Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology
ISSN (print): 1816-9775, ISSN (online): 2541-8971
Founder: Saratov State University
Editor-in-Chief: Goryacheva Irina Yurievna, Doctor of Chemistry. sciences, professor
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Ағымдағы шығарылым
Том 25, № 4 (2025)
- Жылы: 2025
- Мақалалар: 13
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1816-9775/issue/view/25978
Бүкіл шығарылым
Chemistry
Synthesis and biological activity of compounds based on 4-hydroxycoumarin
Аннотация
Currently, the synthesis of oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds containing a fused benzene ring system with a pyrone cycle, represented by 4-hydroxycoumarin (4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one), is of great importance due to their broad spectrum of biological activity. We found it interesting to conduct reactions of 1,5-dicarbonyl compounds based on 4-hydroxycoumarin with N-nucleophiles, both from a fundamental point of view and from the perspective of the practical application of the resulting products. The interaction of 4-hydroxy-3-(3- oxo-1-aryl-3-(4-aminophenyl)propyl)-2H-chromen-2-ones with hydrazine hydrate upon heating in isopropyl alcohol led to the formation of products of nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl groups of the acyclic and coumarin fragments of the substrate, yielding 3-(3-(4-aminophenyl)- 1-aryl-3-hydrazinylidenepropyl)-4-hydrazinylidenechroman-2-ones with good yields. In a similar reaction with 5-amino-2-methyl-1,3-thiazole in ethanol, 3-(3-(4-aminophenyl)-1-aryl-3-((2-methylthiazol-5-yl)imino)propyl)-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-ones have been obtained – the result of the reagent attacking the carbonyl group of the acyclic fragment of the substrate. The composition and structure of the obtained compounds have been established based on elemental analysis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy data. We also performed a virtual screening of the biological activity of the obtained compounds in the PASS Online program, which revealed a high probability of all products exhibiting inhibitory activity against β-glucuronidase. This suggests that all the compounds we have obtained may be promising in the prevention of cancerous tumors. Additionally, molecular docking has been performed, showing that the products we have obtained are potentially better inhibitors of β-glucuronidase than the reference drug, scopoletin.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):368-374
368-374
Study of the influence of co-precipitation process parameters on the physicochemical characteristics of the precursor of the cathode material NCM811
Аннотация
Selection of parameters for the synthesis of precursors for NMC cathode materials is one of the prevailing factors that have a signifi cant impact on the chemical composition, bulk density, surface microstructure, electrochemical characteristics and service life of the resulting cathode materials. In this paper, we study the variation of the mixing rate, pH, concentration of the complexing agent, and the molar ratio of NH3 / sulphate solution concentrations. The strict control during co-precipitation has made it possible to obtain a material with obviously preferable physicochemical characteristics.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):375-384
375-384
Fluorimetric determination of glycine using copper ion complexes with ciprofl oxacin
Аннотация
A luminescent method for determining glycine based on competitive complexation of Cu2+ ions with ciprofl oxacin and an amino acid is proposed. Formation of a Cu2+ complex with a fl uoroquinolone derivative is shown using spectrophotometry. The resulting complex does not have fl uorescent properties, unlike the ligand itself. In the presence of additives of complexing agent ions in a ciprofl oxacin solution, its fl uorescence is quenched. Introduction of glycine (Gl) into the Cu2+–CF system is accompanied by an increase in the fl uorescence signal of free ciprofl oxacin (CF) (λexc = 330 nm, λfl = 450 nm) with an intensity proportional to the concentration of the amino acid. The eff ect of the nature of surfactant micelles on the emission effi ciency of the analytical system is studied. It is shown that, regardless of their nature, surfactant micelles additionally quench the fl uorescence of Cu2+ ion complexes with CF and Gl. Optimal conditions for complexation reactions in the studied systems, as well as for an increase in the intensity of CF intrinsic fl uorescence, are established. It is assumed that the formation of the analytical signal is associated with the fl uorescence of CF, the concentration of which increases in the solution due to the destruction of the unstable Cu2+ complex with CF and the formation of a more stable Cu2+ chelate with glycine. It is shown that the quenching eff ect is maximal at pH 7 in a phosphate buff er solution. Similar eff ects are not observed in an acetate-ammonia buff er solution. A linear dependence of the fl uorescence intensity on the glycine concentration is observed in the range of 5×10-7 – 5×10-4 M. The detection limit is 2×10-7 M.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):385-392
385-392
Detection of adulteration of fish caviar by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Аннотация
The use of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for differentiation of natural and imitated caviar of various fish species: salmon, sturgeon, and particulate species has been proposed. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) have been used as tools for multivariate statistical analysis. The use of PCA and HCA have allowed effective visualisation of differences between caviar samples in terms of authenticity. It has been found that samples from different groups have been located in separate quadrants on PCA plots and formed separate clusters on dendrograms. The analysis of load plots has showed that magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and iron are the key elements responsible for the separation of samples by authenticity. For salmon fishcaviar, the main difference between natural and imitated caviar is due to the concentrations of these elements, with natural caviar having higher values. In the case of sturgeon caviar, the influence of copper is additionally noticeable, which also contributes to the differentiation between natural and imitated caviar. PCA plots and dendrograms for sturgeon fish show a clear differentiation between the different types of caviar: natural, imitation and halibut caviar. For particulate fish, differentiation of natural and imitated pike caviar is observed based on the same elements as for other caviar types. The high effi ciency of using mass spectrometry in combination with chemometric methods for detection of adulteration of fi sh caviar of diff erent species by their elemental composition has been proved.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):393-405
393-405
A three-component reverse system of sodium and strontium fluorides and toluomates
Аннотация
The paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of the three-component mutual system Na+ ,Sr2+||F- ,WO4 2-. In the theoretical part, geometric modeling of phase complex is carried out. The thermodynamic method, according to Hess’s law, confirmed the partition variant with three phase triangles NaF – SrF2 – SrWO4 , NaF – 2NaF•Na2 WO4 – SrWO4 , 2NaF•Na2 WO4 – SrWO4 – Na2 WO4 . In accordance with the chosen partition option, the simulation of the liquidus variants of the three-component mutual system Na+ ,Sr2+||F- ,WO4 2- has been carried out. The separation has been experimentally confirmed by X-ray phase analysis of a mixture of 50 eq% Na2 WO4 and 50 eq% SrF2 corresponding to the full conversion point. The main reactions of chemical interaction for mixtures corresponding to equivalence points are described. A series of polythermal sections has been studied by diff erential thermal analysis, as well as X-ray phase analysis and thermogravimetry, from which the directions to three points of non-invariant equilibria and the coordinates (composition and temperature) of the triple eutectic and two peritectic have been determined. The points of non-invariant equilibria are located in the phase triangles 2NaF•Na2 WO4 – SrWO4 – Na2 WO4 and 2NaF•Na2 WO4 – SrWO4 – NaF. The considered phase complex of the three-component mutual system Na+ ,Sr2+||F- ,WO4 2– is represented by five crystallization fields – sodium and strontium fluorides, strontium tungstate, 2NaF•Na2 WO4 compounds of incongruent melting and sodium tungstate. Theoretical and experimental consideration of the three-component mutual system Na+ ,Sr2+||F- ,WO4 2- showed that the dominant crystallization field belongs to strontium tungstate as a more refractory component. The minimum crystallization fi eld belongs to sodium tungstate. The system’s phase tree and data on melting temperatures and compositions of non-standard equilibrium points have been refi ned in comparison with the previously obtained data on the system.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):406-415
406-415
Biology
Diversity of rhizosphere bacteria of halophytes of the coastal strip of lake Elton
Аннотация
Halophilic microorganisms attract the attention of researchers due to their ability, acquired during adaptation to existence in extreme conditions, to synthesize biopolymers with unique properties that are potentially in demand in biotechnology. Bacteria inhabiting the rhizosphere of plants growing in soils with an increased level of mineralization often demonstrate growth-stimulating activity. The aim of the study was to analyze the taxonomic diversity of rhizosphere bacteria of the predominant halophytes of the coastal strip of the salty endorheic sedimentary lake Elton (Volgograd region). Enrichment cultures of microorganisms were obtained from rhizosphere samples of plants of the Chenopodiaceae family, with subsequent isolation of bacterial DNA, amplifi cation and sequencing of nucleotide sequences of variable fragments V3-V4 of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The analysis of the rhizosphere microbiome of Climacoptera lachnophylla (Iljin) Botsch., Salsola soda L., Anabasis salsa (C. A. Mey.) Benth. ex Volkens demonstrated a higher species diversity compared to the microbiomes of the soil and salt samples from the lake’s coastal zone. The dominance of the Proteobacteria and Firmicutes phyla was noted in all analyzed samples with diff erent ratios of their representatives. The rhizosphere microbiota of the studied plants was represented mainly by known species of the Halomonadaceae and Bacillaceae families, which, according to literature data, quite often have the ability to produce such metabolites regulating plant development as indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):416-421
416-421
Addition to the summary “Flora of the Lower Volga Region” of the class of Liliopsida Typhaceae – Hydrocharitaceae (according to the Engler system) based on the materials of the herbarium of the SARAT State University
Аннотация
The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the distribution of plant species belonging to the families Typhaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, Juncaginaceae, Alismataceae, Butomaceae, Hydrocharitaceae in the Lower Volga region based on the materials of the herbarium of the Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky (SARAT). Species of the families Typhaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, Juncaginaceae, Alismataceae, Butomaceae, Hydrocharitaceae are confi ned to coastal-aquatic and aquatic habitats vulnerable to anthropogenic factors, especially in the steppe zone. Analysis of the distribution of these species will help determine the methods of protecting such biotopes. During the entire existence of the herbarium of the Saratov State University named after N.G. Chernyshevsky (SARAT), a signifi cant amount of valuable material has been collected, which is currently being processed and systematized. To clarify the distribution of species, the data from the summary of the “Lower Volga Region Flora” and the Saratov State University Herbarium (SARAT) were analyzed, since only part of the herbarium data was used when writing the fi rst volume. The Saratov State University Herbarium (SARAT) registered 23 species of Potamogetonaceae, nine belong to Hydrocharitaceae, six to Alismataceae, fi ve to Typhaceae, two to Juncaginaceae, one each of Ruppiaceae and Butomaceae out of 60 species listed in the literature for the Lower Volga region. The most numerous is the Potamogetonaceae family (787 herbarium specimens), followed in descending order by Alismataceae (366), Hydrocharitaceae (243), Typhaceae (155), Butomaceae (121), Juncaginaceae (90), and Ruppiaceae (7). The collection currently contains 1,769 herbarium specimens belonging to the studied families, which were collected from 1902 to 2021 in the Lower Volga region. The largest number of specimens were herbarized in the Saratov region (1,260 herbarium specimens), followed by the Astrakhan region (262) and the Volgograd region (179). As a result of a comparative analysis for 37 species, the understanding of their distribution in the studied territory was expanded.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):422-436
422-436
Optimization of sample preparation technique and the possibility of using different types of plant material of two species of the genus Colchicum (Colchicaceae) in flow cytometry
Аннотация
The article presents the results of testing and optimization of the sample preparation technique for fl ow cytometric analysis of two species that have not been previously studied in this aspect: Colchicum bulbocodium subsp. versicolor and C. laetum. We are using optimal LB01 buff er with added sodium thiosulfate, as internal standards we take Petroselinum crispum and Secale cereale. For the fi rst time, the DNA content in living samples of C. bulbocodium subsp. versicolor (2C = 8.049 pg) and C. laetum (2C = 5.412 pg) from natural habitats in the territory of the Russian Federation was determined. We have proven that not only living material (sprouts), but also seeds can be used as material for studying the genome size by fl ow cytometry of two species of the genus Colchicum. The main thing is to take into account their feature – the number of events corresponding to the embryo is much less than the number of endosperm cells. We do not recommend using herbarium samples of Colchicum as material for DNA content analysis, as their values were much overestimated in comparison with sprouts. The data we obtained complement and expand our understanding of the DNA level within the genus Colchicum.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):437-446
437-446
Apomixis in Anthoxanthum nitens and A. repens (Poaceae L.) in the Saratov region flora
Аннотация
The article presents the results of cytoembryological analysis of four cenopopulations of two Anthoxanthum L. species from the fl ora of the Saratov region: A. nitens (Weber) Y.Schouten & Veldkamp and A. repens (Host) Veldkamp. Embryological characters of Hieracium-type apospory and pseudogamy were recorded in plants of both species: (1) formation of several eight-nucleate seven-celled embryo sacs in the ovule; (2) development of the proembryo in unfertilized megagametophytes with intact polar nuclei. Megagametophytes with structural anomalies characteristic of apomicts were also found (embryo sacs with three polar nuclei, with egg-like synergids or with the absence of individual elements). Despite high-quality pollen and the formation of viable megagametophytes in the ovules, the A. nitens plants produced only a few seeds. Possible reasons for the low seed production of these plants are discussed.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):447-453
447-453
Ecology
Ecological assessment of contamination of agroce-noses of Rostov region with sim-triazine pesticides of medicinal raw materials
Аннотация
The purpose of this study was an environmental assessment of the contamination of medicinal plant raw materials of the Rostov region with sim-triazine pesticides. The objects of the study were pharmacopeial plant species, widespread in the Southern Federal District, which are characteristic representatives of both natural plant communities and synanthropic vegetation, as well as soil. The content of sim-triazine pesticides: atrazine, simazine, promethrin in soil and plant samples was determined. The content of pesticides in plant samples and soil samples was determined using the Chromatec-Crystal-5000 analytical chromatograph. The results of the study of samples taken in the territories of the most representative agrocenoses of the Chertkovsky and Tsimlyansk districts of the Rostov region, characterized by intensive chemicalization in agriculture, showed the complete ecological well-being of soils and plant materials in relation to pollution with sim-triazine pesticides. The obtained results of analyses of soil and plant raw material images for residual pesticide content meet the strict requirements of organic farming, which creates prerequisites for the development of organic crop production and certifi cation of wild and cultivated medicinal plant raw materials as environmentally friendly, which makes it possible to position the region as a favorable zone for pharmacopoeial raw material production.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):454-462
454-462
Variability of tepal’s bend shape in some Colchicum s.l. species of European Russia
Аннотация
The aim of this work was to identify the degree of tepal bend shape variation in representatives of six Colchicum s.l species: C. laetum L., C. ancyrense B. L. Burtt, C. bulbocodium var. versicolor (Ker Gawl.) K. Perss, C. umbrosum Steven, C. trigynum (Steven ex Adam) Stearn, C. eichleri (Regel) K. Perss. In each of the 53 populations located in the territory of European Russia, 30 plants were studied. The analysis of tepal bend shape variation was carried out using the geometric morphometry method. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that C. laetum and C. bulbocodium var. versicolor, previously attributed to diff erent genera, has the highest level of variation at the intra- and interspecifi c levels. The other species were characterized by a smaller range of variation. In the specimens of C. eichleri and C. trigynum, previously allocated to a separate genus Merendera, the tepals had a similar shape, which indicates the validity of combining them into one species with the priority name C. trigynum. In general, the obtained results serve as an additional argument in favour of combining Colchicum, Bulbocodium and Merendera into one genus Colchicum s.l.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):463-468
463-468
The results of studies of the autumn flight of birds of the thrush family (Turdidae) in the valley of the Paz River of the Pasvik Nature Reserve
Аннотация
This study presents the results of a seven-year investigation (2018–2024) into the migration patterns of thrushes (family Turdidae) under the conditions of the polar day’s termination at the «Varlam Island Station» in the Pasvik Nature Reserve (Murmansk Region). Birds were captured from July to September using ornithological nets, deployed either during morning hours or, in 2024, around the clock with the aid of acoustic lures to attract migrating individuals. We analyzed species occurrence in captures and the relationship between migration intensity and time in pre-dawn and post-dawn periods. A total of 618 birds representing seven species were captured and ringed during the study. Data analysis revealed that migratory activity of thrushes peaked in late August to early September. Chi-square values confi rmed the statistical signifi cance of these peaks: 351.8 (p < 0.001) for the Bluethroat (Luscinia svecica), 41.0 (p < 0.001) for the Common Redstart (Phoenicurus phoenicurus), and 36.4 (p < 0.001) for the Redwing (Turdus iliacus). In contrast, the Song Thrush (Turdus philomelos) showed no statistically signifi cant peak (χ² = 14.6, p = 0.12). The study demonstrated that Bluethroats and Redstarts exhibited a propensity for post-dawn migration, supported by correlation coeffi cients of Ks = 0.85 (p < 0.05) and Ks = 0.79 (p < 0.05), respectively. This suggests these species are less dependent on the dark phase of the night, enabling migration throughout the diurnal cycle. Conversely, Song Thrushes and Redwings adhered more strictly to nocturnal migration, though their circadian rhythms appeared disrupted under the short-night conditions of the study period. This likely necessitates adaptation to alternative navigation mechanisms, potentially independent of celestial compass systems.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):469-476
469-476
Personalia
In memory of Anastasiya Andreevna Chiguryaeva. On her 120th anniversary
Аннотация
On December 31, 2025, it was 120 years since the birth of professor A. A. Chiguryaeva (1905–1987), a Doctor of Biological Sciences and Professor – a renowned scientist who made signifi cant contributions to the development of Palaeopalynology in Russia. From 1961, A. A. Chiguryaeva headed the Department of Plant Morphology and Systematics at Saratov State University and also established and led a Palynological Laboratory. Her primary scientifi c focus was on the study of fl ora and vegetation in the Southeast of the European part of the USSR. Together with her co-authors, she wrote over 140 scientifi c and popular science works. Under her supervision, fi ve candidate dissertations were successfully defended.
Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Chemistry. Biology. Ecology. 2025;25(4):477-480
477-480