卷 6, 编号 22 (2020)

We analyze the signs of the changed world in which a modern, changing human lives. We list some of the most significant types of changes associated with scientific and technological progress and its impact on human life and the functioning of his language. Particular attention is paid to the new information environment in which speaking human is immersed, and its impact on the human himself and his language, on altered communication styles. All types and forms of altered human communication are described in detail under the influence of a communicative environment altered in dynamics: accelerated communication, clip-like consciousness, expressiveness, emotionality, deverbalization, transition to communication with meanings, transformation and deformation of human, as homo sapiens. The main conclusion is the deecologization of both the changing world and the communicants in it, as well as their language. We reveal the main characteristics of the altered communication, in which many aspects of the language are reflected: intonation, orthoepy, accentology, spelling, punctuation, vocabulary, syntax. We emphasize the dominance of negative emotions in all sorts and types of communication and the positivity of a changing era, where the digital world holds a huge place: digital transformations, digital economy, digital television, artificial intelligence, cybernetics, robotology.

The analysis of the problem of the relationship among folk, authors’ folk and authors’ literary tales with linguistic consciousness types is presented. The analysis results indicate that the texts of fairy tales are linguistic representatives of creative (artistic) consciousness and correlate with types of concepts. Folk tales reflect the creative potential of everyday consciousness and represent the folklore concept. Authors’ folk tales are interpretative tales that reflect the syncretic (collective and individual, folk and author’s) consciousness and implement the folklore and literary concept. The literary fairy tale itself is a textual representative of its author’s individual artistic consciousness and the reached artistic concept. It is important to take the form of fairy tales’ household into account – oral (folk tales) and written (author’s literary tales), their relationship with the subject (storyteller or author) and focus on the object (listener or reader). This determines the variability and non-variability of fairy tales. Types of linguistic consciousness are associated with the language: in folklore tales, folk language that is not processed by masters is used, in author’s tales, literary language that implements an individually authors’ system of language means is used. In folk tales, traditional folk poetry is presented, in author’s tales – traditionally artistic and artistic poetics. The individual style of folk tales is traditional for folklore and the individual style of literary tales is individually authors’.

The research is devoted to the analysis of the word formation peculiarities of the vocabulary expressing the idea of Christianity and the creed in the Russian language and its dialects, with priority attention to the dialect group of South Russian Tambov dialects. The aim of the study is to analyze the creative word-formation potential of the investigated lexicon, which defines a new approach: identifying the original derivational base in the historical projection, a variety of methods of derivation, description of motivational semantic relations. The word-formation potential and the structure of Christian vocabulary units are traced with priority attention to the dialect group of South Russian Tambov dialects. In the course of scientific development of the data the originality of dialect word-making is revealed, typical word-formation models in lexical and semantic groups are analyzed, the dominant influence of the historical old Slavic and Russian traditions and the interdependence of language and national mentality are evidently determined. Lexical realizations, the situational use of which sometimes presents unexpected contexts, demonstrates the self-value of studying the “religious” macro-field of vocabulary in the dialect “version”, and the dominant position of language in the formation of the national worldview. The facts prove the extreme importance of explication of the tradition of the creed in the main system and subsystems of the national Russian language. The basic empirical base is the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by V.I. Dal. The analyzed array of lexical units is formed from this source and compared with the data of other dialect dictionaries reflected in the bibliography. The reference point for the detection of units of Christian vocabulary by V.I. Dal was the dictionary litter “folk-church”.

We consider the system of proper names in the early little-known poem by A.T. Tvardovsky “Exordium” (secondary title “The Journey of Vasily Petrov”), which was written by a young poet as preparation for the creation of the famous “The Land of Muravia”, which brought him all-Russian fame. It is proved that the text published in the journal “Nastupleniye” in 1932 is an authorial poetic text, revealing the difficulties of the first time of collectivization. It is shown how the great master of words worked on naming characters, expressing with the help of onomastic vocabulary his assessment of the characters and events. We reveal the nomination motives, which trace the role of onyms in the implementation of the ideological and thematic plan of the work. Using the analysis of onomastic units and their semantic environment, it is shown how A.T. Tvardovsky developed methods of researching proper names in his creative laboratory, which became a kind of master class for many representatives of the Smolensk Poetry School, highlighted by the famous Soviet critic A.V. Makedonov back in 1960. The principle of biography and chronotopy is substantiated, in the light of which all the work of the great poet developed further. Conclusions are made about the significance of the early poem in the context of further work with proper names. The material of this work deepens the study of the early poetic work of A.T. Tvardovsky, one of the great Russian poets of the 20th century.

This research is devoted to the study of historical toponyms of the town of Nerekhta, Kostroma Region. The onyms chosen for analysis are from the town’s medieval period associated with the territory’s oldest trade – salt production and saltworks – now lost. Those include names of saltworks Redensky pochinok and Sovkova Movka, that survive in historical documents and are also found in the scientific book of Mikhail Diyev «The History of the Town of Nerekhta». To date, these names have disappeared from the town’s toponomicon due to lack of topicality. Detailed lingual and etymological analysis of the lexical units, which are part of historical toponyms, allows to identify some common features characteristic of Slavic onyms, to establish the territory of their distribution, to trace the transformations they underwent, to identify certain processes of language and ethnic origin of the territory under study; the latter, in turn, helps cast a light upon the history of settlement of Slavs of the previously Finno-Ugric, presumably Merya, lands.

This work is devoted to the research of onym's essence as a linguocognitive, linguocultural and pragmatic sign. The problem of the research is relevant due to the insufficient knowledge about the essence of proper name, determination of its place in the system of nominative and cognitive signs, and incomplete identification of its speech and language nature. The purpose of the work is to consider the proper name “Abai” as a precedent phenomenon. We establish and present the linguocognitive, cultural and pragmatic essence of the phenomenological personality's name, which allows us to reveal various knowledge about the Kazakh enlightener, assess his personality, analyze of the language and culture native speakers’ attitude to the poet. We use an integrated methodological paradigm based on anthropocentric, cognitive and functional principles. Within its framework we use knowledge from various sciences (cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, pragmatics, communicative linguistics). We prove the verbal and linguistic, cognitive and culturological essence of the onym “Abai”. We draw conclusions about the precedent of this onyme. Applicable scope – linguistics, cognitive linguistics.

We center on the study of the phraseological units semantics from cognitive positions. In particular, attention is paid to information about person physical characteristics represented by phraseological units of the English language containing somatisms, as well as the names of food, clothing and furniture. As phraseological units representing information about physical characteristics we consider those units which represent information about the properties of the body and/or appearance of the human body. The aim of the study is to identify semantic features of these phraseological units, as well as to consider the cognitive mechanisms of their development. During the study of the given phraseological units semantics, the following semantic groups are distinguished: 1) the structure of the human body; 2) age; 3) appearance; 4) the physical/physiological characteristics of the person. In the course of studying the factual material, it is established that the main mechanisms for the development of the meaning of the studied phraseological units are cognitive metaphor, metonymy and metaphtonymy. It is concluded that when comprehending human physical properties, a reference is made both to the very conceptual field of HUMAN and to other conceptual fields involved in the processes of reinterpretation. These may include the conceptual fields FOOD, CLOTHING, FURNITURE, PLANT, ANIMAL.

The study is devoted to the issues of interinfluence of Russian and Karakalpak languages on a basis of borrowings by calquing. Borrowings of Russian words and word combinations by calquing specified as one of sources of enrichment of the lexicon of modern Karakalpak language. We analyze the features of some calqued terms. We characterize the ways of word formation by calquing method. Thematic directions and tendencies of forming of calques are highlighted. The process of calquing is shown in the light of historical development of society in different periods. Words and word combinations calqued from Russian into Karakalpak language, are subdivided on morphology-syntactic and semantic structure. Full and semi calques are analyzed. Various forms of perception in the Karakalpak language of word combinations of the Russian language by calquing are indicated. Some peculiarities of structural and semantic calques in Karakalpak language are discussed. Calqued lexical units are considered from the point of morphological structure. We analyze the calques formed by some suffixes. We characterize the linguistic phenomena occurring in the language during calquing using prefixes. We also discuss the problems of calquing in Karakalpak language of compound words from Russian languages, analyze the calques formed in Karakalpak language as the result of this process. We indicate the ways of forming semantic calques: determinologization, terminologization, conversion. The main factors of the semantic calquing appearance in the Karakalpak language are identified and substantiated.

We consider the problem of mutual relationships between Rus and a Polovtsian Plain, poetry, science and politics in the aspect of universal comprehension and in the aspect of Soviet ideology in comparison with the features of well-developed capitalism, revolutionary (dogmatic) socialism and evolutionary socialism, based on the content of two books with the same title “Olzhas and I”, which were published in Moscow in 2016 and in 2018 in the publishing house “Khudozhetvennaya literatura”. The books are devoted to the investigation of multi aspect creative activity of a poet, linguist, historian, philosopher, diplomat, public and state figure Olzhas Omarovich Suleymenov. The books consist of 167 articles (96 articles in the first book and 71 articles in the second). The authors of works express their points of view on many issues, which were investigated by O.O. Suleymenov, as in the book “Az and I”; on investigation in the field of language history (the study of Turkic languages, Slavic studies, etc.), which were also showed in his other books; on poetry; on diplomatic and political activities, that are characterized with universal orientation, concern for environment and human beings; on anti-nuclear activity in closing the nuclear test site near Semipalatinsk in Kazakhstan. Authors of articles are citizens from different regions of the world: from Asia, Europe, America. In all the articles mentioned above Olzhas Suleymenov is regarded as an outstanding person, a great poet and a scientist, who with the help of contents of his book “Az and I” and content of his performances at the meetings of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and other state and public forums promoted regeneration of human consciousness towards dogmatism in science and politics of the USSR, which led to its collapse, although wasn’t O.O. Suleymenov’s intention. Linguistic, poetic, historical and philosophical way of thinking, brilliant talent, bilingualism and multilingualism, courage of mind and actions, universal inferences mark out Olzhas Suleymenov as a great poet, scientist and philosopher in the modern world, and a Pro-Human, who is able to predict the future.

The specifics of the diary as a genre of literature is considered. An attempt is made to understand the genre nature of the diary and identify the characteristic features of its narrative structure. Turning to the diary entries of Bakhyt Kairbekov, we analyze the subspecies of the diary as a genre and pose the question of the intertextual specifics of the poet’s diaries. We reveal such characteristic features of the narrative structure of diaries as chronology, dating, aphorism, dialogics, evaluation. It is proved that the specific form of the diary is one of the individual style of a artistic person who realizes his abilities in various fields of artistic work. We establish that the diary form of writing is characterized by a number of features that can be implemented to a greater or lesser extent in each diary: 1) the frequency, regularity of recordings; 2) the relationship of records with current, and not with long-past events; 3) the spontaneous nature of the records; 4) literary rawness of records; 5) addresslessness or uncertainty of the addressee; 6) the intimate and therefore sincere, private nature of the notes.

The research deals with a specific “Bondarev’s” feature of the human characters study in holistic poetical and philosophical space of his works about war, the author’s position, his manner of artistic thinking, the formation of his own, individual author’s worldview, which is based on deep traditions of Russian classical artistic and philosophical thought, outgoing to the works of A.S. Pushkin, F.M. Dostoevsky and L.N. Tolstoy. The “touches" of understanding of the so-called Bondarev’s “spiral” are presented, its main features are formulated. In the aspect of the spiritual and cultural paradigm, the behavior of some Y.V. Bondarev’s heroes is conceptualized in a situation designated by him as “either-or”, dating back to traditional Russian spiritual conflict of “eternal destruction or eternal salvation”.

We consider the phenomenon of global processes arising as a result of the English language popularity growing in Russian reality and linguoculture. Using the studying the linguistic landscape method, the penetration of English-speaking countries’ cultural elements into media landscape and everyday life in the Far East of Russia is analyzed. To study the contact of the languages on the subject of crosscultural and interlinguistic interaction, the languages of the peoples of a certain territory of Russia and foreign languages are taken into account. As a result of the observations and analysis of the linguistic landscape obtained factual material in Russia’s eastern cities, the study proves the interaction of languages and cultures, shows the tendency of the English language dominance and the trends of the English-speaking countries. Moreover, the phenomenon of the Glocal English has been observed and confirmed by the unique combination of the global and local in the studied territories, while national and territorial (ethnical) peculiarities are taken into account. In addition to interlanguage, the crosscultural interaction have been studied, namely, the elements of western cultures and customs are investigated. Due to globalization a lot of western cultural and business traditions have been incorporated into the Russian reality (ways of spending free time, holding events, holidays, ways of running business or trade). To prove the global character of the current trends, the study provides the examples of these phenomena in the remote regions from the European and English-speaking countries – in the Far East of Russia (Baikal and Transbaikal Territory).

The study is dedicated to the memory of Professor Nadezhda Gainullina. The aim is to show the role of professor N. Gainullina in the study of the Russian literary language history. N. Gainullina’s research interests focused on the literary language of the Peter the Great’s era. Her Ph.D. thesis and doctoral research, articles and monographs contain a deep understanding of the role and place of Peter the Great in the history of the Russian literary language. N. Gainullina defined the term “creative linguistic personality” and introduced it into science. She established the place, role and significance of the epistolary genre in the history of the Russian literary language. She described the nature of the epistolary genre evolution under the influence of extra-linguistic and intralinguistic factors. It is approved that conclusions reached by N. Gainullina, have important theoretical value. The results of N. Gainullina’s scientific activity differ because of their novelty, theoretical and practical relevance in researches on the history of the Russian literary language.