卷 14, 编号 1 (2024)

It is known from sources and research literature that in the second half of the 16th–17th centuries, a significant number of interpreters and translators of the Tatar language, who were landowners from the Meshchera region, served in the Ambassadorial Prikaz (Office). However, their origin has not yet been analyzed in more detail. Based on previously obtained data, the author established that the translators were descendants of noble Siberian immigrants from the inner circle of Kuchum and the Kuchumovichs, as well as representatives of the most noble Meshchera princely families. All of them, through marriages, were in kinship and property to each other and provided protection when appointed to serve as employees of the Ambassadorial Office. The interpreters and villagers, apparently, for the most part came from ordinary Tatars. Their origin still remains unclear. At the turn of the 16th–17th centuries, their numbers increased at an explosive pace, but throughout the 17th century, for various reasons, a gradual decline in this category of employees of the Ambassadorial Office was recorded.

The article is devoted to the study of individual issues of the participation of serving Tatars in military events of the 1720–1730s. The author drew attention to the duties of the service "heterodox", mainly related to military specifics: harvesting ship scaffolding, working as carpenters and sawmills at the shipyard, performing the duties of accountants, translators, etc. The article examines in detail the organization of the deportation in 1724 of 5 thousand service Tatars, Mordovians and Chuvashs for the construction of fortresses in Baku, the Kura River and the fortress of the Holy Cross. Comparing information from the personal lists of service Tatars sent for the construction of fortresses along 4 roads of the Kazan district with the materials of the 2nd revision, the author tried to find out the further fate of the participants, establish the approximate number of irretrievable losses and those who returned, and came to the conclusion that a significant part of the service Tatars returned home.

This article examines the participation of the Tatars of Seitov Posad, who were in the class of Cossacks (Orenburg Cossack Army) and Bashkirs (Bashkir-Meshcheryak Army) in the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Foreign Campaigns of the Russian Army of 1813–1814. In particular, the combat path of the Seitov Tatars is examined, based on archival data, and information is provided on the number of Tatars who fought against Napoleon’s army. The ratio of the Karin Tatars of Seitov Posad by regiments and clans has been established. Most of the Seitovites were involved in the Foreign Campaigns of 1813–1814; the participation of the Seitov Tatars in the Patriotic War of 1812 was noted only in the example of the Cossacks from the Moldavian Army.

The purpose of this article is to reveal individual stories of the inclusion of Tatar translators and interpreters of the Orenburg Border Commission in diplomatic activities in the Khiva Khanate. Due to their duty of service and knowledge of oriental languages, interpreter Mukhamet-Sharif Aitov, translators Iskender and Suleiman Batyrshin performed communicative functions between the embassies of the Khiva Khan in Orenburg and the regional administration and accompanied the Russian diplomatic missions to Khiva and the Khiva embassies to St. Petersburg. The result of their diplomatic activities was scientific information about the internal political and international situation of Khiva, which allowed the regional administration and the Center to develop action strategies and make certain decisions. The article is based on archival documents extracted from the funds of the central archives of Kazakhstan and Russia, and historical literature.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the features of the formulary lists of the Tatar-Mishars who were part of the Bashkir-Meshcheryak army. Despite the lack of due attention to this type of sources in the scientific literature, information from them is of great interest in the context of the military history of the Tatars during the period of imperial Russia. Among the layer of specific documents, special mention should be made of the formulary lists about the service and dignity of military ranks, since they make it possible to form a social portrait and restore the service and combat path of the Tatar military man. At the same time, the source clearly shows the social differentiation of the Meshcheryaks. Thus, it was difficult for the sons of ordinary Cossacks and constables to move up the career ladder. Having studied the materials of the formulary lists, the author concludes that the service of the Meshcheryaks was predominantly linear in the period under review. A small part of the military personnel was involved in suppressing riots of the local population, and diplomatic and foreign service was sporadic.

This article is a study of the military experiences of World War I participant Habib Zaini (1890–1967). He fought on the Western Front as part of the 3rd Army and was an active public figure. He worked as a teacher at the Galia madrasah in Ufa before military mobilization. In the 1960s, H. Zaini wrote memoirs, which also include episodes about the war. His life at the Front was the period from August to October 1917. The author comes to the conclusion that H.Zaini’s materials reveal a different picture of the everyday life of a Tatar soldier, different from the traditional intersectional prism of Tatar soldiers. In preparing this article, the author used personal sources (autobiography, memoirs), as well as office materials from the 3rd Army and publications from the newspaper "Voice of the Third Army".

The article introduces into scientific circulation, investigates, and publishes a document on the history of noblemen and county servicemen of Likhvin, Solova, Borovsk, Vereya and Odoyev counties, "newly-baptised people" of Moscow, Borovsk, Maloyaroslavets, Serpukhov, Kaluga, Kolomna and Kashira counties and Tatar Cossacks of Borovsk county (the nominal list of the "noblemen of different counties who should serve in the guard regiment on Kropivna"). The nominal list studied in the article was deposited in the fund of the Military Records Office of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). The article gives an archaeographic description of the published document, and substantiates the proposed dating of the nominal list of military servicemen. The article describes the information potential of the nominal lists of service people. The article is addressed to specialists in social history, the genealogy of servicemen, including the "newly-baptised people" and Tatar Cossacks, and the source studies of clerical work documents.

The article introduces into scientific circulation, investigates, and publishes a document on the history of noblemen and county servicemen of Likhvin, Solova, Borovsk, Vereya and Odoyev counties, "newly-baptised people" of Moscow, Borovsk, Maloyaroslavets, Serpukhov, Kaluga, Kolomna and Kashira counties and Tatar Cossacks of Borovsk county (the nominal list of the "noblemen of different counties who should serve in the guard regiment on Kropivna"). The nominal list studied in the article was deposited in the fund of the Military Records Office of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). The article gives an archaeographic description of the published document, and substantiates the proposed dating of the nominal list of military servicemen. The article describes the information potential of the nominal lists of service people. The article is addressed to specialists in social history, the genealogy of servicemen, including the "newly-baptised people" and Tatar Cossacks, and the source studies of clerical work documents.

The publication presents a review of the monograph by the famous agricultural historian and ethnologist G.A. Nikolaev "The world of the Volga village in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries". The author notes the significant contribution of the author to the study of poorly developed issues in domestic historiography related to the implementation of the Great Reforms in the Middle Volga region, as well as their impact on the social and cultural development of rural residents, the processes of ethnocultural interaction of the peoples of the Middle Volga region in the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries, confessional situation in the Middle Volga in the era of capitalist modernization in the aspect of "friend or foe" relations. The high artistic and scientific level of the monograph, its novelty and relevance are emphasized.

The article is devoted to the scientific activity of a well-known scientist in Russia and abroad, a specialist in the field of ethnology, ethnosociology and ethnopolitology, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Fail Gabdullovich Safin. The paper analyzes the contribution of the scientist to the study of ethnosocial, ethnolanguage, ethnodemographic, ethnocultural and ethnopolitical processes, the dynamics of ethnic and linguistic identity of the peoples of Russia, including the Tatars of the Volga-Ural region. The works of the scientist devoted to interethnic relations in the Republic of Bashkortostan are also considered. The article provides information about the most important milestones from the biography of a prominent Russian scientist, his main scientific achievements.