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Vol 68, No 11 (2023)
СИНТЕЗ И СВОЙСТВА НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ
Sorption of Radionuclides on Amorphous and Crystalline Cerium(IV) Phosphates
Abstract
The sorption properties of amorphous cerium(IV) hydrogen phosphate and crystalline phases NH4Ce2(PO4)3, (NH4)2Ce(PO4)2·H2O, and Ce(OH)PO4 towards the 243Am(III), 232Th(IV), 237Np(V), and 233, 238U(VI) radionuclides were studied in aqueous media at pH 1, 4, 7, and 10 for 24 h. The highest degree of sorption (up to 100%) was found for amorphous cerium(IV) hydrogen phosphate. The pH dependences of radionuclide sorption for crystalline compounds were shown to be similar to one another: the highest sorption was observed at pH 7 (up to 100% for 243Am(III)), while the lowest values were observed for pH 10 and 1. An exception was provided by 237Np(V), the sorption of which was close to zero in the pH range of 1–7 and reached 60% at pH 10. Keeping amorphous and crystalline cerium(IV) phosphates in acid medium leads to quantitative desorption of all of the tested radionuclides within the first 5 h.
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New Method for Synthesis of Substituted 1-Amidine-closo-decaborates [1-B10H9NH=C(R1)NHR2] (R1 = Me, iPr, Ph; R2 = nBu, Bn)
Abstract
The process of nucleophilic substitution of the phenyliodonium substituent in the [1-B10H9IPh]– anion with primary amines in organic nitriles has been studied. It has been shown that the reaction proceeds with the formation of a mixture of products, namely, 1-monoalkylammonio-closo-decaborate and the corresponding amidine, which is formed when an amine molecule is added to the nitrile. The resulting products have been characterized by 1H, 11B, 13C NMR spectroscopies, IR absorption spectroscopy, and high-resolution ESI mass spectroscopy.
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NaLn(IO3)4 Iodates (Ln = Pr, Tb): New Representatives of Nonlinear Optical Crystals with the NaY(IO3)4 Structure
Abstract
Interaction of rare-earth oxides (Pr, Tb, Er) with periodic acid or sodium iodate under hydrothermal conditions in the presence of Na2HPO4⋅12H2O leads to formation of complex NaLn(IO3)4 iodates. The compounds of Pr and Tb are reported for the first time. Single-crystal studies reveal that they are isostructural to the previously reported analogs of other rare-earths and adopt the non-centrosymmetric space group Сс. Polycrystalline samples generate a strong SHG signal above that of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate reference standard. They also exhibit wide optical transparency areas and high thermal stability.
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Reaction of Highly Dispersed Nickel Metal Powders with Pd(II) Aqueous Solutions under Hydrothermal Conditions
Abstract
The processes of contact reaction of nickel metal powders with aggregated particle sizes of 300–400 nm with aqueous solutions of palladium(II) in autoclaves at elevated temperatures in acidic and alkaline media have been studied. It has been found that when metallic nickel contacts with aqueous solutions of palladium(II) chloride in 0.01 M hydrochloric acid at temperatures of 100 and 130°C for 15 min, the concentration of divalent palladium ions decreases to zero. The process is accompanied by a partial transition of nickel into solution. The precipitates are a mixture of metallic particles of nickel and palladium of variable compositions. In the case of contact of metallic nickel with solutions of tetraammine palladium(II) chloride at temperatures of 160 and 170°C in a medium of 0.1 M potassium hydroxide, metal palladium particles 5–25 nm in size are formed on the surface of larger nickel particles. The structure of bimetallic particles has been determined by X-ray photoelectron microscopy.
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Hydrothermal Synthesis of Calcium Silicates on the Recovery of Phosphorus from Phosphorite
Abstract
Calcium silicates with nanosized needle-like structure have been obtained from phosphorite by hydrothermal synthesis. Phosphorus is recovered from phosphorite as sodium phosphate solution under conditions of autoclave treatment of phosphorite with alkaline solution in the presence of silicon dioxide at 250°C. This approach enables involvement of low-phosphorus raw materials into non-waste processing owing to the synthesis of calcium silicates suitable in many branches of industry. Thus prepared phosphate solutions are applicable in agriculture and, after appropriate purification, in food industry. Hydrothermal synthesis conditions have been determined: temperature of 250–300°C, leaching time of 3 h, and NaOH concentration of 150 kg/m3.
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КООРДИНАЦИОННЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ
Noble Metal Porphyrin Complexes. Intermediates of Catalytic Processes (A Review)
Abstract
A wide variety of oxidation states and coordination numbers of complexing cations, various redox properties, high stability of the coordination center, as well as a unique electronic structure determine the catalytic activity of porphyrin complexes of noble metals in various reactions with organic substrates. This review presents the types of catalytic reactions involving compounds of ruthenium, rhodium, iridium, palladium, platinum, and gold with porphyrins, with an emphasis on the features of intermediates depending on the nature of the metal, electronic and steric effects of peripheral substituents of the macrocycle. The presented data provide a theoretical basis that can contribute to the development of innovative materials for catalysis based on metalloporphyrins, as well as the creation of new homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts.
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Synthesis, Chemical Structure, and Ground- and Excited-State Spectral Characteristics of (Porphyrinato)(chloro)indium(III) and Its Complexes with C60 and Pyridyl-Substituted Fullero[60]pyrrolidine
Abstract
New complexes of [5,10,15,20-tetra-(4-methoxyphenyl)porphinato](chloro)indium(III) ((Cl)InTPP(p-OCH3)4) with unsubstituted C60 and 1-methyl-2-(pyridin-4'-yl)-3,4- fullero[60]pyrrolidine (PyC60) were synthesized in toluene. The stability constants of 1 : 1 complexes (dyads) were determined using UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The dyads were characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy data. It was established that fluorescence of (Cl)InTPP(p-OCH3)4 is quenched upon gradual addition of fullerenes. The numerical values of the Stern–Volmer quenching constants (KSV) were determined. The most important charge transfer characteristics of dyads (the lifetime of charge-separated states and charge separation and recombination constants), needed for further consideration of dyads based on indium(III) porphyrins as photoinduced electron transfer systems, were determined using femtosecond laser spectroscopy.
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ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКАЯ ХИМИЯ
Derivation of a Force Field for Computer Simulations of Multi-Walled Nanotubes Using Genetic Algorithm. I. Tungsten Disulfide
Abstract
A technique for constructing force fields based on the use of genetic algorithms is proposed, which is aimed at parameterization of potentials intended for computer simulation of polyatomic nanosystems. To illustrate the proposed approach, a force field has been developed for modeling layered modifications of WS2, including multi-walled nanotubes, the dimensions of which are beyond the capabilities of ab initio methods. When determining the potential parameters, layered polytypes of bulk crystals, monolayers, bilayers, and nanotubes of small diameters were used as calibration systems. The parameterization found was successfully tested on double-walled nanotubes, the structure of which was determined using density functional calculations. The obtained force field was used for the first time to model the structure and stability of achiral multi-walled nanotubes based on WS2. The interwall distances obtained from the simulation are in good agreement with the results of recent measurements of these parameters for existing nanotubes.
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ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
Heat Capacity and Thermodynamic Functions of Ho2O3·2HfO2 Solid Solution
Abstract
Isobaric heat capacity measurements in the range 2.4–1807 K have been performed by relaxation calorimetry, adiabatic calorimetry, and differential scanning calorimetry on a Ho2O3‧2HfO2 solid solution sample prepared and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, electron microscopy, and chemical analysis, and thermodynamic functions have been calculated. The Schottky anomaly contribution has been determined in the range 2.4–300 K.
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Synthesis and High-Temperature Heat Capacity of LaMgAl11O19 and SmMgAl11O19 Hexaaluminates
Abstract
The processes occurring during heating of a stoichiometric mixture of lanthanum, samarium, magnesium, and aluminum hydroxides synthesized by the reverse precipitation method have been studied by DTA/TG and X-ray powder diffraction methods. The conditions for the synthesis of single-phase LaMgAl11O19 and SmMgAl11O19 samples of the magnetoplumbite structure type have been determined, and the isobaric heat capacity has been measured in the temperature range 317–1817 K, showing the absence of structural transformations in this range.
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ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ
Phase Equilibria in the Cu2Se–Cu8SiSe6–Cu8GeSe6 System
Abstract
Phase equilibria in the Cu2Se–Cu8SiSe6–Cu8GeSe6 area of the Cu2Se–SiSe2–GeSe2 system have been studied using differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray powder diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDX). The results served to plot a Т–х diagram of the Cu8SiSe6–Cu8GeSe6 boundary system, a series of polythermal sections, and a 300-K isothermal section of the phase diagram and a liquidus surface projection for the title system. The primary crystallization and homogeneity fields of phases, and the characters and temperatures of invariant and monovariant equilibria have been determined. In the Cu8SiSe6–Cu8GeSe6 boundary system, continuous solid solutions have been found to exist between the high-temperature phases of the terminal compounds and extensive homogeneity area based on their low-temperature phases were found. The crystal lattice types and unit cell parameters have been determined for the terminal compounds and both phases of solid solutions using X-ray powder diffraction data. The prepared phases of variable composition are of interest as environmentally friendly functional materials.
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Spatial Computer Model of the UCl3–NaCl–MgCl2–PuCl3 Isobaric Phase Diagram
Abstract
A four-dimensional (4D, in concentration–temperature coordinates) computer model of the isobaric phase diagram of uranium, sodium, magnesium, and plutonium chlorides, as well as four three-dimensional (3D) computer models of the phase diagrams of the ternary systems forming it, has been constructed. The technology of assembling a 4D model of 46 hypersurfaces and 17 phase regions was used in the design. The obtained 4D model of the UCl3–NaCl–MgCl2–PuCl3 phase diagram makes it possible to visualize a four-dimensional object as a whole (with all its hypersurfaces and phase regions) by any arbitrarily given 2D and 3D sections, as well as it is able to reproduce published (experimental or thermodynamically calculated) 2D sections. The scope of application of the results of the work is the development of materials for fuel components of fourth-generation molten salt reactors and pyrochemical recycling of spent fuel rods. For the first time, a comprehensive, complete description of phase diagrams composed of uranium, plutonium, sodium, and magnesium chlorides has been obtained.
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Synthesis, Thermodynamic Properties, and Ionic Conductivity of Compounds Based on Bismuth Niobates Doped by Rare-Earth Elements (A Review)
Abstract
Synthesis methods, thermodynamic and functional properties of compounds based on bismuth niobates doped with rare-earth elements (REEs) are presented. These compounds are promising materials for fuel cells, ceramic oxygen generators, electrocatalysis, etc. As show the data generalized, most compounds have a cubic structure of the δ-form of bismuth oxide, which has the highest ionic conductivity among solid-state ionic conductors. The compounds have high lattice enthalpy and are therefore promising high-energy compounds. The review summarizes studies on the basic thermodynamic characteristics of bismuth niobates doped with rare earth elements. The change in standard enthalpies of formation, lattice enthalpies, and heat capacity when replacing one rare earth element with another is analyzed. It is shown that as the radius of rare earth elements decreases, the standard enthalpies of formation increases and lattice enthalpies increases. The change in ionic conductivity with changes in temperature and rare earth element content has been studied. It has been shown that with increasing temperature and REE content, conductivity increases.
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ФИЗИКОХИМИЯ РАСТВОРОВ
Effect of Bridging Group Nature on the Extraction Ability of Diphenylphosphorylketones toward Actinides and Lanthanides
Abstract
Effect of structure of phosphorylketones containing flexible alkyl and conformationally rigid fragments in the linker on extraction ability toward actinides and lanthanides has been studied. It has been shown that the introduction of conformationally rigid cycloalkanediyl and alkenediyl fragments in the bridge between P=O and C=O groups in the structure of molecule decreases efficiency of extractants for both actinides and lanthanides. At the same time, the introduction of flexible alkyl groups in linker structure increases complexing and extraction ability. This dependence has been explained theoretically by modeling complexation (DFT, PBE, cc-pVDZ), monodentate coordination was observed for all studied phosphorylalkanones
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НЕОРГАНИЧЕСКИЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ И НАНОМАТЕРИАЛЫ
Zirconium (Hafnium)-Containing Yttriumoxane Alumoxanes and Multicomponent Ceramics Based on Them
Abstract
Ceramic-forming zirconium (hafnium)-containing yttriumoxane alumoxanes, precursors of multicomponent ceramics based on alumina, yttria and zirconia/hafnia, were synthesized by co-condensation of chelated alkoxyalumoxanes, yttrium acetylacetonate hydrate (or organic yttriumoxane alumoxanes) and zirconium or hafnium acetylacetonate. The physicochemical properties of zirconium (hafnium)-containing yttriumoxane alumoxanes were studied. Computational models of the group and elemental composition of oligomeric Zr(Hf)-containing yttriumoxane alumoxane molecules were proposed. According to X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy data, pyrolysis of the oligomers at 1500–1600°C results in multicomponent nano- or fine-crystalline ceramic powders, depending on the Al/Y and Al/Zr(Hf) molar ratios.
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