No 1 (2023)

The article deals with some aspects of future technologies creating of the Russian agro-industrial complex. The focus is on a synergistic approach to the complex self-organizing technological systems for food production development. Issues in discussion are the prospect of a new industrialization of the agro-industrial complex (AIC); general principles and tasks of applied philosophy; dialectical spiral as a model of technology development; the dynamics of the agro-industrial complex technological systems development from the point of view of the dialectical method; features of the process of self-organization of AIC technologies as complex systems; analysis of directions for the development of agro-industrial complex technologies; interpretation of the Basic Laws of Dialectics in terms of the development of agro-industrial complex technologies in the 21st century; the feasibility and conditions for the creation of complexes "Agro-Food Technology" in the agro-industrial complex as a way to the Sixth technological order. Special focus is paid to the dialectical complication of AIC technologies.

The Laboratory of Genomic Research and Breeding and Seed Technologies of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Additional Professional Education "Russian Academy of Personnel Support for the Agro-Industrial Complex" presented an action plan for the development of biologized technologies for the agricultural plants cultivation in the conditions of technogenically polluted soils of domestic agrobiocenoses. The object of research is vegetable crops of domestic selection that are strategically important for the food security of the Russian Federation. The study results confirmed the hypothesis that the fungal microbiota is able to interact synergistically with probiotic bacteria, improving their survival, stimulating growth and increasing biodiversity and recovery of the saprotrophic soil microbiota. An original complex scheme has been proposed, which interconnects variety-specific features and primary seed production of new varieties for usage in biologized and organic farming technologies.

Mineral nutrition from all external factors has a leading role on the size and quality of the crop. The results of scientific research on the basis of the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnologies - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution FNAC VIM on the optimization of mineral nutrition in spring wheat crops are presented. All experimental studies were carried out on spring soft wheat crops of the Arsea variety. The variety is medium-ripened, highly productive, resistant to lodging and diseases. It has high and stable baking qualities over the years: protein 14-17 %, gluten content in flour 32-44 %, valuable wheat. The use of magnesium fertilizers made it possible to increase the productivity of the crop and form grain with high quality indicators. It was found that the use of magnesium fertilizers in all variants allowed to obtain additional harvests of spring soft wheat more control by 0.04-0.37 t/ha or 0.8-7.0 %. They also affected the formation of a productive stem by increasing it by 4.1-19.0 % or by 19-90 pcs/m2. Magnesium fertilizers also showed a positive effect on the formation of structural elements, the number of grains from the ear and the weight of grain from the ear increased by 2.3-7.4 % and 1.9-7.8 %, respectively. The mass of 1000 grains with the use of fertilizers increased by 0.9-4.3 % compared to the control. In our studies, in addition to crop productivity, the effect of fertilizers on grain quality was evaluated. The maximum dose of application of granulated Agromage to the soil (200 kg / ha) and subsequent additional top dressing on the sheet of Agromage Actimax at a dose of 6 l / ha allowed to improve the quality of products, the protein content in grains increased by 0.9 %.

Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology for more than 100 years has been the largest scientific, methodological, research, intellectual center, which concentrates scientific knowledge, skills, and abilities related to the cultivation of fodder plants. Strategic areas of research for the period of activity of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology, is the selection and seed production of fodder plants; meadow fodder production; field fodder production; development of technologies for procurement, storage and use of feed. The State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Russian Federation includes 227 varieties of forage crops (24 % of the total number of forage crops in Russia) bred by the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology, 57 varieties are released to all regions. Profound fundamental research is being carried out on meadow ecosystems, on the ontogeny of meadow grasses, and grassland technologies are being developed. Effective technologies for the restoration of degraded arid pastures and saline lands based on ecologically specialized plant species with extremely high salinity and drought resistance have been developed and put into practice. The total gene pool of halophytes and arid plants includes more than 1200 samples of 25 species. The result of bioresource and breeding work was the creation of 20 new varieties of drought-resistant fodder halophytes for arid territories from the families Chenopodiaceae, Tamaricaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae. Scientists of the Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production & Agroecology developed the scientific foundations of field fodder production. It is shown that fodder crop rotations are the most important means of increasing the productivity of arable land, combating drought, erosion and soil dehumification. Perennial grasses on arable land are the most important means of protection against droughts, the basis for restoring and maintaining soil fertility. Experimental data on the preservative efficacy of compositions of experimental enzyme multisystems in combination with bacterial preparations have been obtained.

The article presents the results of the results of the study of corn hybrids of various ecological and geographical origin according to economic traits. The research was carried out during 2019-2021 in the nursery of the competitive variety trial of the fodder production department on the experimental plot of vegetable rotation of the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute (FEARI) by the method of agro-climatic analogues as applicable to the extreme conditions of the Khabarovsk territory. The targets of research were 28 maize hybrids, 16 of which were selected by FEARI. The goal of research is сomparative assessment of the productivity of promising corn hybrids in conditions of risk farming zone in the Amur river region. The studied hybrids were divided into 2 groups: short-season hybrids (FAO - 150-199), 13 samples. The standard is the local selection Birsu hybrid. 2. middle-early hybrids (FAO - 200-299), 15 samples. The standard is released in the Khabarovsk territory Moldavian 215 SV hybrid. On average during the research period the grain productivity of most of the samples in the group of short-season hybrids didn’t exceed the characteristics of standard hybrid. Only Birsu (2-cob) hybrid stood out (+12.4 dt/ha). In terms of herbage and cob productivity almost all hybrids exceed the standard values (Birsu - 194,8; 106,6 dt/ha) by 9.7-126.2 and 9.0-29.49 dt/ha respectively. In the group of middle-early hybrids the Porumben 295 ASV x fertile restorer hybrid stood out. In terms of grain, herbage and cob productivity it exceeded the standard hybrid Moldavian 215 (59.7, 256.9, 110.4 dt/ha) by 31.7, 113.7 and 59.2 dt/ha respectively. Based on the research findings the selected by FEARI Alitet 2 advantageous hybrid was marked out. In terms of herbage productivity it exceed Birsu hybrid by 54.3% and in terms of cob productivity - by 26,1%. The hybrid is transferred to the state variety testing.

Broccoli cabbage Brassica oleracea L. var. italica is an economically important and widely cultivated vegetable crop, consumed both fresh and processed. To solve the problems of import substitution, the provision of high-quality varietal diversity of broccoli for agricultural producers in the middle zone of Russia and the Southern Federal District (SFD) comes first. Our work presents the results of the study of seven varieties and hybrids of broccoli, previously identified by productivity and commercial qualities. For the first time in the conditions of the northern dry subtropics of southern Dagestan, the content of dry matter, water-soluble polysaccharides, organic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant activity in fresh products were determined. The distribution of these substances by plant organs is shown. Broccoli samples with a high content of individual chemicals, as well as a set of characteristics that can be used as sources in breeding for an increased content of dry matter, water-soluble polysaccharides, organic acids, flavonoids and with high antioxidant activity, were isolated.

The article deals with topical issues of the development of the organizational and legal framework for water use in land reclamation. Land reclamation based on a developed reclamation and water management complex largely determines the increase in the efficiency of agriculture, ensuring the country's food security, meeting the needs of the rural population and the agro-industrial complex in water resources. At present, the provision of water resources is complicated by modern climate changes, which cause an increase in the aridity of the climate in the south of the European part of Russia. The performed zoning of the territory confirmed insignificant renewable water resources and high anthropogenic pressure on water bodies of the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories, the Republic of Kalmykia and the Rostov Region, which affects not only the volume of water resources available for irrigation, but also the quality. Significant physical deterioration of the structures of the reclamation and water management complex, reaching 80% or more, low values of the efficiency of reclamation systems determine significant unproductive water losses during irrigation. To normalize agricultural water use, ensure accident-free and uninterrupted supply of water of the required quantity and quality to the population and agricultural producers, develop and improve the efficiency of irrigated agriculture, it is important to improve the organizational and legal framework for water use in land reclamation. The principal directions of legal regulation of the development of land reclamation and water management of the country and regions are determined by the need to legally consolidate the transition to integrated water resources management in agriculture, improve existing legislative acts, standardize the rights and obligations of water users, determine the role of the state in the implementation of measures to modernize the water management complex. For the transition to a new technological level of management of the reclamation and water management complex of the agro-industrial complex, the introduction of water accounting systems and control over the use of water resources, the improvement of organizational principles for managing the operation mode of reservoirs to take into account the requirements of agriculture in the zone of insufficient moisture, audit of reclamation systems to assess their effectiveness and long-term planning of agricultural development based on land reclamation and other activities.

The creation of livestock complexes with the introduction of new methods of organization and technologies has led to a wide manifestation of technological stresses in cattle. Stress reduces the natural resistance and the level of humoral immunity, as a result of which conditions are created for the activation of conditionally pathogenic microflora, which leads to digestive disorders, respiratory diseases, decreased productivity, increased morbidity and mortality of animals. Therefore, the analysis of adaptive reactions of blood in cows under technological stress will allow us to assess the state of the body and timely develop measures to prevent emerging disorders. The marker of the general adaptation process is the blood system. The study of the content of leukocytes, erythrocytes, ATP in erythrocytes, electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes (EFPE) of cattle blood under technological stress.It was shown that in animals after technological stress there was a significant increase in the number of leukocytes on the 3rd- 14th day of the study compared with the control group of animals, the development of neutrophilosis, monocytosis and lymphopenia was noted. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin concentration, EFPE and ATP content after technological stress were lower compared to the control group for 3 days. Thus, to correct technological stress in cows, means are needed that increase the overall adaptive capabilities of the animal organism.