Vol 9, No 3 (2016)
- Year: 2016
- Articles: 11
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/ov/issue/view/291
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/OV20163
Articles
Polymorphic markers of the G1639A form of VKORC1 involved in the development of retinal vessel occlusion
Abstract
Retinal vessel occlusion (RVO) is an eye disease that leads to decreased visual acuity, ultimately resulting in blindness. It is observed in 1%-2% of individuals above the age of 40 years. The etiology of RVO still remains unclear. However, the most widely recognized risk factors include age, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. The number of patients with RVO among the young population has increased in recent years; hence, more attention has been focused on the genetic factors. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding proteins involved in the vitamin K cycle are among the genetic factors that may influence RVO. According to literature, the G1639A polymorphism in the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (vKoRc1) is a possible risk factor for RVO.
Purpose. To estimate the association between carriers of the G1639A form of vKoRc1 and the development of venous RVO (VRVO) and arterial RVO (ARVO).
Materials and methods. The study included 126 patients aged between 40 and 80 years, mean age 61.5 years. Genotyping for the presence of the G1639A polymorphism of vKoRc1 was performed using polymerase chain reaction, and statistical analysis was performed using the Instat program.
Results. The GG genotype of G1639A was found to be significantly more common in patients with VRVO or ARVO than in those of the control group (VRVO, 42.6%; ARVO, 60%; control group, 32%; p = 0.0449 for VRVO, and p = 0.0925 for ARVO). However, the AA genotype was significantly less common in patients with VRVO or ARVO than in those of the control group (VRVO, 9.8%; ARVO, 6.7%; control group, 28%; p = 0.0238 for VRVO and p = 0.1593 for ARVO, RR 2.015, 95% confidence interval 1.011-4.16).
Conclusions. Our study demonstrates that the GG genotypic form of the G1639A polymorphism of VKORC1 is associated with the development of VRVO and possibly ARVO. However, the AA genotypic form of this polymorphism is not closely associated with the development of VRVO or ARVO.
Estimation algorithm of the lower eyelid tone
Abstract
The condition of ocular adnexal tissues plays an important role not only in determining the pathogenesis of eyelid malposition but also in the choice of surgical treatment. Most frequent types of eyelid malposition are involutional lower lid ectropion and entropion. An estimation algorithm of the lower eyelid tone was described in this article.
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome and ocular adnexa
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a relatively widespread generalized age-related disease of the connective tissue. Therefore, it is reasonable to evaluate the condition of ocular adnexa in patients with PEX. The purpose of the study. To evaluate the state of ocular adnexal tissue in PEX. Methods. Both eyes of 66 patients with PEX and of 64 control individuals were examined in this prospective study. We evaluated the function of the upper eyelid levator muscles and the lower eyelid retractors, horizontal lid laxity (HLL), canthal integrity, degree of retractor disinsertion, and orbicularis muscle tone. Results. The HLL, degree of retractor disinsertion, and the laxity of the medial canthal tendon were statistically expressed in patients with PEX (p < 0.05). However, the orbicularis muscle tone and the function of the lower eyelid retractors were statistically lower in these patients (p < 0.05). The function of the upper eyelid levator muscles, tone of the lateral canthal tendon and degree of ptosis was found to be similar in both groups. Conclusion. Signs of atonic changes in ocular adnexa are relatively more common in patients with PEX (p < 0.05).
Features of measurement of intraocular pressure in children
Abstract
This review discusses the results of various studies conducted in recent years on the comparison of modern methods of measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in children: pneumotonometry, Maklakov applanation tonometry, and tonometry using Perkins tonometer, Goldmann tonometer, Icare tonometer, Ocular Response Analyzer, TonoPen handheld tonometer, transpalpebral tonometer TIOP01, or a dynamic contour Pascal tonometer. This study discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different methods of measurement of IOP in children, including the evaluation of patients with fibrous lens capsules that might affect the measurement of IOP and an analysis of the characteristics of evaluation of IOP in children with congenital glaucoma.
Efficacy of 0.01% dexamethasone solution in comprehensive therapy of dry eye disease
Abstract
Introduction. The officinal dosage of dexamethasone solution (0.1%) has a marked localized antiinflammatory effect. But the widespread use of this dose in the management of dry eye diseases is limited by the risk of damage to the cornea. Therefore, the authors developed a solution containing 0.01% dexamethasone phosphate in combination with 6% polyvinylpyrolidone and 1.5%–5.5% dextrose [3].
Aim. To study the effects of this novel anti-inflammatory solution on corneal inflammatory processes.
Materials and methods. This study included a cohort of 25 patients (50 eyes) with corneal–conjunctival xerosis. Lower tear meniscus index, precorneal tear film production, stability and osmolarity, and the degree of staining of the ocular surface epithelium with vital solutions were assessed prior to the treatment and on day 28 of the study. The presence of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-1Ra, TNF-α, INF-α, and INF-γ in patients’ tear fluid and blood plasma was quantified using ELISA.
All patients were asked to complete a questionnaire to evaluate subjective signs of xerosis of the ocular surface.
Results. Statistically significant increases in tear meniscus index, precorneal tear film stability, and main and total tear production, with a significant decrease in tear film osmolarity were observed by day 28 of the study. In addition, positive changes in objective parameters relating to the ocular surface epithelium were further confirmed by the patients’ evaluations of their quality of life. Furthermore, the degree of staining of the ocular surface epithelium with vital solutions also decreased.
Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrate the high level of effectiveness of the developed medication as a treatment for dry eye diseases of various etiologies.
Differential diagnosis of dirofilariasis of the lower lid: a clinical case from Ophthalmological diagnostic center no. 7 for children and adults, Saint Petersburg
Abstract
A rare late complication of silicone orbital implant
Abstract
This study describes clinical and radiological implications as well as early surgical treatment results of a rare and late complication of a nonporous silicone orbital implant, in particular its encapsulation with the formation of an inclusion cyst.