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No 4 (2025)
Articles
The Shift in Economic Course: from J. Biden to D. Trump 2.0
Abstract
The article aims to show how the transition from Biden’s to Trump’s economic policy takes place. The author examined the economic situation in the USA at the end of J. Biden’s presidential term and analyzes what was the government’s policy contribution into final economic outcomes. It is evident that the newly elected President, Mr. D. Trump, inherited an economy in pretty good shape – inflation went down, unemployment remains low, economic growth is higher than in other well-developed countries. Nevertheless, it is clear that the D. Trump administration will develop quite a different economic policy based on neoliberal economic principles. Three major directions of economic reforms were proclaimed by the republican President: low taxes, including further tax reductions and an extension of the 2017 tax reform; the introduction of universal imports tariffs and an overall increase in tariffs, especially on Chinese imports; and restrictions on immigration flows. The author makes a conclusion that the outcomes of the proclaimed policy may be highly controversial. On one hand, it provides obvious incentives for the economic growth; on the other, it poses serious threats to consumer demand, inflation, and the economy in general.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2025;(4):5-16
5-16
Justification of Neocolonialism, or When the "Superstructure" Is More Important Than the "Base" (On the 2024 Nobel Prize in Economics)
Abstract
The article analyzes the main theoretical provisions and results of empirical research by three laureates of the 2024 Nobel Prize in Economics – American professors D. Acemoglu, S. Johnson, and D. Robinson. It is emphasized that the 2024 prize is the "second edition" of the Nobel Prize in Economics, awarded in 1993 to American economists D. North and R. Fogel for their study of the role of political institutions in the economic development of the United States. The 2024 prize was awarded by the Nobel Committee solely for political and ideological reasons, with the aim of influencing the outcome of the presidential elections in the United States and disavowing D. Trump's economic program as "a threat to American democracy". From a scientific and analytical point of view, the works of the new Nobel laureates have faced widespread criticism from Western economists and political scientists for representing a falsification of the economic history of the United States, as well as containing an empirically poorly traceable connection between institutional reforms and the acceleration of economic development in various countries. In conclusion, it is emphasized that in the Western economic community, a growing number of researchers are advocating for the abolition of the Nobel Prizes in Economics, which, over time since 1969, has turned into a purely corporate award for “questionnaire” economists working in a narrow group of “elite” American universities.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2025;(4):17-35
17-35
Public Diplomacy
Network Diplomacy in the American Strategy of Global Dominance
Abstract
Today we witness changes in assessing the role of network diplomacy in the system of international relations. With the end of the era of bloc diplomacy and against the background of the diversification of actors in world politics, the role of network interaction institutions in global governance is increasing. They complement formalized international intergovernmental organizations. At the same time, in addition to traditional global-level institutions (G7, BRICS, and G20), specialized network platforms are emerging. The author hypothesizes that after the election of D. Trump as U.S. President and his statements about the intention to strengthen America's greatness based on the concepts of "America First" and "Make America Great Again", promoted during his first presidential term, the United States will rely on the development of ad hoc coalitions to maintain global dominance with the support of its closest partners.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2025;(4):36-46
36-46
Foreign Policy
US-India Relations: What Does India Want, and Is There a Path to an Alliance?
Abstract
The article is devoted to increasing role of India within bilateral ties with the USA. The first part reflects the evolution of US-India relations towards rapprochement and the establishment of a strategic partnership from the 1990s to the present day. Next, the place of India in the Free and Open Indo-Pacific (FOIP) and multilateral groups created under the leadership of the USA, such as the QUAD, is considered. In conclusion, the authors discuss the prospects for enhancing India's status and the obstacles to forming a full-fledged military-political alliance.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2025;(4):47-62
47-62
Domestic Politics
The Role of Hispanics in the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election
Abstract
The article reveals the key features of the 2024 presidential election. It finds that there was a red wave caused by a large shift of Hispanic voters towards the Republican Party, not only in states where it has been seen previously but also in many other key, swing states, and even blue states. The red wave largely secured the victory of D. Trump and the Republicans in the U.S. Congress. However, the red wave was not caused only by the growth of support for D. Trump among Hispanics. There are far deeper transformations in their political views taking place in the US.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2025;(4):63-78
63-78
The Current Discourse
Artificial Intelligence in the US Media
Abstract
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the media today can be called a familiar rather than an innovative phenomenon. In newsrooms, it is already a well-established practice to use AI to write short, templated news texts, prepare background information, come up with headlines for articles, and generate images. However, not everyone sees the opportunities as a boon. Increasingly, numerous moral and ethical conflicts, as well as legal questions about data protection and the nuances of authorship, are arising. This study examines various aspects of the application of neural networks in the work of media offices and journalists. Particular attention is paid to the history of AI development in the United States, the opportunities and dangers of its use, as well as the legal and ethical aspects of its application in American practice. This is especially important for the media, which, in the era of misinformation, more than ever should set an example of transparency and objectivity in their activities.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2025;(4):79-92
79-92
Scientists for the Safety of Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to examine how well-known scientists assess the potential long-term risks of artificial intelligence (AI). It examines their contribution to the development of generative AI technologies, as well as the advocacy for safe AI by the famous CanadianBritish scientist, 2024 Nobel Prize winner Jeffrey Hinton, and his students and colleagues in the field of machine learning, who share his ideas or, on the contrary, oppose him (I. Sutskever, J. Bengio, J. LeCun). The warnings of scientists, programmers, and entrepreneurs are (G. Hinton, J. Bengio, I. Sutskever, S. Balaji, E. Musk, and others) about the uncontrollable consequences of the competitive race between high-tech companies such as OpenAI, Google, Anthropic, Microsoft, as well as their advocacy for new regulatory approaches in this area, are described. The article shows how researchers are forced to come into conflict with the interests of technology corporations in order to convey information about the risks of AI to a wide range of people.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2025;(4):93-106
93-106
Reader’s Deliberations
The Testament of Henry Kissinger: Six Models of Leadership in an Era of Deficient Strategic Thinking and Political Foresight
Abstract
"Leadership" is the latest book by Henry Kissinger, patriarch of world diplomacy, Secretary of State and Adviser to the President of the United States on National Security. (The book was published in English in 2022 and had a subtitle omitted in the Russian-language edi- tion: Six Studies on Global Strategy). The book is based on a study of six styles of leadership, six biographies of famous political figures of the twentieth century, with whom H. Kissinger had the opportunity to meet and work. For each politician whose motives and activities are analyzed in the book, the author has identified a special feature characterizing the leadership strategy: Konrad Adenauer has a strategy of humility, Charles de Gaulle has a strategy of will, Richard Nixon has a strategy of equilibrium, Anwar Sadat has a strategy of transcendence, Lee Kuan Yew has a strategy of excellence, Margaret Thatcher has a strategy of conviction. The assessments of the leaders considered in the book are naturally americanocentric, made through the prism of ideas about the national interests of the United States and their foreign policy and ideological aspirations. However, despite this feature, H. Kissinger's view of the biographies of famous politicians is of great interest due to the interpretations of their activities by a well- known master of diplomacy, an expert in the history and theory of international relations, a direct active participant in many events discussed in the book.
USA & Canada: economics, politics, culture. 2025;(4):107-126
107-126