No 10 (2023)

The paper explores the question of what crisis is from the perspective of classical and modern sociology laying out a framework for developing the concept of crisis sociality based on the theories of liminality and the morphogenetic approach. Three stages of evolution are identified in theorizing the social ontology of crisis as disruptive events and processes on macro and meso-scale. Based on expert opinions, the paper argues for a specific pattern of current global development in the form of an intercrisis structure of a permanent-liminal type. According to the model, core and peripheral crisis phenomena are singled out as well as transgressive characteristics of institutional liminality and types of coping-behavior strategies are analyzed. Crisis traits of a BANI-world and the YOLO-economy are discussed among other things. The historical foundation for current crisis sociality is seen to be the very nature of modernization process, as the intrinsic imbalance of morphogenetic and morphostatic elements of such development inevitably brings on crisis dynamics and the following liminalization of society.

This article is devoted to the analysis of E. Lee's migration theory (Lee, 1966). E. Lee's publication characterizing his theory of migration is one of the most cited works in the history of migration studies. Having been subjected to critical analysis more than once, its key theses are known not only to experts in the field of migration and economics, but also to a wide range of readers, who associate it with the terms "attraction and push" (push and pull). The analysis carried out in this article differs in that the focus of research attention is not so much on the main theses of his theory, as on their relationship with the ideas that preceded, as well as with the trends of the time when this work was written. The authors carried out a brief analysis of the works of E. Lee's predecessors, determining the degree of their influence on the main provisions of his theory, and also highlighted novelty of his work for the development of subsequent migration studies.

The article is devoted to assessment of demographic potential of the Republic of Buryatia for 1990–2022. The main attention is paid to dynamics of the general population movement, birthrate and mortality in context of Russian and regional trends. Relative advantages in demographic development are saved: the higher birthrate, having many children, high share of young people and lower mortality. At the same time, Buryatia begins to lose its advantages in other respects. The author focuses on the factors influencing the decline in birthrate. The depopulation trend has sustainable and long-term nature. It is necessary to create suitable social environment, eliminate risk factors and preserve institution of the family with traditional reproductive attitudes.

The article analyzes the ideas of Russians about the short- and medium term future of Russia. Based on the data of a nationwide representative study conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the Federal Scientific Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in June 2023, it is shown that anxious moods dominate among Russians in the short term. At the same time, stability - one of the most valuable benefits for the population from the current social contract – is not expected by them. Regarding to the desired future in the Russian public consciousness, the coexistence of four popular images is noted: “The state of equality and justice”, “The state of traditional values”, “Nation state” and “Free Market State”. The first three of them consolidate the population in the position of Russia's independent development, and the last image, while losing support among the mass strata, unites supporters of Russia's Western vector of development. At the same time. The first three scenarios contain the principle of social justice as a key component interpreted among the population in different ways. Four models of the future based on different notions of justice are demonstrated: “Request for equal opportunities”, “Request for reduction of income inequality”, “Request for the same standard of living” and “Request for reduction of territorial inequalities”. The greatest consolidation potential is characteristic for a group oriented towards the future of the country with strong power, the preservation of national traditions, and an original vector of the country's development, although the values of social justice are also important for it.

The article highlights the contribution of Shmuel Noah Eisenstadt (1923-2010) to the elaboration of key sociological ideas in civilizational analysis. The appeal to the civilizational approach in contemporary sociology is caused by theoretical and methodological deficit in understanding multiple national, regional, local and global sociocultural configurations of dynamic modernity. The sociological tradition of civilizational analysis is represented by M. Weber, E. Durkheim, M. Mauss, P.A. Sorokin, N. Elias, B. Nelson, E. Tiryakian, S. Arjomand, J. Arnason and other scholars. Among them, a most significant figures who played key role in turning contemporary sociology towards civilizational analysis is S.N. Eisenstadt. His concepts of “civilizational dimension of societies”, “axial civilizations”, “multiple modernities”, “civilization of modernity” set the agenda of contemporary civilizational analysis.

Determination of the vector of development and sources of integration of multi-ethnic societies should include an assessment of gender systems. The South of Russia is distinguished by a specific ethno-cultural and socio-economic diversity. Nowadays, it includes the territories of two federal districts - the Southern and the North Caucasian (9 national republics and more than 40 nationalities). Economically developed territories and modern social relations coexist with territories with a demodernized economy, low living standards and a traditionalist type of social relations. Official statistics and various studies show the segregation of women in the work sphere and socio-political activity. The article discusses the results of sociological research conducted in six sub-regions of the South of Russia in three stages (2004, 2010 and 2020 years). On the grounds for the content of attitudes regarding the public forms of activity of women, the degree of coincidence of the views of men and women, as well as the vector of the dynamics of ethno -agricultural installations, the subregions of the South of Russia are differentiated into three types - traditional, transition and modernized. The traditional type (Ingushetia, Dagestan) is characterized by high indicators of conservatism of gender attitudes of men and women who are quite stable. The transition type (Kabardino-Balkaria, Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia) has higher indicators of the approval of the public activity of women with a pronounced gap between the estimates of men and women, when the latter are more often focused on the deconstruction of the traditional gender display. The modernized type (Rostov region) is associated with a more sustainable level of egalitarization of plants in both gender subgroups. The inconsistency of ethno -agricultural attitudes in the field of public activity of women complicates the macro -level integration and reduces the efficiency of the use of human capital of the polyeterical south of Russia.

Based on sociological surveys 2021-2022 analyzes the assessment of their material well-being by residents of the Nizhny Novgorod region, including its change after the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions. In addition, the authors study the public opinion of Novgorodians on ways to overcome the emerging crisis phenomena. The study of the structure and dynamics of respondents' answers showed that the studied indicators are stable over the past few years of observation. In particular, the share of those who are satisfied with their financial situation exceeds 60%. This allows us to speak about a consistently low degree of social tension in the regional society, which was almost not affected by the events of 2022.