Vol 29, No 4 (2019)

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Full Issue

Информатика, вычислительная техника и управление

Parametric Identification of the Models with Specified Quality Characteristics

Kantor O.G., Spivak S.I., Morozkin N.D.

Abstract

Introduction. The model of a given structure should be identified based on the results of solving the problem of parametric identification. This model should provide the best possible the database development reproduction of the experimental data. Therefore, the procedure for identifying such a model is subject to natural logic and includes the stages of data a determination of a set of acceptable models and subsequent selection of the best of them. If the set of acceptable models is large, the procedure for determining the best one can be time-consuming.
Materials and Methods. The set of acceptable methods in the problems of parametric identification largely depends on the type of the experimental data. Uncertainty for example, probabilistic and statistical methods are useful if the observed factors are random and subject to any law of probability distribution. If the conditions for the use of such methods are not met, it may be useful to present an approach based on identifying the boundaries of location of the model parameters that ensure the achievement of specified levels of quality characteristics.
Results. It is based on the use of maximum permissible parameter estimates and allows one to determining the set of parameter values that guarantee the achievement of the required qualitative level of experimental data description, including from the standpoint of analyzing the impact of changes in accord with requirements to the accuracy of their reproduction. 
Discussion and Conclusion. It is shown that the obtained value of the chemical reaction rate constant, in accordance with the introduced criteria, provides acceptable accuracy, adequacy, and stability of the identified kinetic model. At the same time, the results of calculations revealed the information that can form the basis for planning experiments carried out in order to improve the accuracy of the experimental data.

Engineering technologies and systems. 2019;29(4):480-495
pages 480-495 views

Mathematical Modeling of Main Classes of Stochastic Productive Systems

Butov A.A., Volkov M.A., Golovanov V.N., Kovalenko A.A., Kostishko B.M., Samoilov L.M.

Abstract

Introduction. The article deals with mathematical models of two main classes of processes in stochastic productive systems. For a multistage system, conditions of belonging to a “just-in-time” class or a class with infinite support of the time distribution function for productive operations are determined.
Materials and Methods. Descriptions and investigations of models are carried out by trajectory
(martingale) methods. For “just-in-time” systems and multistage stochastic productive systems, terms and methods of random walks in a random environment and birth and death processes are used. The results are formulated as descriptions of intensity characteristics of equalizers of point counting processes.
Results. Two theorems are given and proved; they justify the proposed classification of the mathematical models of productive systems. The criteria of the belonging of the stochastic productive system to the class “just-in-time” are given. A theorem on the incompatibility of groups of “just-in-time” systems and systems infinite support of the time distribution for operations is proved.
Discussion and Conclusion. The results show the feasibility of analyzing stochastic productive systems by martingale methods. The descriptions of terms of intensities of the equalizers time of productive processes admit generalization.

Engineering technologies and systems. 2019;29(4):496-509
pages 496-509 views

Forecast of the Number of Doctorate Holders in Russia

Gurtov V.A., Shchegoleva L.V., Pakhomov S.I.

Abstract

Introduction. Personnel of the highest scientific qualification are the basis of staffing the competitive development all sectors of the national economy of the Russian Federation. 
Materials and Methods. The article proposes a model for calculating the age-specific number of Candidates and Doctors of Sciences on the basis of annual statistical data on the number of defenses of candidate and doctoral theses and survival rates. Since the detailed data are presented only for the period starting from 2008, and the aggregated data are not known for all years, the corresponding interpolation methods are proposed to restore the missing data. 
Results. The results of the study are 6 models for calculating the number of Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, approximation function of the multiplicative survival coefficient for persons with scientific degrees, approximation functions of the age distribution of the applicants of degrees of Candidate and Doctor of Science, approximation functions of agerelated and cumulative distribution of the number of Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, quantitative estimates of the number of Candidates and Doctors of Sciences in 2019.
Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed models have shown their adequacy. As a result of the calculations, it was found that the number of Candidates of Sciences in the age category of 20–80 years is 468,000 people, and the number of Doctors of Sciences in the age category of 30–90 years is 72,000 people. According to the obtained numerical values, approximating functions were constructed to get the number of Candidates and Doctors of Sciences in any age range. Since the system of personnel of the highest scientific qualification is sufficiently inert, the data obtained of age structure of the personnel of the highest scientific qualification will retain its character for at least another 10 years.

Engineering technologies and systems. 2019;29(4):510-528
pages 510-528 views

Mechanical engineering

Developing a Stand for Evaluating Technical Condition of Volumetric Hydraulic Drives with a Hydraulic Loading Device

Ionov P.A., Senin P.V., Pyanzov S.V., Stolyarov A.V., Zemskov A.M.

Abstract

Introduction. The article deals with the development of a device for evaluating technical condition on of volumetric hydraulic drives made in Russia and abroad at repair and service centres.
Materials and Methods. The study uses the statements of theoretical mechanics and hydrodynamics, the basic principles of mechanisms and machines production. For technical condition evaluating of volumetric hydraulic drives, the method of hydraulic loading of hydraulic motor was applied. Reliability of results was confirmed during experimental settings of the hydraulic loading device stand.
Results. A stand design with the hydraulic loading device was developed and put into practice for new technical condition evaluating of volumetric hydraulic drives, made in Russia and abroad, at repair and service centres. A property of the stand is the use of the hydraulic loading method when the torque (braking) moment on the shaft of the tested hydraulic rotor is created using a hydraulic machine. The stand consists of data processing and measurement units. The data processing unit is based on a multifunctional data acquisition board connected with a personal computer. The structure of the data measurement unit includes a frequency converter connected to an electric motor, a drive shaft for connecting the shaft of the tested hydraulic pump; hydraulic system having a hydraulic tank; suction, control, drain, and discharge lines and reversible flow chokes installed in discharge lines and connected with the hydraulic pump and hydraulic rotor; loading device with the reversible hydraulic pump, drive shaft joined with the shaft of the tested hydraulic motor. 
Discussion and Conclusion. The new stand design with the hydraulic loading device allows implementating of the dynamic testing methodology and guarantees high accuracy of evaluating the technical condition of the most widespread Russian and foreign volumetric hydraulic drives at repair and service centres. 

Engineering technologies and systems. 2019;29(4):529-545
pages 529-545 views

Features of Calculating Kinematic and Roughness Parameters at Abrasive Finishing of Shut-Off Surfaces of Gate Valve Bodies Connecting Pipes

Skryabin V.A.

Abstract

Introduction. The author defines main provisions for peculiarities of the kinematics of plant lapping in the process of finishing shut-off elements of the valves, as well as methods for determination of operating parameters and values of roughness in the process of abrasive finishing of sealing surfaces of valves.
Materials and Methods. The kinematic scheme of grinding machines was developed to determine the angular velocity of rotation of an instrumental disc and lapping machine. Based on the developed kinematic scheme, we obtained analytical expressions to determine the capacity of the machine’s drive motor and cutting elements, as well as the angular and linear speeds of rotation of tool drive and laps. There were also developed trajectory traces of grid points of the lapping tool at its movement along with the treated surface details of pipe fittings.
Results. There are given examples of calculation of kinematic parameters and roughness of the treated sealing surface of gate valves with the diameter DN = 100 according to established analytical dependencies for rough and finish lapping. The coordinates of the moving tools were calculated with visualization of trajectory points using special software Lazarus. The coordinates were calculated and the trace of the moving point tool was built. The specific space which characterizes the capacity of the sealing surfaces was calculated.
Discussion and Conclusion. Calculations allowed us to determine how to place the lapping tool relative to the machine’s sealing surface for optimization of the treatment process. Preliminary calculations showed that the area of lapping tool’s contact with the workpiece and the optimum angle of contact would change slightly within the relative probability of error of 5% and 10%.

Engineering technologies and systems. 2019;29(4):546-559
pages 546-559 views

Study of Master Plans of Technical Service Enterprises in Agricultural Sector

Komarov V.A., Salmin V.V., Kurashkin M.I.

Abstract

Introduction. Most of the territories where technical service enterprises are located in the agricultural-and-industrial complex, are high-quality agricultural lands. However, so far no analysis of the technological feasibility of using these land plots has been made. The goal of this work is to develop recommendations for the effective use of areas allocated for technical service enterprises, taking into account the increase in the density of development of territories through reconstructing of repair and service bases.
Materials and Methods. Determination of actual indicators of the development density for technical service enterprises and their compliance with the set of rules was carried out using the companies’ accounting documents and situational plans for repair and maintenance bases. In the course of the study, recommendations were developed for reconstruction of master plans to increase the development for density repair and maintenance bases of these companies.
Results. The results of studies of the actual development density of technical service enterprises have shown that in 65% of cases it is below the minimum development density established by the code of rules SP 19.13330.2011. The actual density maintenance bases is in the range of 5.1–66.0%. At the same time, the actual average density of development of enterprises of technical service for agricultural producers was 19.7%. The largest number of enterprises (61.9%) has the development density of 5–20%, that is, significantly lower than the standard value. The smallest number of enterprises (3.6%) have the development density in terms ecology of above 50%. Most enterprises have the green area less than 10%, which is lower than the regulated value. 
Discussion and Conclusion. We showed the low efficiency in the use of areas allocated for repair and maintenance bases of technical service enterprises in various areas of the agricultural- and-industrial complex of the Volga Federal District of the Russian Federation.

Engineering technologies and systems. 2019;29(4):560-577
pages 560-577 views

Processes and Machines of Agroengineering Systems

Equilibrium Conditions of Agricultural Machines for Main Tillage

Bozhko I.V., Parkhomenko G.G., Kambulov S.I.

Abstract

Introduction. The use of the equations of statistics and dynamics is insufficient to solve the problem of equilibrium of agricultural aggregates, and additional efforts are required that in turn significantly increases the complexity of relevant research. Known studies are characterized by the fact that when analyzing the stability of the tillage machine, on the basis of the equilibrium condition, a standard plow body is considered as a working body.
Materials and Methods. In this study, a variety of methods was used to determine equilibrium conditions for a system of converging forces in an analytical or geometric form. The equilibrium conditions were determined for the mounted five-case combined machine made soilless tillage. Analytical determination of the equilibrium conditions for the system was through the preparation of equilibrium equations. A graphical definition of the equilibrium conditions was obtained by constructing power polygons for vertical and horizontal projection planes.
Results. As a result, it was found that tillage machines have an excessive number of bonds (supports). There is defined a condition for the balance of forces acting on a tillage machine with working bodies for layer-by-layer subsurface tillage, having twelve connections: five field boards with two connections each and two support wheels one at a time, the perceivable responses from the interaction with which should be positive.
Discussion and Conclusion. According to the results, it is noteworthy that modern agricultural machines are multi-operation statically indeterminate systems. As a result, the process of their regulation during operation is complicated and it is practically impossible to make power calculations without accepting additional conditions. For simplification, accuracy and most visual representations, the problem was solved by analyzing closed force polygons, the construction method of which is presented for both the equilibrium conditions in horizontal and vertical planes.

Engineering technologies and systems. 2019;29(4):578-593
pages 578-593 views

The Experimental Determination of Optimum Parameters of the Equipment for Processing Grain in Preparation for Grinding

Anisimov A.V., Rudik F.Y.

Abstract

Introduction. Modern technology of grain processing pays special attention to the qualitative and efficient preparation of grain for milling. At small enterprises with a reduced technological process, this is almost the only way to improve product yield and quality. Without proper multi-stage preparation of grain for milling at small enterprises, it is impossible to achieve the required quality and quantity of products produced by industrial mills. Grain peeling is one of the most effective ways to clean the surface from dirt and remove outer shells. The removal of outer shells allows increasing the yield of high-grade flour at reduced milling diagrams. 
Materials and Methods. To determine optimal conditions for grain processing in the peeling and drying machine, the method of extreme planning of the experiment was applied. The method of random balance was used to select the most significant factors based on their influence on the optimization parameter. The method of steep ascent on the response surface was used to find the optimum area (the planning matrix was realized and statistical analysis of results and steep ascent on the response surface was carried out). Verification of the results was carried out on the software Statistica 10.0.
Results. On the basis of experiments, a mathematical model of the technological process of wheat processing in the peeling and drying machine there were obtained, which linked the structural and mode parameters of the machine with the humidity of the treated grain. The results of the experiment confirmed the operability of the developed machine when working with high-humidity grain; they are fundamental for the machine’s further modernization.
Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the controlled factor dispersion diagram allowed us to select the most significant of them based on influence on the selected optimization parameter, the white flour color obtained from the treated grain. 

Engineering technologies and systems. 2019;29(4):594-613
pages 594-613 views

Analysis of Work Parameters of the Device for Hydraulic Removal of Weed Vegetation

Khort D.O., Izmaylov A.Y., Smirnov I.G., Filippov R.A., Kutyrev A.I.

Abstract

Introduction. The justification of parameters and introduction of new environmentally friendly technologies and technical means for weed control in the stalk zone is a pressing issue of major economic importance. The aim of the study is to justify the effective modes of operation trailer machine for the hydraulic removal weeds on the industrial plantation of horticultural crops.
Materials and Methods. According to the analysis of existing technologies and technical means for weed vegetation removal from the stalk zone of garden plantings, a device for hydraulic removal of weed vegetation without the use of herbicides has been developed at Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. 
Results. The statistical analysis of the factor experiment data showed that the following operating modes of the device are the most effective for performing the technological operation of hydraulic removal weeds: the distance between the soil and the spray head is 14.5 cm, the working fluid supply pressure is 759 bar, the movement speed is 2.4 km/h. The static treatment mode for estimating the penetration depth of the jets with exposures of 10, 5, and 3 sec showed a penetration depth of 62, 34 and 12 mm, respectively. The diameters of the track were: In the first case 350 mm external and 330 mm internal (cutting width 24 mm); in the second and third cases – 340 mm for the outer and 328 mm for the inner (cutting width 16 mm).
Discussion and Conclusion. As a result of the experiment, it was established that the machine is able to provide high-quality processing stalk zone when using water from the central water supply. After the unit cultivated the soil, 90% which was covered with weeds, only 20–30% of the visible green mass remains, the rest is mixed with the soil. 

Engineering technologies and systems. 2019;29(4):614-634
pages 614-634 views

Improvements in Broom Corn Harvesting Process

Rjadnov A.I., Fedorenko V.F., Fedorova O.A., Mishurov N.P., Davydova S.A.

Abstract

Introduction. Solving the problem of harvesting broom corn (Sorghum vulgare var. technicum) with minimal expenditure of labor and resources, and high quality is possible through improving existing or developing new processes and equipment for harvesting. At the same time, the proposed new processes and equipment should ensure the reduction or complete elimination of the share of manual labor.
Materials and Methods. The methodological basis for choosing an effective process for harvesting broom corn was the theory of efficiency of technical systems. According to it, the latter is estimated using the value of a complex criterion that includes a set of particular indicators and their relative importance.
Results. It is proposed to evaluate the efficiency of the broom corn harvesting process according to a complex criterion that takes into account particular indicators and their relative importance. A developed process for harvesting broom corn includes: threshing of standing broom corn in the direct flow offset threshing chamber of a combine harvester with simultaneous mowing of the threshed plants using the combine harvester thresher; collecting the threshed and mown plants in the tractor trailer and the threshed grain in the hopper; transportation of threshed and cut plants to the place of storage; and stacking of threshed plants with drying them using active ventilation. Based on experimental studies, the values of all the studied particular indicators and their coefficients of relative importance were determined.
Discussion and Conclusion. The calculated values of coefficients K* 1 and K* 2 for the existing
and proposed processes for harvesting broom corn were used to determine the complex performance criterion, which is φ(Wi ) = 15.54 for the existing process and φ(Wi) = 2588.75 for the proposed one respectively. According to the complex criterion, the proposed harvesting process is more efficient than that currently used more than 160 times.

Engineering technologies and systems. 2019;29(4):635-651
pages 635-651 views

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