Functional-semantic features of "dynamic description"

The subject of the study is "dynamic description," which is realized in texts of the type "description" and "narration." The analysis focused on the principles that allow us to determine the functional-semantic characteristics of "dynamic description" in literary texts. To identify these characteristics, the following genres of the "description" type were analyzed: descriptions of a person's appearance or portrait and nature. "Dynamic description" has so far remained outside the attention of researchers, despite its enormous text-forming potential. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the status of such a type of text as "dynamic description" within the system of functional-semantic types of speech has not yet been defined, which predetermines the purpose of the work—to reveal the functional-semantic characteristics of "dynamic description" and to determine its place in the system of speech types using predicates with the semantics of states. In accordance with the set goal, a semantic-contextual method based on the analysis of stative predicates, as well as the method of observation and description of linguistic facts, was employed. The methodological basis of the research consisted of works dedicated to the problem of text theory (O. A. Nechaev, N. B. Bessmertnaya, I. R. Galperin, M. P. Brandes) and functional grammar (A. A. Potebnja, Y. S. Maslov). The novelty of the research lies in the attempt to assert "dynamic description" as a distinct type of speech at the center of the opposition "description/narration," and the specificity of the functioning of stative predicates denoting changes in physical, psychological, or emotional states that construct this textual phenomenon and allow for an expansion of understanding of their text-forming role and functional possibilities. The main conclusions of the conducted research are as follows: during the analysis of descriptive genres (portrait, appearance of a person, nature), four types of "dynamic description" were identified: description of rapid change of state; description of slow change of state; description of cyclical action; description of change of state; the functional potentials of "dynamic description" were identified. It was concluded that in literary texts, "dynamic description" is a fairly frequent phenomenon that requires thorough investigation of its nature and linguistic means.

fiction text, description, narrative, synchronologeme, diachronologeme, dynamic description, condition, statal predicate, static description, russian national corpus