Migration Attitudes of Moscow and Belgorod Residents with Unconventional Religious Beliefs

In a context of geopolitical instability, migration attitudes are changing. This necessitates research on groups with unconventional beliefs, such as those who practice or do not practice unconventional religion. A study was conducted in Moscow and Belgorod in 2014 to examine the migration sentiments among Muscovites, Belgorod residents, and other groups. The groups were divided into two categories: “practitioners,” who have unconventional consciousness and engage in rituals, and “nonpractitioners,” who only have non-conventional religious beliefs but do not participate in the practices associated with those beliefs. The results showed that “practitioners” are more interested in non-conventional and esoteric teachings, especially in Moscow, which has a higher general interest in these beliefs. In Belgorod, “practitioners” are more involved in ritualistic activities. The study also found that those planning to migrate are mostly “practitioners,” while those considering staying within the country are more often “nonpractitioners.” “Practitioners” often migrate due to social issues in their current location, while “nonpractitioners” focus on economic factors when considering migration. In Belograd, “practitioners” have a stronger motivation to migrate, driven by factors such as social, family, and work-related issues. Overall, the study suggests that “practicioners” are more active participants in migration, focusing on leaving for social and political reasons, while “nonpractitioners” may be more likely to move within the country for economic reasons. The level of involvement in religious practices also influences the intentions of these two groups.