No 10 (2025)

The purpose of the study is to justify and develop a pedagogical technology for enhancing the physical education of future teachers, aimed at forming their physical culture, with the ultimate goal of subsequently shaping the physical culture of students. Research methods: theoretical and bibliographic analysis, theoretical methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, modeling, concretization. Research results and conclusions. A pedagogical technology for the development of physical culture among students in teaching specialties has been justified and developed, encompassing interconnected and interdependent components: the target, content-program, organizational-methodical, operational, and diagnostic-control components. The structural-logical construction of the technology is based on the transformation of pedagogical influences, which depend on the teacher's competence and preparedness, and contribute to increasing students' awareness and motivation to acquire professional competence in developing students' physical culture as a reflection of the effectiveness of their own physical education. The practical significance of the technology is determined by the content of its components: the specification of the educational material, the transformation of the logic of its presentation, the identification of the characteristic features of physical education, and the use of identical tools, which allows minimizing the need for changes in program-methodological documentation and the related difficulties for the faculty of higher education institutions.

The purpose of the study is to assess the dynamics of physical fitness of students in engineering specialties throughout their university education. Research methods and organization. The study was conducted within the framework of a longitudinal pedagogical experiment over five years of training for a single academic group (20 students). Standard pedagogical tests corresponding to the VIII level of the "Ready for Labour and Defence" complex for men aged 18–24 were used to assess the level of physical fitness, in combination with methods of mathematical statistics (one-way analysis of variance for dependent samples). Research results and conclusions. A positive trend in the development of key physical qualities (speed, strength, endurance, speed-strength abilities) has been observed during the first three years of training, as confirmed by the consistent surpassing of control results over established federal standards. In the later years, a tendency to decline in certain indicators has been identified, which is associated with the redistribution of educational workload, changes in motivation, and a decrease in the volume of independent physical activity. At the same time, applied training (swimming) demonstrates a stable positive trend and a consistent level of development, highlighting the effectiveness of its integration into the educational process to enhance both the motivational and health-promoting potential of physical education. The obtained results allow recommending a revision of the physical education program structure for senior university courses, including the introduction of applied-oriented modules, in order to maintain the level of physical fitness and foster a sustainable motivation for regular physical activity.

Wrestling requires the comprehensive development of physical qualities, including high muscle strength, anaerobic power, and endurance. Assessing the functional profile of wrestlers, particularly the ability of muscles to rapidly generate force (rate of force development), is important for the objective evaluation of strength potential, identification of overtraining, and injury risk. The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of strength and power in belt and koresh wrestlers during the preparatory period, with a focus on the rate of force development of leg extensors and its relationship to the level of sports mastery. Research methods and organization. The study involved athletes engaged in belt wrestling and koresh belt wrestling. Anaerobic power was assessed using the Monark 894 E ergometer, and isokinetic and isometric testing of knee joint extensors was conducted on the Knee-Pro AntexLab apparatus. Measurements included maximum torque, rate of force development, time to peak torque, and anthropometric indicators. Research results and conclusions. The most informative indicator was the inverse correlation between the rate of force development in isokinetic mode at 30°/s and the level of sports mastery. A positive correlation was noted between the time to peak torque and mastery level, indicating better muscle recruitment ability among more qualified wrestlers. The study demonstrated that a high level of sports mastery in belt wrestling and koresh may be accompanied by a reduction in the rate of force development, which is likely associated with enhanced neuromuscular control.

The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of modern strength training methods within the training process of Chinese collegiate basketball teams and to develop an optimal strength training model taking into account the specifics of Chinese collegiate basketball. Research methods and organization. The study employed theoretical analysis and synthesis of literary sources, examination of documents related to competitive activities, testing, pedagogical experimentation, and methods of mathematical statistics. The experimental research was conducted with the participation of a basketball team at Henan University. Research results and conclusions. The developed methodology provides for the comprehensive development of strength qualities through seven stages of training with differentiation of workouts according to playing positions. The results showed statistically significant improvements in standing long jump, running vertical jump, and barbell bench press performance.

Contemporary sports science pays significant attention to the optimization of the educational and training process in sprint disciplines of athletics. Effective management of the preparation process for both professional and amateur athletes requires consideration of numerous factors, such as periodization, selection of means and methods for improving the key physical quality for sprinters-speed. The purpose of the study is to identify the optimal periods for distributing training loads in the preparation of short-distance runners, which ensure the enhancement of the educational and training process. Research methods: analysis of scientific and specialized literature, pedagogical observations, synthesis of the experience of leading practicing coaches in athletics specializing in the training of athletes in sprint distances, qualitative content analysis of the results of leading sprinters in short-distance running. Research results and conclusions. Optimal periods and methods for load distribution during the preparatory, competitive, and transitional phases have been established. The priority tasks for each phase have been defined, and recommendations for the use of various training methods have been developed. Proper periodization, the selection of training methods and means, as well as an individualized approach to each athlete, play a key role in achieving high sporting results.

The purpose of the study is to identify the factors influencing the effectiveness of competitive performance among highly qualified ski orienteers. Research methods and organization. The identification of factors was carried out in several stages: analysis of scientific and methodological literature and the federal standard of sports training in orienteering; analysis of factors affecting the effectiveness of competitive activities in ski orienteering through questionnaires administered to coaches and athletes; and ranking of the identified factors by coaches and athletes. Research results and conclusions. The main factors have been identified as map reading and comprehension, the choice of the route along the course, and the athlete's personal characteristics, determined by their psychotypical traits and volitional qualities, as well as their physical and functional preparedness.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the overall group dynamics of changes in the training load volume of highly qualified biathletes in the context of long-term preparation and to individually assess the dependence of competitive performance on load parameters. Research methods: analysis of methodological materials on the training of Russian men's and women's national teams, athletes' self-monitoring diaries, and heart rate monitor data for each athlete, as well as analysis of competition protocols. Research results and conclusions. The overall training load, the ratio of strength to endurance workload, and its distribution across intensity zones are key parameters in individual planning. The allocation of primary training resources for biathletes of the Russian national teams within the annual training cycle follows a uniform structure in both the junior and main national teams. For biathletes of the Russian national teams, the proportion of endurance training in the total workload varies within a fairly wide range of 72-95%. At the same time, juniors are characterized by minimal indicators of the proportion of total cyclic load in the overall training volume at 72%, indicating the predominance of cyclic nature of the load, with a gradual increase up to 95% in the men's and women's categories. When moving from the junior category, the ratio of contributions from different intensity loads changes; biathletes of the Russian national team train according to the concept of the polarized model. For top-level biathletes at the stage of maximum performance realization, the share of load in the mixed intensity zone (equivalent to MIT in foreign literature) is 4-7%, while 3-5% is accounted for by high-intensity load.

The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of using force platforms in the training process for the development of explosive power in professional athletes. Research methods and organization. The study employed theoretical analysis and the synthesis of literary sources, program design, testing, pedagogical experimentation, and methods of mathematical statistics. The research was conducted over eight weeks at the Physical Training Center (Chelyabinsk) with the participation of 14 qualified athletes (football players and track and field athletes). The program included an alternating schedule of technical, power, and recovery training sessions with linear progression. Research results and conclusions. At the conclusion of the experiment, a statistically significant improvement was recorded in jump height, power, and rate of force development. The obtained data indicate the high effectiveness of using strength platforms in plyometric training and confirm the advisability of their application in the work with professional athletes.

The purpose of the study is to develop a set of imitation exercises in boxing for mastering basic technical skills in both left-handed and right-handed fighting stances. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical observation. Research results and conclusions. A set of imitated motor exercises in boxing has been developed, performed in left-sided and right-sided fighting stances; the main positions of fighting stances and exercises performed in place and on the move have been classified. The research results showed that the proposed set of exercises contributes to improving the level of technical preparedness of boxers, the variability of technical actions, as well as reducing the level of injuries.

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of psychophysiological markers that determine the level of readiness and performance of highly qualified martial arts athletes (boxing, taekwondo) at the stage of sports improvement. The purpose of the study is to conduct an analysis of the psychophysiological state of martial arts athletes (boxing, taekwondo) during the competitive period, and to identify key markers that determine their level of readiness and performance. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, internet sources, and competition materials; recording and analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators (total number of punches per match, number of scored punches, percentage of successful punches, number of victories in the top 3 matches of the tournament); assessment of psychophysiological state; statistical processing of data. Research results and conclusions. Based on data from the objective assessment of technical-tactical actions, sensorimotor reactions (simple and complex visuomotor reactions), significant differences in indicators were identified depending on the athlete's qualification, gender, and type of sport. It was established that more highly qualified athletes are characterized by significantly shorter reaction latency times, greater stability of reactions, as well as a predominance of qualitative performance indicators (percentage of successful strikes, victories) over quantitative ones. It has been shown that psychophysiological markers (reaction speed, attention stability, CNS stability) are key factors in competitive success. The study results justify the need to integrate objective monitoring of the psychophysiological state into the training system for martial artists in order to enhance the effectiveness of training management and competitive performance.

The purpose of the study is to enhance the competence of legal representatives in matters of adaptive physical education. Research methods: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, surveys, analysis and synthesis of data from subjects' medical records, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. Research results and conclusions. The reliable increase in the competence level of legal representatives regarding their participation in the process of adaptive physical education for adolescents with intellectual disabilities, as revealed by the study, indicates the positive impact of the applied program and the legal representatives' understanding of the importance of properly organized joint physical and sports activities.

The development of physical abilities in adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities requires a specialized approach that takes into account the peculiarities of their physical development. Traditional physical education methods are not always effective for this category of children. The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of a differentiated method of adaptive physical education on the physical qualities of adolescents aged 11–12 years with mild intellectual disability. Research methods and organization. Methods of research such as the analysis of scientific and methodological literature and testing were used. The study was conducted with the participation of adolescents aged 11–12 years diagnosed with F70 (mild intellectual disability). The experimental group followed a specially developed differentiated methodology. The assessment of physical qualities was conducted using tests for strength, speed, coordination abilities, flexibility, and endurance. Research results and conclusions. The methodology based on the integrated use of adaptive physical education tools has demonstrated high effectiveness in developing physical qualities in adolescents aged 11–12 years with mild intellectual disabilities. The most pronounced positive changes in the experimental group were observed in measures of coordination abilities, endurance, and strength. Analysis of the experimental results revealed that adolescents aged 11–12 with mild intellectual disabilities possess significant potential for the development of physical qualities, which can be actualized through the application of appropriate means and methods of adaptive physical education.

The purpose of the study is to characterize the conditions and organization of physical education for students with disabilities based on an analysis of the opinions of physical education teachers. Research methods and organization. In April 2025, an online survey of physical education teachers instructing children with disabilities was conducted to assess the conditions and organization of physical education. Research results and conclusions. Data are presented on the characteristics of teaching methods for children with disabilities, the conditions and organization of physical education lessons, the challenges of educating children with disabilities, and the main directions for improving the physical education of students with disabilities, including medical-psychological-pedagogical support, physical education and sports equipment, medical-pedagogical monitoring, interaction with parents, and staff training for teaching children with disabilities. The research results can be used to enhance the conditions and organization of physical education for children with disabilities.

The purpose of the study is to identify the characteristics of social-psychological and academic-professional adaptation at the university among students participating in the special military operation. Research methods: analysis, synthesis, generalization, content analysis of psychological-pedagogical and socio-pedagogical literature, regulatory legal acts. Research results and conclusions. The study examined the adaptation process of certain categories of students at the university. The specifics of the adaptation of students who have participated in combat operations as part of the special military operation were identified. The necessity of providing pedagogical support to students involved in the special military operation is substantiated in order to maximally integrate all categories of learners into a unified educational environment.

The system of additional professional education (APE) in the field of physical culture and sports is currently undergoing active transformation, driven both by external challenges and widespread changes in the regulatory framework. The analytical materials presented in the article reveal the features of the formation of the current model of additional education in Russia, taking into account the specifics of specialized higher education institutions and other organizations engaged in additional education activities. The local geography of participants in professional development and retraining programs has been revealed, and trends in the thematic distribution of professional development programs in specialized higher education institutions have been partially determined in accordance with the number of participants as of the end of 2024. The purpose of the study is to identify and characterize key educational trends, the challenges of implementing educational services, and the prospects for their development within the system of additional professional education for specialists in the field of physical culture and sports in the Russian Federation. Research methods: analysis of scientific, methodological, and specialized literature, contemporary supplementary education programs, regulatory documents, as well as labor market data and the demands of the professional community; methods of systemic and comparative analysis. Research results and conclusions. Shifts in educational trends toward practice-oriented approaches and modularity have been identified. A significant portion of programs delivered in digital format has been noted, which increases the accessibility of professional development programs, but at the same time reduces in-person interaction with the bearer of professional knowledge. A significant growth in competition in the market for additional educational services has been observed, with other organizations (autonomous non-profit organizations, limited liability companies, etc.) becoming active participants, and in some cases, individual training centers are being established at existing fitness centers, sports associations, or manufacturers of various sports equipment. According to the authors, the further prospective development of the additional professional education system in the field of physical culture and sports is associated with enhancing the level of integration between specialized educational organizations, professional communities, and employers. Promising trajectories based on the formation of digital competencies have been identified. A pressing need has been noted to analyze the current state of additional professional education in order to determine the directions for its further development.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the interrelationships among levels of motivation, creativity, and intelligence. Research methods and organization. A study was conducted using four psychodiagnostic methods involving students aged 20-21. Research results and conclusions. The obtained results demonstrated the presence of intrinsic motivation toward activity and a predominance of achievement motivation over failure-avoidance motivation. Monetary gain motivation also ranks highly. The interconnected manifestation of intelligence and verbal creativity in the subjects is largely determined by financial motivation, which also serves as a significant predictor of the growth of self-actualization motivation and career advancement. An important factor influencing the verbal creativity of these subjects is also suspiciousness, associated with the increase in aspirations and the discrepancy between self-esteem and ambitions.

The purpose of the study is to examine the relationship between the level of loneliness and the indicators of quality of life and athletic performance among students and schoolchildren engaged in sports. Research methods and organization. The study was conducted from December 2024 to March 2025. Survey methods were used in the research. Data analysis employed mathematical and statistical methods, including the calculation of the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Research results and conclusions. It was found that in this group the indicator of the subjective feeling of loneliness was at a low level of expression. At the same time, a difference was identified in the levels of quality of life indicators. It was established that the loneliness indicator is associated with quality of life indicators and success in sports among students and adolescent schoolchildren.

The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of aquatic therapy in the correction of ADHD symptoms in children. Research methods and organization. The study was conducted at the family club "Aqua-Cadabra," which focuses on physical fitness and health-promoting activities. The study sample consisted of children aged 6 to 9 years with a verified diagnosis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), 20 of whom, in addition to psychological correction, underwent a course of aquatic therapy and were included in the experimental group, while the remaining 20 received psychological correction without aquatic therapy and constituted the control group. The study was carried out using a testing method. Research results and conclusions. It was found that children with attention deficit exhibit reduced levels of core attention characteristics. Psychological intervention improved measures of attentional capacity, stability, concentration, shifting, and distribution in both groups. However, children who additionally participated in aquatic therapy demonstrated a more pronounced positive effect: a decrease in the number of errors, an increase in attention productivity, and an improvement in overall attention development. This indicates an additional beneficial effect of aquatic therapy when combined with conventional psychological techniques.