The word forms "minimum" and "maximum" in the aspect of gradual transposition into adverbs: core and hybrid zones

The paper presents the experience of a comprehensive semantic-grammatical study of the stages, features and limits of transposition of nominative and accusative forms of nouns into adverbs of measure and degree in the Russian language. Adverbialization is understood as a process of changing the differential features in the structure of word forms, gradually moving in typical contexts from nouns to adverbs. The results of the analysis of the zones of nuclear nouns and hybrid, substantive-adverbial formations, synthesizing in approximately equal proportions the properties of the interacting classes of nouns and adverbs during adverbialization, are presented. Using the example of the substantive word forms "minimum" "maximum", it is shown how, in different syntactic conditions, the proportion of features in the specified word forms changes as they move away from nouns and approach quantitative adverbs. The study used general scientific, general linguistic and special methods (comparison, generalization; structural-semantic, oppositional, distributional, transformational and componential analysis, linguistic experiment). As a result of the study, the main stages of adverbial transposition of the word forms "minimum" and "maximum" were established, representing the zones of the core of nouns, hybridity and periphery of substantive adverbs. Particular emphasis in the study is placed on the semantic and grammatical description of the word forms "minimum" and "maximum" when they explicate the features of nuclear nouns, as well as when combining the properties of nouns and adverbs in the status of hybrid formations. It is concluded that in the process of moving towards adverbs, the word forms "minimum" and "maximum" bypass the stage of the periphery of nouns and do not reach the zone of nuclear adverbs at the final stage of adverbialization. The transposition of the considered substantives into quantitative adverbs has an exclusively functional character: it does not lead to the formation of new adverbial words – lexical homonyms. The limit of their adverbialization is associated with the emergence of a special, adverbial type of use within the semantic zone of the original lexemes. The results of the study can be used in lexicographic practice, in compiling different types of dictionaries, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian grammar in secondary and higher education.

Russian language, grammar, noun, adverb, functional transposition, adverbialization, transitivity scale, core, periphery, hybridity