No 1 (2025)

The article attempts to define the uniqueness of the leading trend in world philosophy of the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Moreover, the emphasis is placed on two important aspects of this uniqueness: the attitude of neo-Kantians to Kant and their persistent desire to begin the tradition of transcendental philosophy with the philosophy of Plato. In the attitude of neo-Kantians to Kant, the article highlights, first of all, four main features. The Kant of neo-Kantians is, firstly, historical Kant, secondly, systemic Kant, thirdly, Kant as the «spirit» of transcendental philosophy, an impetus for further development (to understand Kant means to go beyond him) and, finally, fourthly, modern Kant, helping to solve significant problems of our time. As for the significance of Plato for the entire tradition of idealistic transcendental philosophy, here the neo-Kantians are undoubtedly convinced that it was with Plato that the path of scientific philosophy began, the task of which is to clarify the conditions for the possibility of science in the knowledge of nature, man and society.

The emergence of a new type of society in the wake of the information and digital revolution – Society 5.0. – is accompanied by social polarization, contributing to the occurrence and spread of technocratic metaphors with their humanitarian interpretation, generally complicating the formation of new realities and hindering their perception. This began to manifest itself during a period of rapid transformations in monetary circulation, when the cryptocurrency turned into a full-fledged innovative narrative, prompting the authorities to take retaliatory measures to curb the backstage sector of alternative finance. At the same time, there is no holistic, definite and understandable vision of the vector of digital transformation of the payment and settlement space, there is no concretization of the concept, theoretical approaches are not detailed, there is no prototype of the tested solution, no White Paper has been published, a high level of secrecy of piloting results is recorded, etc. Under these conditions, phrases applied to the sphere of money circulation and containing the word «digital» in their formulations most often look like a technocratic metaphor to attract public attention. However, the formal enumeration of breakthrough technologies and the local selective nature of their use as a criterion for digital transformation do not reveal either the essence of the technologies themselves or the «breakthroughs» into society 5.0. The historical perspective of the causal relationship between the cryptocurrency industry and the digital currencies of central banks, as well as an interactive approach to improving the settlement and payment space, taking into account the change in customer-oriented concepts to human-centricity, allow us to identify existing technocratic metaphors regarding the legislative interpretation of the digital ruble and establish the dichotomy of the virtual settlement and payment space (separation into digital and electronic).

The vast territory of the Russian Federation is very diverse in terms of economic geography: the length from west to east is almost 10,000 kilometers, and from north to south – from 2,000 to 4,000, the terrain alternates with plains, ancient forests, mountain ranges and rivers that cross the Eurasian continent and create natural obstacles to movement around the country, the climate varies from sharply continental to moderate with a difference in average annual temperatures from subtropical Sochi to the pole of cold in Oymyakon of 30 degrees Celsius. One cannot fail to notice the high territorial differentiation and significant geographical concentration of the country’s economy in the center and its absence on the periphery. While large cities of the Russian Federation develop, expand, become rich, their population is provided with comfortable living conditions, other territories suffer from a budget deficit, constraint in solving problems by local authorities, and in many ways a critically low standard of living for the population. The object of the study was the territorial entities of the Leningrad Region, one of the largest subjects of the Russian Federation, both in terms of territory and the number of municipal entities within it. The area of the subject is almost 84 thousand square kilometers; it consists of 1 urban district, 1 municipal district, 16 municipal districts, 63 urban and 107 rural settlements. The relevance of the presented material is due to the significant inequality in the development of territories close to the economically developed center and those remote from it. The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of socio-economic development of territorial entities of the Leningrad Region and their classification depending on their territorial proximity to the economically developed center. The theoretical basis of the work is the works of such researchers who studied the issue of development of the socio-economic potential of the regions of the Russian Federation as V. P. Zhdanov, P. M. Krylov, I. N. Merenkova, A. A. Nikiforov, I. B. Orlov, M.Yu. Prikhodko, A. V. Torkunova, N. V. Chepurnykh and others. The study uses methods of statistical and system analysis, elements of a comparative approach. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the work has conducted a comparative analysis of the socio-economic situation of territorial entities of the Leningrad Region – peripheral and close to the center of economic development. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the accumulated research results will allow to fully assess the situation of the territories and subsequently, based on the conclusions made, take a number of measures to level out the disproportions in their development. The result of the study is a comparative analysis of the indicators of socio-economic development of the selected territorial entities obtained during the processing of statistical data and through a qualitative method of collecting information - a questionnaire survey of the local population. Based on the results obtained, the conclusion about the existing disproportion in the development of territorial entities of the Leningrad Region depending on their proximity to the economically developed center was confirmed.

The need to expand renewable energy technologies as the basis for sustainable economic development determines the relevance of the article. The article is devoted to analyzing the role of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in the development of renewable energy, focusing on the interaction between government and private efforts to accelerate the transition to sustainable energy. The work examines key aspects and principles of PPPs, their models, and implementation mechanisms in the context of the energy sector, as well as the advantages and challenges associated with attracting private capital to renewable energy projects. Special attention is given to the analysis of global experience and successful examples of PPPs in the field of renewable energy, which allows for the identification of best practices and lessons applicable to Russia. The article also highlights the current state and potential development of renewable energy sources in Russia, analyzes existing PPP initiatives and projects, and considers possible directions of government policy to stimulate this process.

The goal of the article is to theoretically substantiate the prospects for expanding the practices of implementing renewable energy projects through PPP mechanisms. The methodological base is the scientific materials of Russian, Chinese, European researchers. We used such scientific methods as content analysis of scientific sources, statistical analysis, fuzzy set method, comparative analysis. The main results are the deterministic features of the renewable energy PPP projects in Russia, the systematization of the main models and mechanisms for the implementation renewable energy PPP projects. The scientific novelty is the development of comprehensive items of renewable energy government policy through the implementation of economic and institutional mechanisms of public-private partnership. The article highlights the importance of synergy between government and private efforts to achieve sustainable development of the energy sector with a focus on renewable sources. This determines the practical significance and is key to ensuring energy security and reducing environmental impact.

The relevance of this study is substantiated by the fact that the modern transport classification of goods does not distinguish a separate group of «frozen and chilled food products, ready for consumption» taking into account the entire set of properties of such goods. The lack of scientifically based planning of the rolling stock operation taking into account the range of features of the properties of these goods, which manifest themselves during transportation from the manufacturer to the consumer, in practice leads to non-fulfillment of the requirements of the participants in the transport process. In the practice of transportation, there is an interrelationship between the participants in the transport process, taking into account the requirements of regulatory documents, the properties of the cargo. A description of the relationship between the operational indicators of the rolling stock will ensure the development of a scientifically based planning tool for fulfilling the conditions of delivery of goods to the consumer and making a profit for the carrier. The purpose of the study is to improve the transport classification of goods for planning the transportation of frozen and chilled food products taking into account the relationship of operational indicators.

The study uses scientific methods of current planning of the rolling stock operation, approaches to transport classification taking into account the addition of the list of properties of the object under study, and system analysis. Scientific novelty in the form of an improved transport classification of cargo by product groups «Meat and meat products», «Fish products», «Milk and dairy products», «Confectionery products», «Vegetables», which made it possible to identify the type of cargo «frozen and chilled food products, ready for consumption» and the established relationship between planned indicators and indicators that meet the requirements of the transport classification and the requirements of the participants in the transport process.

Further research will be aimed at developing a mathematical model for planning the transportation of frozen and chilled food products, ready for consumption in fast food restaurants.

New scientific results are expressed in the form of a relationship between operational planning indicators characterizing the time of transportation, the amount of cargo, transport work with indicators that ensure the preservation of the properties of the cargo «frozen and chilled food products, ready for consumption» during their transportation. A diagram of the relationship between operational indicators for planning the transportation of frozen and chilled food products ready for consumption and indicators characterizing the properties of the cargo and the requirements for transportation has been developed. The application of the research results is aimed at fulfilling the planned indicators for the operation of rolling stock.

The paper proposes an approach to the algorithmic description of engineering creativity processes based on the concept of affordance as a perceived human ability to interact with an object in a certain way. The purpose of the proposed approach is to stimulate engineering creativity by building correct analogies and projections between living and technical systems when conducting interdisciplinary research, for example, at the intersection of medical and technical sciences. Two properties of engineering activity that facilitate the evolutionary development of its products are considered: pre-adaptation of elements of technical solutions and reciprocity of inventions. Pre-adaptation is achieved by parameterizing engineering solutions due to, for example, distributed architecture and service orientated architecture. Pre-adaptation is facilitated by the widespread use of active software services. The desire to ensure this property adjusts engineering activity towards maintaining continuity and rationality. Reciprocity is achieved by dividing the functional purpose between design elements or software components and implementing mechanisms for suppressing some elements in the presence of activity of others. This principle is relevant for distributed software systems with high autonomy of components, for example, based on multi-agent technologies, as well as for heterogeneous systems providing for human-computer interaction with elements of artificial intelligence. The correspondence of these properties to the operations of logical addition and opposition of affordances, respectively, is shown. The definition of affordance as an independent concept in the ontology of the subject area allows for the evolutionary nature of the process of developing engineering solutions. Semiosis of affordance is reconsidered and reissued as an apperception of the use case. In the predicative form, the pragmatic rule can be designated by a conjunction of conditions for the actor: the presence of a goal of action in the given conditions, the presence of the actor’s will to achieve this goal and the presence of experience in achieving similar goals in a certain class in a certain socially known way; and conditions for the object: the presence of a structural element (one or more) that allows it to be attributed to a certain class of use cases, an appeal to the external appearance of the structural element to a socially known way of use and designation of the object by an indicator or a form. Application of the proposed concepts in practice is of practical use in education when implementing training programs at the intersection of sciences, for example, in medical engineering, as well as in industry when automating decision support for information support of engineering activities.