卷 19, 编号 4 (2023)

With the development of digital technologies and the increase in the volume of personal data, there is a growing need for strong privacy tools to protect against potential harm, such as identity theft, cyberharassment and discrimination. In recent years, blockchain technologies (or DLT distributed ledger technologies) have become widely known due to their huge potential for the single digital market. At the same time, discussions about the combination of blockchain technology and the protection of personal information are gaining momentum. At the international level, the influence of blockchain has gone beyond the financial sphere and began to spread to many other areas. While affirming the prospects of using blockchain in the field of personal information, we cannot ignore some contradictions between the technological rationale of a formal blockchain and the existing legal norms for protecting personal information. This article will present a number of discrepancies between the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (which entered into force on November 1, 2021) and blockchain technology in terms of rethinking the concept of «personal information», identifying various «personal information operators», «personal information processing» in the blockchain and the role of users in the blockchain.

The article notes the objectively determined need for digitalization in the field of the use of atomic energy, its growing role in the development of innovative nuclear energy technologies, and identifies the problems caused by the widespread use of digital technologies in this area. The current state of the national legal regulation of digital transformation in general, and in the energy sector in particular, has been studied. Based on the assessment of the impact of digital transformation on international legal regulation in the field of the use of atomic energy, the author made an attempt to identify features that reflect its structural changes at this stage. It is concluded that international nuclear law responds in a timely manner to the rapid development and spread of digital technologies, which is manifested in its adaptability to changes, increased hybridization of legal regimes and the impact on values, as well as their interconnection and conditionality. The high pace of digital transformation of the legal regulation of the area under consideration requires regular comparative legal research in order to determine its scale and identify relevant changes.

Purpose of the study. The purpose of writing a scientific work is to study the foreign experience of legal regulation of the state protection of poor citizens in certain foreign countries. This topic, although it has received some development in the pages of legal literature, however, has not been comprehensively studied. The paper analyzes the norms in the field of social protection of such countries as Sweden, Great Britain, Germany, France, Denmark, China, Japan, South Korea. Conclusions. Exploring the legal basis for the state protection of poor citizens in certain foreign countries, it was stated that at the moment the leaders in the implementation of social policy are certain European countries, as well as South Korea, Japan and some other countries. Each of them has developed its own social security system, regulated by basic regulatory legal acts.

The article is devoted to a new phenomenon in the sphere of relations between business, the state and civil society—the rating of social responsibility of business. The evolution of ideas about the rating and rating classifications is traced, the definition of the rating of social responsibility of business is given, its structure and the prospect of using it for the purpose of wider involvement of business in solving environmental, social and governance problems in the sustainable agenda are considered.

This article is devoted to the analysis of the correlation between the processes of digitalization which takes place in the sphere of housing and communal services with the rights and freedoms of citizens in Russia, their legitimate interests guaranteed by the Constitution and legislation of the Russian Federation. The article discusses the main trends inherent in the processes of digitalization of the housing and communal sector, analyzes legal regulation, scientific doctrine, law enforcement in the context of the using the state information system of housing and communal services. The study analyzes the scientific literature, draws conclusions about the problems of legal regulation on the basis of various sources, outlines the prospects for the development of digital services in the field of housing and communal services, analyzes and summarizes the approaches of various specialists in this field. Also, in the course of the work, the basic principles, fundamental norms that must be taken into account in the digitalization of public services for ensuring the rights and legitimate interests of citizens are identified.

The purpose of the study. In the presented article, it is proposed to pay attention to a rather relevant aspect in the implementation of rights to land plots that are in state and municipal ownership, namely, the main problems are identified when bidding in electronic form. At present, the role of the land has increased significantly, therefore, the formation of certain conditions for the legal regulation of the use of this object is required. Results. The author, by revealing the main changes in the legislation in the area under consideration, reveals the features and shortcomings of the procedure for conducting electronic trading. The lack of practical application of this form of bidding creates certain problems that need to be solved not only by the legislator, but also by the organizers of the bidding. This is necessary in order to avoid organizational problems and reduce the complexity of their implementation for a certain group of participants, for example, elderly people or remote farmers.

The purpose of the study. In this article, the author raises the question of the need for trust management of LLC shares in the context of enforcement proceedings. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the relationship between the rights and obligations of the recoverer, the debtor, the other participants of the company and the company itself. The problems of judicial authorization in relation to foreclosure on the share of LLC are considered. Results. In the article, the author proposes to supplement the legislation with provisions on the trust management of LLC shares at the stage of enforcement proceedings, which can contribute to the effective implementation of the rights of the claimant and the protection of the interests of the company's participants.

Fraud is a crime that is characterized not only by a large number of committed acts, but also by a variety of illegal practices. Criminal legislation establishes in detail the responsibility for various types of fraud, depending on the methods of their commission and the specifics of social relations in which they are distributed. However, there are still many discussions regarding the criminal law framework for combating fraud. Despite the close attention of law enforcement agencies to the stated issues, in practice there are various difficulties in investigating fraudulent activities in modern realities. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the current problems of fraud investigation in the Russian Federation. The author comes to the conclusion that in cases of fraud under Art. 159 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, a fairly large number of investigative actions are carried out, which are the main way of collecting evidence. Organizational and tactical features of a fraud investigation are directly related to the circumstances of a particular case. Attention is focused on the fact that the investigation of fraudulent activities requires comprehensive training of law enforcement officers, which, among other things, is feasible through consultations with specialists and experts. The relevance of a number of problems for the process of investigating fraud, which must be addressed in order to increase the efficiency of the detection of relevant crimes, is noted.

The article analyzes the experience of various countries in the use of criminal law measures to counter violations related to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as the forgery of vaccination passports and false vaccination. Having analyzed the examples of struggle and punishment in different jurisdictions, the author considers the possibilities of applying these approaches in the Russian Federation in case of possible future outbreaks and aggressive mutations of the virus.

Currently, a large-scale sanctions policy is being pursued against the Russian Federation. It is aimed at a comprehensive limitation of international economic and political interaction. Despite the fact that sanctions are of an economic nature, their impact is much more multifaceted. Currently, the development of illegal practices of various directions under the conditions of external sanctions pressure is clearly demonstrated, which is also relevant for the formation of circumstances that contribute to the transformation of corruption manifestations in Russian society and the state. The purpose of the present study is to analyze the actual problems of combating corruption in the Russian Federation under external sanctions pressure. The authors come to the conclusion that the features of combating corruption in the context of external sanctions pressure are associated with the transformation of the illegal practice of the above-mentioned direction, which is actively carried out in the process of the influence of circumstances formed as a result of the implementation of the sanctions policy by many foreign countries as a response to geopolitical processes, currently taking place in the post-Soviet space. Ignoring these circumstances can lead to an increase in the number of acts committed and the amount of damage caused as a result of the corresponding illegal behavior. The problems identified in the presented study are of a pronounced practical nature, and therefore their prompt solution will positively affect the effectiveness of ongoing anti-corruption activities and will reduce the impact of the sanctions policy of foreign states on the development of illegal practices of corruption in the territory of the Russian state.

The article analyzes the legal nature of the agreements of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the sphere of international relations and foreign economic activity. Using analytical methods, formal-legal and historical-legal approaches, the author has come to a number of conclusions of practical importance for the improvement of federal relations in the field of coordination of international activities of Russian regions. In particular, the problem of ensuring control over such forms of international interaction as agreements and other bilateral acts of international cooperation between the subjects of the Russian Federation and foreign partners is posed.

The purpose of this study is to examine the institutional approach to the role of the state in the modern economy. Based on the analysis of various approaches to the study of this phenomenon, the paper formulates the following conclusions. It has been established that the modern stage of economic development is characterized by a revision of the assessment of the role of the state in regulating the market. It is shown that the state at the same time stabilizes the institutional environment and initiates its changes. It is argued that the state form of management of large communities by establishing and changing the rules of economic activity by minimizing transaction costs is the most common today. It is determined that the key results of state regulation of the economy are the support of innovation activity, promotion of scientific and technological progress, creation of conditions conducive to a favorable investment climate, development of various social programs. It is shown that state participation in socio-economic processes should be balanced and effective, and excessive intervention can lead to corruption and restrict competition.

The subject of research in the article is the institutional conditions for digital integration in the Russian industry. By «institutional conditions», the authors mean the legal and regulatory conditions or environment for digital integration. The goal is to develop the classification of digital integration documents in the Russian industry for their presentation in a structural format convenient for analytical work. It is proposed to include among the features of the classification: the functional purpose of the document, the degree of its focus on the industry and the degree of its focus on the digital sphere. On the basis of the proposed classification features, the authors structured an array of legal documents of digital integration in the Russian industry. The resulting structural design includes three blocks of documents, identified on the basis of «functional purpose of the document». The first block covers the key documents that form the institutional and target aspects of digital integration in the Russian industry. The second block consists of key documents that form the institutional conditions for digital integration in the Russian industry in the field of planning, programming and forecasting. The third block included key documents that establish legislative norms, rules and standards related to digital integration in the Russian industry. Within each block, the documents are structured according to their degree of industry and digital focus. It is concluded that the use of the proposed classification features makes it possible to streamline and systematize a vast array of digital integration documents in the Russian industry, presenting it in the form of a visual structural-tabular structure, convenient for analytical work. The study is based on methods of classification and structural analysis, as well as generalization and interpretation of scientific and regulatory information.

The article discusses the features and objectives of the technological development of Russia in response to the sanction’s threats of non-friendly countries on the basis of state support. The concepts of «technological sovereignty» and «import substitution» are being clarified in accordance with the approved Concept of technological development for the period up to 2030, prepared taking into account the proposals of Russian business. A stable exchange rate policy to strengthen the ruble is recommended for technological development. Measures of state support for investment activity based on taxonomy are described.

The fragmentation of the study of foreign experience in the issue of methodology for stress testing the region and assessing resilience to crisis situations will determine the relevance of the article and is associated with a number of factors, including a variety of economic and political conditions, different methodologies, restrictions on access to information and the difference in estimated indicators. The article is devoted to the analysis and discussion of the approaches of the Nobel laureates in economics: Richard Thaler, Robert Schiller, Paul Krugman, Gary Stanley Becker, James Buchanan, to identify the features and distinctive conceptual aspects inherent in each of the researchers in the direct or indirect consideration of the topics covered in the articles. The article discusses and summarizes the key factors on which the stress-resistance of the regional economy depends.

The purpose of the research. The aim of the study was to develop a comprehensive model for assessing investment activity in tourism and recreation in the region. Based on the conducted research, the following factors determining investment activity in tourism and recreation were identified: the activity of investment processes; entrepreneurial activity; investment climate of the region; demographic processes; the degree of development of the institutional, administrative and legal system; personal and property security of the population; the level of development of the transport infrastructure of the region; competitiveness of the region; quality of municipal infrastructure. The evaluation model was tested on the basis of an analysis of investment activity in the tourism and recreation sector of the Krasnodar region. Results: Based on a comparative analysis with the regions of comparison (the Republic of Crimea, Stavropol region, Rostov region), the following conclusions were made: The directions of increasing the investment activity of the Krasnodar region in the field of tourism and recreation are: improving personal and property security of the population; development of communal infrastructure; development of transport infrastructure. The Krasnodar region faces the task of activating investment processes with the help of an integrated investment mechanism, including measures to maintain and develop the identified factors.

The purpose of the study is to create an electronic service for determining the status of a tax resident for individuals for the correct and complete calculation of personal income tax for citizens who have left the country. The basic concept of a tax resident, the grounds for the introduction of this service, the advantages of implementing this system are considered. The relevance is due to the fact that in recent years a large number of people have left the Russian Federation, some of whom continue to work for domestic organizations and receive income from Russian sources, without being fully taxed or not taxed at all on personal income, which leads to a shortfall in funds to the state budget.

The article shows that solar battery and storage battery systems are capable of providing up to 70% of the needs of the population of a country located in the «southern» region of the world in electric energy. In conditions of strong sun and favorable wind rose, small solar panels and wind generators located in private homes are ways to solve global government tasks of saturating the country with energy. The leading position in the world in increasing the pace of use of inexhaustible energy sources is occupied by the People's Republic of China. China and the leading states of Western Asia are united by the accelerated pace of development of inexhaustible energy sources. In some states of the Middle East, within the framework of the «road maps», large-scale financing of programs is carried out, including on the terms of public-private partnership, aimed at the development of solar and wind energy. In the countries of modern Western Asia, the number of sunny days per year is many times higher than the climatic conditions of Europe. This circumstance creates favorable opportunities for the deployment of both small and global solar power plants, the installation of wind generators. The richest source of clean energy in the Arab world with its vast deserts is the sun.

The main trend in the field of financial technologies (fintech) is their increasing influence on the global economic order, international relations, as well as changes in organizational and managerial decisions related to their development at the national level. The article proves that these processes are not just a «reassembly» of the financial system on a new technological basis¹, but have all the signs and forms of regular international financial integration. The active introduction of financial technologies into the practice of financial integration justifies the need for international cooperation in this area at a qualitatively different level, taking into account the convergence of technologies and the specifics of national models of fintech development. The results of the study of trends in international relations and forms of their coordination in the field of fintech development are presented: from the formation of intersectoral and interregional ecosystems to international agreements, alliances and coalitions. The stages of international financial integration and their corresponding forms and areas of coordination are highlighted.

¹ VTB presented a program for the creation of a financial system of the «Global South»—Газета.Ru | News (gazeta.ru)