Том 53, № 5 (2019)

SnRK1 protein kinases are integral components of cell signaling involved in stress response, regulation of energy metabolism, seed germination and maturation, autophagy, and other processes. Nevertheless, many functions of these protein kinases remain unknown. In order to study the intracellular localization of KIN10 (catalytic subunit of the SnRK1 protein kinase complexes), protoplasts of the wild A. thaliana ecotype (Col-0) were transformed with a construct that included the KIN10-RFP fusion gene. It was established that the chimeric KIN10-RFP protein was diffusely distributed in the cytoplasm; however, it was mainly localized on the cell periphery, in the region adjacent to the plasma membrane. The diffuse distribution of KIN10 and γ-tubulin in the cytoplasm of A. thaliana root cells was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy. The patterns of γ-tubulin intracellular localization in the root cells of the kin10 and kin11 knockout mutants and wild type A. thaliana were shown to be different. The intensity of γ-tubulin fluorescence in both mutants was lower than in the wild type-plants: this may be indicative of certain impairments in the formation of γ-tubulin complexes in the mutants. A lower intensity of γ-tubulin fluorescence was also recorded in cells of all lines cultivated under the conditions of energy shortage. In particular, the lowest level of fluorescence was recorded in the kin10 and kin11 mutants exposed to this type of stress, and this may be indicative of the synergistic influence of simultaneous dysfunction of one of these genes and energy deficiency on the formation of γ-tubulin complexes (γTuSC and γTuRC). The results obtained demonstrate the possible involvement of SnRK1 (KIN10 and KIN11) in the physiological response of plants to energy stress. With the data on the possible phosphorylation of the Ser131 residue in plant γ-tubulin by KIN10 taken into account, it can be assumed that SnRK1 protein kinases are involved in the regulation of microtubule polymerization in plants.

Maintaining DNA integrity is an indispensable condition for normal cell functioning. The role of DNA repair gene polymorphism in the formation of individual genome sensitivity to mutagenic DNA-damaging effects is now being actively studied. The aim of this research was to study the frequency distribution of the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM (rs664677)) genotypes among workers of hazardous and unsafe industries in order to identify risk markers for developing bronchopulmonary pathology. The study included miners and workers of asbestos-cement plants (n = 214). The genotypes of ATM (rs664677) were identified using the real-time PCR method. The study has found that the ATM⋅T/T genotype is associated with the risk of developing bronchopulmonary pathology in professional groups of workers from asbestos-cement plants (P = 0.02, χ² = 4.98; OR = 3.47; 95% CI: 1.01–12.51) and miners (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 070–5.53). The genotypes that exhibited resistance to the development of pathology in the respiratory system have also been identified: in the group of workers from asbestos-cement plants (ATM⋅A/A (OR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.45–1.58), ATM⋅A/T (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.41–1.33)) and in miners (ATM⋅A/T (OR = 0.63; (0.28–1.43)). The obtained results indicated, for the first time, the significance of the ATM (rs664677) gene polymorphism for the development of bronchopulmonary pathology in workers of hazardous and unsafe industries of Ukraine.

The amounts of accumulated callose and phenol compounds in sprouts of two winter wheat cultivars under inoculation with pathogenic fungus Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, the causing agent of wheat eyespot, were determined. Considerable differences were demonstrated in the constitutional and induced accumulation of phytoimmunity substances by the sprouts of the Myronivska 808 and Renan cultivars, which cause specific features of their resistance to pathogenic microorganisms.

The review is devoted to the physiological functions of the main gasotransmitters (GT) in plants. The pathways for synthesis of nitric oxide, hydrogen sulphide, and carbon monoxide are characterized. Their interplay (cross-talk) with other key participants of signaling—calcium ions and reactive oxygen species—was shown. The main pathways for modification of target proteins by GT—S-nitrosylation, nitridation, and persulphidation—were considered. Special attention was paid to the mechanisms of functional interplay of GT among themselves caused by the direct chemical interaction, competition for targets of biomacromolecules, and reciprocal influence on synthesis. The participation of endogenous GT in the processes of plants’ adaptation to the influence of the main abiotic stressors—low and high temperatures, dehydration, and salinity—was described. The examples for practical use of GT donors for the induction of plants’ resistance to the abiotic stresses were provided.

Orinus intermedius is an endemic perennial species occurring exclusively in the southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). It has particularly important ecological and genetic values, and some of its morphological characters are between O. thoroldii and O. kokonoricus. In the present study, we conducted the sequencing and assembly of its complete chloroplast (cp) genome using Illumina HiSeq4000 platform in order to discuss its characterization and phylogenetic position of this species. The results showed that the complete cp genome of O. intermedius is 134 296 bp in size with a high AT content of 61.6%. The cp genome structure are standard quadripartite, which contains a pair of an inverted repeat (IRs, 21 024 bp each) separated by the small single copy (SSC, 12 478 bp) and large single copy (LSC, 79 770 bp) regions. It encodes 136 genes, including 81 protein-coding genes, 44 tRNAs genes and eight rRNAs genes. Most of these genes occur as a single copy. Moreover, there are no genes harbored introns among the annotated genes from the cp genome of O. intermedius. Phylogenetic analysis based on 41 complete cp genome sequences indicated that O. intermedius is sister clade to the clade of Eragrostis species in Chloridoideae.