No 1 (2025)

Background. Some approaches to solving the problem of ensuring technogenic safety based on the ideas of the functional-parametric direction of reliability theory are considered. Materials and methods. Formal formulations of some modifications of the safety task are proposed and one of the possible methods for solving the problemof reducing the risks of emergency situations is investigated. Results and conclusions. The proposed mathematical models can serve as the basis for solving problems of reliability and security management of complex responsible systems.

Background. Much research on artificial intelligence (AI) since its inception has been devoted to exploring a variety of problems and approaches for autonomous operation in application areas related to human health and life. The article is devoted to describing the origin of risks, systematizing the ways they manifest themselves in order to build systems for responsible purposes. Materials and methods. Since research in this area is not yet based on extensive implementation experience, the sources of risks discussed are a generalization of expert assessments of authoritative developers and are given as an example of autonomous weapons systems. Results. The main sources of risks and the trajectories of their development for various variants of cause-and-effect transformation have been identified. Conclusions. Directions for improving the processes of testing and debugging autonomous systems for critical purposes are formulated from the point of view of development and formation of application risks.

Background. The main requirements for mathematical models applicable to solving practical problems of modern engineering and technology are their accuracy and adequacy (i.e., non-contradiction with physical andchemical laws). To construct such models of systems of various physical and chemical nature, a method of mathematical prototyping of energy processes was proposed within the framework of mechanics, electrodynamics and modern nonequilibrium thermodynamics, which yields models that do not contradict general physical laws (the laws of thermodynamics, mechanics and electrodynamics) and the physical features of the system under consideration. To implement the equations of the above-mentioned method in numerical form, it is necessary to correctly specify, with an accuracy of experimentally studied constant coefficients, the state function for the properties of substances and processes. In particular, the state functions for interaction potentials, reduced inverse heat capacities and reduced thermal effects – the condition of the total differential of entropy and internal energies. The present work is devoted to specifying the above-mentioned state functions that satisfy the above-mentioned conditions. Matherials and methods. The synthesis of equations of the dynamics of physical and chemical processes is carried out on the basis of the method of mathematical prototyping of energy processes. The assignment of state functions for interaction potentials, reduced inverse heat capacities and reduced thermal effects is carried out by assigning independent components of the mentioned functions with subsequent integration of the necessary and sufficient conditions of the total differential of entropy and internal energies. The mentioned independent components are constructed by methods of identification theory, in particular by methods of symbolic regression. Results. The proposed method for specifying state functions for interaction potentials, reduced reciprocal heat capacities and reduced thermal effects gives correct state functions for the mentioned quantities. Conclusions. The proposed method for constructing state functions that satisfy the above-mentioned conditions of the total differential reduces the construction of a system model based on the method of mathematical prototyping of energy processes to the use of classical identification methods (in particular, symbolic regression methods).

Background. The content of approaches and technologies for the development of a conceptual model of a simulator system for the initial training of operators of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) is analyzed on the basis of a structural decomposition of a list of typical tasks of their professional activity. Materials and methods. The results of the structural and functional decomposition of the simulator training process and the analysis of its components are presented. Results and conclusions. The principles of determining the minimum composition of a complex UAS simulator from the point of view of the methodology of initial training are formulated. General approaches to the formation of initial practical training courses for UAS operators are proposed. The optimal forms and methods of controlling the level of operator skills formed during training are considered. A conceptual model of a simulator system for the initial training of UAS operators is proposed.

Background. Prolonged operation of gas pipeline shut-off valves leads to gradual wear of the sealing elements of ball valves and, as a result, to their leakiness. This is the cause of the vast majority of accidents at main gas pipelines and compressor stations. A technique has been developed to determine the presence of a gas leak and measure the amount of its flow in a crane when it loses its tightness by recording and analyzing the acoustic signal produced by gas flowing through a faulty crane assembly. Detection of a leak at an early stage allows timely preventive measures to eliminate it, keep the crane in working condition and avoid the consequences associated with emergency recovery operations. Materials and methods. To detect gas leaks in the shut-off valves of main gas pipelines by recording and analyzing the acoustic signal, the acoustic emission control method is used. The composition of the hardware of the device (flow sensor) designed to detect and determine the degree of gas leakage through the valve assembly of the pipeline fittings is analyzed. Results and conclusions. A description of the design variant and a block diagram of the gas flow sensor are proposed. The description of the operation of the device's software module and the flowchart of the algorithm are given. The conclusion is made about the necessity and relevance of using the proposed method for detecting gas leaks in shut-off valves of main gas pipelines.

Background. The studied direction of technology development (matrix structures integrated into distributed clusters and multifunctional intelligent pressure transducers based on matrix structures integrated into distributed clusters) is relevant and promising. Materials and methods. The paper developed generalized principles of construction of multifunctional intelligent pressure transducers, including those with dynamically switched measurement limits, based on matrix structures integrated into distributed clusters. Results. Based on theoretical studies, a structure of a multifunctional intelligent pressure transducer in the range from 0 to 50 bar was manufactured. At a pressure of 1 bar, the deviation of membrane 1 was 3.5 μm, membrane 2 – 0.3 μm. Conclusions. Experiments with the manufactured sample confirmed the validity of the calculations, including the linearity of the pressure sensor array.

Background. The probability of meteor automatic recording (facility response to the meteor appearance in the frame) as an indication of fast-moving meteor phenomena recording reliability is considered. Materials and methods. CCD cameras’ characteristics are analyzed, as well as linearity boarders of meteor magnitude photometric measurements are found. Results and conclusions. The results of assessing the probability of fast-moving Perseids meteors recording by the CCD system for different recording thresholds are presented. The recording probability comes up to 1 starting from the photometric curve linear part (approximately 2m) and sharply reduces when coming up to the recording threshold.

Background. It is shown that the mesodiagnostic apparatus allows solving problems not only of express assessment of the condition of materials and products, taking into account their current damage, but also to carry out resource and operational forecasting of changes in this condition. Materials and methods. A model is proposed that combines the results of mesodiagnosis of damage to the material of products with the residual resource of their reliable operation into a single functional complex. The main information and physical parameter of the model is the time of the mesodiagnostic operation, during which the diagnosed material reaches a critical level of damage. In particular, it has been analytically established that carrying out two mesodiagnostic operations at different times of operation of products makes it possible to unambiguously judge the value of its residual life. A distinctive feature of the proposed forecasting model is the absence in its structure of absolute values of damage to products, for example, the material of their surface layer. This circumstance emphasizes the generality and practical importance of the model in solving the corresponding tasks of predictive analysis of the functional quality of various materials and products made from them. It is noted that the main problem of the practical implementation of the proposed approach to operational and resource modeling is the choice of the most physically informative method of mesodiagnosis of damage to the material of products. As such a method, it is proposed to use an apparatus for energy-extreme hydrojet diagnostics, which has wide physical and technological capabilities for identifying condition parameters, including damage to the material of the surface layer of various products. Results and conclusions. The prospects for further use of the proposed mesodiagnostic approach and the model obtained on its basis, as well as its other functional modifications, are outlined. In particular, the realism of accelerated determination of the operational and technological characteristics of new materials through the development of appropriate engineering techniques was noted.

Background. The study is aimed at the analysis of state-of-the-art trends in the development of artificial intelligence and the nature of their impact on geopolitical processes, global and regional security. Identification and comprehending the origins of these trends is necessary when engineering effective technological solutions that ensure the achievement of national development goals of the state in the field of protecting its national interests in the cyberspace and maintaining the resilient operation of the related regional critical infrastructures. Materials and methods. A systems analysis of the current problems of digital transformation of the society as a result of the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in all spheres of public relations was carried out using open literary sources of scientific and technical information, including reports of federal executive authorities and reports of high-tech companies, and is based on a heuristic approach and expert judgements. Results and conclusions. The geopolitical consequences of digital transformation of the economy and management based on the application of artificial intelligence technologies in the socio-economic and military-political spheres are evaluated. Global risks and potential threats to the security and resilience of critical infrastructures that provide essential functions of society and the state when using artificial intelligence and autonomous self-organizing systems are disclosed and specified. The range of promising deployment directions of the AI-based program-technical tools for urgent applications is considered. The analysis outputs allowed us to specify the problem statements and make the rational choice of toolkit for the development of approaches, methods and technologies of explicable artificial intelligence for information support of interpretable decision-making on preventive management of critical infrastructure facilities and critical entities in order to improve their resilience under destructive impacts of artificially initiated nature.