No 6 (2023)

The paper presents the author’s scientific views on the current state of the world economy, its either Western or Eastern self-determination in the process of economic history.

The relevance of the research is determined by the transformation of relations between states, their strategic management and the development or stagnation of the business environment. The current situation poses the question of a civilizational choice for many countries: to join the BRICS, to declare their power in the G7, to determine their own independence or to be an observer.

The author, through the genesis of the “Eastern” economy, the “Russian Idea” and the development of the Chinese and Middle Eastern economies, makes conclusions on the further path of the Russian economy. Definitely, due to the limited volume of the material, the author considers the branches that refer to his scientific research interests and concepts.

The history of managerial and economic thought, as well as the genesis of public administration, allows to determine the prerequisites for a modern economy shaping. The drivers of the economy, to which the author refers China and the Persian Gulf countries, are transforming the business environment today. China is striving for a multi-polarity of the world, and the Arab Emirates are trying to ensure the future of generations through petrodollars, investing in trending industries and thereby forming a positive image of their actions, including mega-events.

For Russia, on the one hand, new opportunities are opening for the entrepreneurial environment development, its own entrepreneurial culture shaping, new areas of entrepreneurial activity, import substitution. On the other hand, in modern conditions it is impossible to do without programs and projects to support the business environment, and, at the same time, strengthen control over the production and sale of goods and services.

The article is rather conceptual, since it represents the author’s view of the current situation. Taking into consideration that the planning horizon today is limited to a mega-short-term period, the relevance of many scientific publications, in particular, J. Byrnes, [1], A. N. Shokhin [2], I. V. Guskova [3], A. L. Kudrin [4], M. Mazzucatto [5], may change with regular frequency.

The construction of a large-tonnage fleet is an important factor in the development of maritime trade and the economy as a whole. In recent years, Russian shipbuilders have faced a number of problems that negatively affect the pace of socio-economic development of the industry, do not allow to fully use its potential in the production of civilian products. The purpose of the article is to identify the main problems in the process of building a large–tonnage fleet in the Russian Federation, to indicate the prospects for the development of the industry. The main content of the conducted research is the analysis of statistical data on the number of ships produced, up-to-date information reflecting the current state of production capacities of shipbuilding and ship repair enterprises in Russia is presented, its own definition of the concept of «large-tonnage vessel» is specified and proposed for further use. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that the effective development of large-tonnage shipbuilding in our country is hindered by such problems as: high design and construction costs, a shortage of qualified personnel, lack of intersectoral cooperation, an acute shortage of ship components of domestic production, which negatively affects the pace of development of the industry due to the ban on the supply of products from unfriendly countries, a high degree of depreciation of fixed assets of shipbuilding industry enterprises. The lack of a systematic approach to solving these problems, the insufficient effectiveness of the existing mechanisms of interdepartmental and intersectoral interaction, negatively affect the results of the activities of shipbuilding enterprises and the development of their production potential, both in the current period of time and in the long term. In order to increase the volume of construction of large-tonnage vessels at the shipyards of the Russian Federation, it is necessary to allocate financial resources from the federal budget (or at the expense of the National Welfare Fund of Russia) for the modernization and production capacities of enterprises with the necessary competencies for the construction of large-sized vessels, implement a set of measures aimed at full utilization of production capacities through cooperation, provide preferential financing to manufacturers of ship equipment.

Innovative potential in modern conditions is a significant factor in the development of the regional economy. The problems of research of innovative potential are of particular importance, since its effective use affects the competitiveness of the region, the level of its socio-economic development and has a significant impact on the economy of the country as a whole. The purpose of the study is to identify the main factors hindering the formation and effective use of the innovative potential of the region. The object of the study were the tools that determine the innovative potential of the region. The results of the study are the substantiation of promising areas of practical use of the scientific and technical and technological potential of the region. The author paid special attention to the study of promising directions for the development of innovative potential based on the use of innovative structures. The prospects for further research in this area are due to the fact that for a country that sets itself the goal of ensuring economic growth, the use of the existing innovative potential of the regions is of particular importance. The solution of this problem requires the activation of scientific research on issues related to improving the quality of the use of the innovative potential of the region.

The article describes the theoretical basis for taking into account the complexity in solving problems of transport demand, the analysis of the concept of “self-organized criticality” is carried out. The problems of describing complex conduct in transport systems are solved, the prerequisites or causes of complex behavior are indicated, the traditional definitions of a “complex transport system” are formalized. Examples of some models demonstrating complex behavior in transport systems are given.

Objective: formulation of research directions in the theory of transport systems, which should be developed with the help of conceptual and mathematical devices of individual sciences, such as complexity theory, nonlinear dynamics, to solve problems of transport demand, accompanied by flows of various events and elements in transport macrosystems, to take into account the complexity of problems in the theory of transport systems in modeling the dynamics of transport demand.

Approaches used: development of mathematical models of nonlinear transport systems demonstrating complex behavior, including models with power-law distribution of system characteristics within the framework of self-organized criticality, as well as models demonstrating bifurcations.

Methods and (or) methodological apparatus of research: methods of the theory of self-organized criticality and synergetics, allowing to take into account the properties of a complex system.

The scientific novelty lies in the use of methods and approaches of the theory of self-organized criticality and complexity theory for a wide class of models of transport systems used in problems of transport demand and based on traffic flow models.

Directions for further research, recommendations: it is required to analyze real statistics of the behavior of transport systems that correspond to various states of the transport system, including complex behavior, as well as the formulation and solution of problems of the theory of transport macrosystems.

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the unresolved problem of failures of automobile engines, in particular, modern mass-produced engines of the KAMAZ-740.10, 7403 families, due to cranking of the connecting rod bearings, and the need for deeper studies of the processes and phenomena that lead to them, and the development of solutions that exclude them in operation.

The purpose of the study is to ensure the reliability of automobile engines by reducing the risk of crankshaft connecting rod bearings turning in operation by developing a method for studying their shape change and applying it when substantiating and implementing various design, technological and operational solutions.

A prototype is described and a developed method and device for determining the clearance in a connecting rod bearing, suitable for studying the formation of connecting rod bearings under engine test bench conditions. The prototype was a differential-type pneumatic device used in active control devices for honing cylinder liners. With the use of the described device, a method for studying the formation of connecting rod bearings under the conditions of bench tests of KAMAZ-740.10 diesel engines was developed and tested.

The use of new methods, devices and techniques makes it possible to investigate the patterns of shape changes of connecting rod bearings in relation to lubrication conditions, temperature and load conditions of the engine, and other factors.

The presented experimental results show that the gap in the connecting rod bearing is not stable, is caused not only by wear, but also by the resulting deflection of the liner, and significantly depends on the temperature regime of the engine - with an increase in oil temperature, the gap decreases due to an increase in deflection. The authors explain the formation of deflection and shape change of the liners by the loss of its stability from the action of loads and internal stresses under conditions of instability of the oil supply.

The results of experimental studies presented in the article have a scientific novelty, since a previously undescribed and not fixed decrease in the gap due to the deflection of the liners, which is formed immediately from the start of operation after the engine is assembled, is established, and its value is variable and determined by the temperature regime.

Practical significance – the developed method makes it possible to study the formation patterns of crankshaft connecting rod bearings to test the effectiveness of design, technological and operational solutions to prevent their turning during the operation of an automobile engine.

The main directions of promising research is the substantiation of practical solutions to ensure the stability of the shape of the liners during long-term operation of the engine.

The study is relevant due to the fact that the life of a modern person is permeated with fears, both real and virtual. A person cannot imagine his life without fear; even his own existence causes fear. Despite the fact that fear has always accompanied a man, at present, due to the increase in self-awareness and many other factors, in our opinion, fear is becoming the true basis of human existence in the world.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem of fear as the basis of human existence in various historical periods and, in particular, at the present stage of human development. The achievement of the stated goal was facilitated by the solution of the following tasks. 1. To analyze the evolution of philosophical ideas about fear in various historical periods. 2. Based on the analysis, to draw conclusions and show that the rethink of fear is carried out in the New Age, since this period is a turning point in changing the role of fear. It is at this time that its individualization occurs, and it acquires a pronounced social character. 3. Particular attention should be paid to the analysis of existential philosophy, in which fear is considered as one of the key foundations of human existence and the main companion of a man in the modern era. Human existence and fear become one whole, connected by an inextricable thread. The methodology of this study is based on a dialectical approach. This approach was implemented through the use of a set of research methods of induction, deduction, analysis, comparison and synthesis, which are of a general scientific character.

Analyzing the problem of fear in modern reality, we came to the conclusion that the XXI century is an era when fear begins to accompany an individual in his daily existence, becomes a mass phenomenon and is formed in the public consciousness through various information channels: the media, the Internet, expert opinion, etc. The modern world has also generated completely new types of fears, which are a direct consequence of technologization, informatization, and digitalization of society. The appearance of the “pandemic of fear” amid the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced our idea that in the XXI century fear has become the true basis of human existence.

The problem of intelligence has a wide research potential and attracts more and more attention of scientists and specialists in various fields. Today, the fundamental ideas about the structure and functions of intelligence in its natural (human) and artificial dimensions, the relationship of artificial intelligence with the natural in their unity and difference, are debatable.

The purpose of the article is to study intelligence as a paradoxical (largely contradictory) phenomenon, the task is to search for the essential foundations of intelligence, to strengthen the arguments in favor of the existence of two relatively independent types of intelligence, each of which has specific functions. The main method of research is dialectics in relation to the format of logical algorithms inherent in intelligence.

The main results of the article are the recognition of the paradoxical nature of human intelligence, due to the complex interaction of its positive and negative types (sides). In the process of historical evolution, the prevalence of one of the types of intellectuality is determined by the progressive or, on the contrary, counter-progressive course of social development. Now in one group of countries there is an average increase in the power of the positive functions of the intellect, in the other group, on the contrary, an increase in its negative components is clearly noted.

The novelty lies in the formulation and substantiation of the thesis that in the conditions of progressive social development, positive intelligence strengthens its position in comparison with negative intelligence. On the contrary, in conditions of stagnation and especially regression, the position of negative intelligence strengthens, which is expressed in the growth of schizophrenic deviations, various phobias, etc.

Directions for further research based on this work may include more thorough and differentiated studies of positive and negative intelligence, their unity and differences, and the dialectics of relationships in structural and functional terms in various historical eras, including the modern one. Along with this, questions of the essence, paradoxicality and inconsistency of intelligence can be useful to the developers of its artificial invariant.