Vol 20, No 3 (2024): FAMILY POLICY AND LIVING STANDARDS. ECONOMICS AND SOCIOLOGY OF LABOR

During 2023, the Russian State Social University conducted research work on the analysis of the system of state support for family, 
motherhood and childhood in Russia, as well as in the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 
in the post-Soviet space, as well as in the BRICS and BRICS+ member states. The purpose of this article is: firstly, a brief summary of 
the results obtained and, secondly, the formation of recommendations for improving the Russian practice of state support for the family, 
motherhood and childhood. The authors analyzed in detail the legal, financial and organizational principles of policy in the field under study, 
separately presenting the unique Russian experience of introducing maternal (family) capital. The analysis made it possible to establish that 
state support and protection of the family, motherhood and childhood is implemented through tools that differ in terms of functions, forms and 
directions of action. However, the use of these tools within the framework of strategic planning documents is insufficiently comprehensive 
and does not have a single goal setting. In this regard, it seems reasonable to combine and implement all existing instruments of state 
support for the family, motherhood and childhood within the framework of an independent national project. It is also advisable to study the 
issue of the system of practical implementation of this policy in the structure of a special state institution.

The study analyses the profiles of the self-employed and platform workers in Russia to gain a better understanding of the similarities and 
dissimilarities between these two groups, to assess the socio-economic risks these group face and identify ways of mitigating those risks. 
The profiles of the self-employed and platform workers are understood here as characteristics of the composition of these groups in terms 
of socio-demographic groups that they incorporate/ The study uses data from the Federal Tax Service of Russia, Russian Committee for 
Statistics (workforce surveys, survey of the living conditions); own survey; and interviews with digital platform CEOs. The use of different 
sources of data has allowed to expand the list of indicators that characterize the special features of the self-employed and platform workers. Some of these characteristics have been described for the first time for instance, the poverty rate, duration of platform employment,etc. This, and also the new knowledge concerning the two employment forms represent the input of this study into the applied research. 
The spatial distribution of the self-employed and platform workers across regions and territories showed a high proportion of these forms of employment in big cities, as well as in the southern and the North Caucuses regions of Russia. A comparison of various databases showed that a large proportion of the self-employed and platform workers are engaged in the service sector. It also showed the younger age of the members of these two groups that that of the remaining workforce and their higher satisfaction with their health status. The share of persons without vocational training or those who work outside the profession for which they were trained among the self-employed and platform workers is higher than among the hired workforce. These groups are much more likely to have non-standard working hours. Data from different sources indicate that the financial positions of the self-employed and platform workers are not much different form one another. Among the self-employed, more than half are quite satisfied with their earnings (which may indicate that self-employment is a free choice), 
but the rate of satisfaction with job security is lower than that of hired personnel. The results allow to compare the profiles of self-employed 
and platform workers in Russia and with those of respective workers in other countries.

Russian President V.V. Putin in his message to the Federal Assembly, he called for a radical increase in labor productivity to overcome 
the personnel shortage, increase the efficiency of domestic industry and the social sphere. The plans include the extension of the National 
Project “Labor Productivity” to cover at least 40 percent of medium and large enterprises in basic and primary sectors of the economy by 
2030, and also include social sector institutions in the project. At the same time, according to experts, it is necessary to clarify the goals 
of the Project, approaches to achieve them, and involve the expert community in the field of labor economics in order to form a universal 
methodology for increasing organizational efficiency and labor productivity through the development of applied labor economics at the country's enterprises. Who implements the tasks of increasing labor productivity in modern enterprises, how developed is the labor economics function in current conditions, what key performance indicators regarding the implementation of this function are present in enterprises and how developed is their assessment in enterprises? The answer to these questions, as well as in general, assessment of the representation and importance of the labor economics function in large manufacturing enterprises of the Russian Federation in order to determine the directions of its development in conditions of a double personnel shortage are the purpose of this study. Research methods: expert interviews with scientists (9 interviews were conducted with scientists with experience in scientific and applied research in the field of labor economics), as well as heads of departments at industrial enterprises (7 interviews were conducted with personnel directors, heads of labor and wages departments, centers increasingorganizational efficiency), analysis of documents and experience of the country's largest enterprises (the experience of 11 enterprises was studied).The results of the analysis can be useful to scientists in the field of personnel management, labor economics and organizational effectiveness to update the research agenda, as well as to enterprises that are interested in increasing labor productivity and personnel efficienc

An urgent problem of the spatial development of the Russian Federation continues to be a high degree of interregional differences in indicators of socio-economic development in general, including the level and quality of life of the population. The article analyzes the differences 
in the main indicators of the quality and standard of living of the population among the regions of Russia. For a comparative assessment of 
regions by the quality and standard of living of the population, integral indicators (objective and subjective) have been developed, including 
an assessment of the labor market and the quality of employment, financial situation, as well as housing security and the quality of housing conditions. The purpose of the article is to identify interregional differences based on the developed ratings of objective and subjective 
integral indicators of the standard of living of the population in Russia. The results of the study are based on official statistical data from 
Rosstat and the results of a comprehensive observation of the living conditions of the population (2014, 2018, 2022). The methodology of 
the study is based on the use of the expert Pattern method, which made it possible to calculate the ratings of the subjects of the Russian 
Federation according to integral indicators of the quality and standard of living of the population. The article provides a dynamic analysis of 
regional differences in the quality and standard of living from 2014 to 2022, and identifies the main trends and features of the development 
of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a methodological recommendations 
for assessing interregional differences in the standard of living of the population based on ratings of integral indicators: objective and subjective, and their components, taking into account the material basis of the quality and standard of living of the population. The developed rating 
assessment methodology made it possible to identify not only changes in integral indicators, but also the main reasons for such changes.

This article analyzes changes in the level of employment and time spent by Russians working in personal subsidiary plots and other individual farms, non-profit partnerships in 1994–2021. The analysis is based on data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of the Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE). The object of the study is employment and duration of working hours in personal subsidiary pots and other individual farms, non-profit partnerships. The subject of the study is the dynamics of employment and duration of working hours in personal subsidiary plots. The main hypothesis of the study which was confirmed is that one of the results of economic transformations in the post-Soviet period was a reduction in the duration of working hours of city dwellers and villagers in personal subsidiary plots. The study revealed a significant reduction in the duration of working hours of the population on their land plots, which was accompanied by the erasure of gender differences. At the same time, in urban settlements, a clearly noticeable increase in the level of employment was noted, while in rural areas - a decrease. But despite the fact that the number of rural residents for whom a household plot is a forced choice due to the lack 
of an acceptable alternative has significantly decreased, for many rural residents the household plot continues to be an important means of 
self-sufficiency in agricultural products. Among men and women involved in subsidiary plot activities, a more than twofold reduction in the most active participants has been noted. Permanent paid employment reduces the time spent by both men and women from urban and rural families on work in household plots by a third. For many women, who spend three times more time on household chores than men, work in the subsidiary plot becomes a forced burdensome occupation.

The article presents data from two panel mass questionnaire surveys of 1st and 4th year undergraduate students conducted in monitoring mode at the University of Tyumen in 2022–2023. Using the theoretical provisions of the sociology of life, a comparative analysis of the characteristics of students' expectations regarding their future professional, career and status positions in the regional labor market is given. The importance of taking into account the temporal parameters of a student's movement along his personal educational trajectory, differentiating work attitudes and expectations for choosing and building career trajectories between first-year and final-year students of the university, is emphasized. Final-year students have a noticeably lower level of both identification with their future profession and the long-term perspective of their professional trajectory within the framework of professional education received at the university, while dealing with a higher level of anxiety about their professional future and career. Despite the fact that final-year students are less likely than first-year students to express a desire for international migration, every third young man and student majoring in natural sciences declares such intentions. At the same time, stable characteristics of students' life have been found, which are inherent in both 1st- and 4th-year students. These include ideas about an ideal career and status expectations; preference for some form of employment and work schedule; commitment to material values. The results of the conducted research can be used to adjust regional and intra-organizational social policy in order to increase the attractiveness of organizations and enterprises of the Tyumen region for the possible employment of young specialists with higher.