卷 23, 编号 173 (2018)
- 年: 2018
- ##issue.datePublished##: 15.12.2018
- 文章: 24
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/1810-0201/issue/view/19846
完整期次
PEDAGOGY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
Methodical competence of higher educational institution lecturer: problem issues
摘要
We analyze problem aspects of formation and development of methodical competence of higher educational institution lecturer. The widening of lecturer’s professional functions is proved taking into consideration the implementation of entrepreneurial and innovation activities. We consider the correlation between methodical competence of lecturer and professional standard and Federal State Educational Standard of Higher Education 3++. Specifics of methodical competence as a type of professional preparedness is due to its personal and motivational, and pragmatist nature. It is shaped and develop while solving professional tasks. We suggest and reveal structural elements of methodical competence: motivational, cognitive and instrumental. The importance of motivational element is emphasized. This element is the basis of improvement process of methodical competences of higher educational institution lecturer. We consider possible paths of lecturer’s choice in cognitive dissonance situation, which arises during lecturer’s reflection on his methodical competence level. We present and analyze data of experimental research of lecturer’s opinions on improvement issues of different methodical aspects of professional activities. In the context of methodical competence development we consider problem issues of lecturers with pedagogical education and lecturer without basic pedagogical education.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):7-12
7-12
Issue of a teacher’s reading culture
摘要
We consider the current issue of changing the ways and quality of reading among modern readers of business and fiction literature and the task of improving reading culture. Features of development and interrelation of reading culture of preschool children, school children of different age groups, students and teachers are noted. The main attention is focused on the characteristics of teachers reading: the reader’s competence of primary and secondary school teachers is revealed. Competence of teachers associated with the ability to form students’ correct ways and qualities of reading skills, make library extracurricular reading in accordance with the laws of the formation of the circle of children’s reading, develop creative skills with the text. The significant intellectual ability of a teacher to make a comprehensive analysis of the work in preparation for the lessons of literary reading is revealed. Attention is paid to the educational competence of a teacher. We summarize the importance of the description of the existential foundations of reading for all groups of a reader’s qualifications, specifics, and functions of reading. In conclusion, the prospects for the development of a teacher’s reading culture are formulated.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):13-28
13-28
THEORY AND METHODS OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) as actualization methodology of interdisciplinary links in technical university
摘要
Interdisciplinary links being in line with the current Federal State Standard 3+ are the basis of integrative processes in the system of higher education. One of the forms of interdisciplinary links actualization is the methodology of Content and Language Integrated Learning which has made its way into higher education sphere in the recent years. The research aims at defining the role of Content and Language Integrated Learning in higher education, taking into account its essentially interdisciplinary nature. We consider the middle position of Content and Language Integrated Learning in teaching foreign languages on the imaginary scale between English for Specific Purposes and English as Medium of Instruction. The analysis of Content and Language Integrated Learning practices in use and problems relating to Content and Language Integrated Learning localization in foreign universities showed that the key factor of successful Content and Language Integrated Learning implementation is cooperation between language instructors and special discipline lecturers. Then the paper claims that Content and Language Integrated Learning methodology can be adopted in Russian technical universities in two main models. The first model draws on bilingual teaching of general scientific (e. g., mathematics) or engineering disciplines, the second one is based on the discipline “Professionally-oriented Foreign Language” which can be taught in the forms of “Introduction to a Specialty” or “Introduction to a Discipline” . At the same time the authors conclude that there is no universal model of Content and Language Integrated Learning implementation in modern university, with its localization depending on the potential of a particular higher education institution. It is also noted that the establishment of interdepartmental cooperation required for Content and Language Integrated Learning practice is a difficult organizational task.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):29-42
29-42
Difficulties in learning the phonetics of the Chinese language: basic mistakes and ways of correcting them
摘要
We dedicate our study to the importance of mastering the practical phonetics skills as a beginning step in learning the Chinese language. It reviews the basic problems Russian-speaking students have in the beginning of acquiring the phonetic competence, that are connected with the main specific characteristics of the phonetic system of the Chinese language and the differences between it and the phonetic system of the Russian language. The first part of the paper studies the main specific characteristics of the phonetics of the Chinese language and compares the phonetic systems of the Russian and Chinese languages. This part reviews the aspects of sound systems of the languages, the differences between which are most prominent. The purpose of this comparison is to recognize and describe the elements of the phonetic system of the Chinese language that cause the most difficulties to Russian-speaking students. The next part of the study is formulating the basic mistakes that are made by students in the beginning phase of acquiring the phonetic competence of the Chinese language. The connection between the main difficulties that appear in the learning process and the key differences between the phonetic systems of the Russian and Chinese languages is determined in this part of the study. The description of the mistakes is based on the materials gathered in course of studying the key aspects of the phonetic system of the Chinese language and comparing it to the phonetic system of the Russian language in those aspects, as well as personal observations. The recommendations for preventing and correcting the mistakes, which are based on the experience of the Chinese language teachers and personal observations, conclude the description of every type of mistakes.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):43-48
43-48
Teaching a foreign language for professional purposes course on the basis of the model of content and language integrated learning in an agricultural institution
摘要
The purpose of teaching foreign languages to students of non-linguistic areas of training is the development of a foreign-language communicative competence in the spheres of professional communication. In this regard, the thematic content of the training “Foreign Language for Professional Purposes” should be aimed at an in-profile specialization and reflect the specifics of not only the students’ specialization, but also the chosen profile of education within specialization. However, as the analysis of the main educational programs on a number of areas of training in agrarian universities and the curricula of the course “Foreign Language for Professional Purposes” shows, the thematic content of teaching a foreign language does not always reflect the specifics of the students’ specialization and the profile of training. In this paper we examine the main three models of teaching a foreign language for professional purposes: 1) a model of teaching a foreign language for specific purposes; 2) a model for teaching a profile discipline in a foreign language; 3) model of content and language integrated learning . On the basis of the analysis of models, the content of the discipline “Foreign Language for Professional Purposes” is proposed in the work, implemented on the basis of the model of teaching a profile discipline and a foreign language. We offer the subject content of teaching a foreign language, as well as the thematic content of this course on the example of the direction of preparation “Gardening” and two profiles: “Decorative Horticulture and Landscape Design” and “Fruit and Vegetable Growing and Viticulture”. The materials of the work testify that often the thematic content of the teaching of the discipline will be invariant regardless of the chosen training profile, and the part is variable, reflecting the specificity of the specific training profile.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):49-57
49-57
THEORY AND METHODS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING TEACHING
Some peculiarities of Kazakh national sports development on the example of West Kazakhstan Region
摘要
Peculiarities, trends and problems of Kazakh national sports development in the West Kazakhstan Region are presented. Analysis, data integration of specialist literature, examination of documentations, conversations were used in the research. The received data was interpreted on the basis of activity theory, culturology approach, and concept of combination of national and international in the field of physical education. The research was carried out at Natural Science Disciplines Department of West Kazakhstan Innovation Technological University (West Kazakhstan Region, Uralsk) in 2012-2017. Contradictory dynamics of the number of sport sections, athletes and acting trainers in urban and rural areas of the region is shown. A general positive trend in the development of function indexes of Kazakh national sports from 2012 to 2014 is marked, the emphasis is made on their culturology value. Problematic situations in the development of Kazakh national sports in the rural area are revealed concerning human resourcing, insufficient number of people of West Kazakhstan Region who are engaged in these sports. We can see that the development and functioning of Kazakh national sports are inhomogeneous, nevertheless, the urban population dominates because of better material and technical conditions, financial and human resourcing. The significance of Kazakh national sports is mentioned as a factor of increasing the level of massive participation of people on physical education and sports activities. It is the leading factor of “Physical Education” branch development, revival and reservation of rich national cultural traditions, education of young generation and health promotion, realization of new nationwide and regional strategies in physical education and sports, and it is also one of the most important direction of the Republic of Kazakhstan development for near-term and long-term prospects in accordance with new government documents that have appeared in recent years.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):58-65
58-65
Physical recreation of women students with the aid of artistic gymnastics
摘要
Information and emotional pressure along with low cultural level of students’ health way of living (inability to organize daily routine, work and rest efficiently, individual physical education and sports classes, spending long hours in front of a computer or a television) provoke syndromes of “early and chronic fatigue” and lower motional potential. In this regard the research of different means of physical education influence on students’ physical education acquires special pedagogical and social significance. Physical recreation has powerful resources for pedagogical influence on personal development of a student. Physical recreation compensates the lack of motional activity among students and forms the substantive basis of physical education and recreation activities during university years including physical exercises, sports and action games, hiking, physical activity breaks, skiing, health-improving run, working out at the gym. Essence and significance of physical recreation are revealed, the data are presented, which allows to form an opinion of women students’ attitude towards physical recreation and physical education and sports classes. It is shown that methods of artistic gymnastics classes are more effective, moreover, with the use of general direction of classes principle for preserving comfort zone of physical activity during strength exercises.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):66-73
66-73
Peculiarities of educational activities organization at the special (correctional) educational institutions of the 8 type and prospective directions of its development
摘要
For a long time the possibility of teaching and educating mentally retarded children was denied and the possibility of training was first proved by the French psychiatrist J. Itar in 1799. At present, the role of pedagogical influence does not cause doubts in the education and upbringing of these children. All the mentally retarded children are characterized by significant deviations in thinking, perception, speech activity, memory, attention, volitional processes, emotional sphere. These deviations not only negatively affect their education and upbringing, but also their socialization and integration into modern society. Therefore, the goal of education and training of a mentally retarded child is the formation and development of his vital skills and skills for his subsequent socialization and integration into modern society. A mentally retarded child must master the vital skills and abilities to the extent that they are individually available to him. The formation of a base of vital skills and skills requires a special approach and occupies one of the priority areas in the activities of special (correctional) educational institutions of the 8 type. But, despite the large number of works devoted to the education and upbringing of mentally retarded children, its socialization and integration into modern society is at present the most important social and pedagogical problem.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):74-79
74-79
On correlation between football and war: social and historical view
摘要
Bstract. The correlation between football and war is presented from the social and historical point of view. The necessity of such correlation is determined by the absence of social and historical analysis of sports functioning on the football example in the modern conditions of social development with progressive acts of hostility, social and political tension, and aggression that poses a real threat to existence of football, other popular sports, and the whole Olympic Movement as well. Such research methods as analysis, integration of information of specific literature, comparison, and examination of electronic resources were used. The research was carried out on the base of Belgorod National Research University (Russian Federation), University of Baghdad (Republic of Iraq) during 2015-2018. In whole 157 different sources are studied. Considering the correlation between football and war the historical facts are given that testify football as a unique social and historical means of interaction between football teams during time of peace and also as a means of hostility acts, conflicts and even acts of war. In addition to that football has become the means of temporary compromise between hostilities, demonstration of nobility and hardiness, and sometimes the cause of warmongering. The received data has been analyzed for the first time. The results of the research testify that football in social and historical context goes beyond training and competition activities. Social tendencies influence on the system of sports activity. Due to that sports became the tool of interaction between hostilities (teams or countries), prerequisites and consequences of which have obvious or hidden political, economical, ideological nature. The results of the research contribute to the widening of insights about social functions of sports in modern society and initiate new directions of history, sociology, and sports theory researches.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):80-85
80-85
On the impact of physical training on the development of the professionally important qualities of the aircrew
摘要
We consider the features of the organization of the physical preparation of the aircrew for professional work, an attempt is made to scientifically substantiate the effectiveness of the use of physical training in the process of combat training pilots through the study of accumulated theoretical experience. One of the most important components of the process of becoming a professional, along with the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities, is the development of professionally important qualities, the availability of which for certain types of activities is generally recognized. As a rule, professionally important qualities refer to individual personality traits, psychic and psychomotor, as well as physical qualities that contribute to mastering a certain profession and improving it. As a result of the studies, as the most important personal professionally important qualities were identified the following ones: general physical development: strength, speed, endurance, coordination of movements, long-term motivation for the profession of a military pilot, ability to correct self-esteem, ability to mental adaptation to various conditions, resistance to adverse effects, traits of character: dedication, perseverance, strong will, determination, courage, moral qualities: honesty, decency, sense of duty, partnership, social qualities: a propensity for leadership, interpersonal skills, correct value orientations, aspiration for professional perfection. Throughout the time, physical training programs have been constantly supplemented and undergone changes. This circumstance is associated with the continuing process of improving aviation equipment, as well as changing the requirements for military pilots.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):86-94
86-94
Methods of “arm lever inside” drill training as a component of police officers physical training
摘要
We have studied methodical aspects of combat drill training as an element of complex police officers physical training to the line of duty. On the basis of longstanding work with attendees on drill training and using combat techniques, particularly, “arm lever inside” technique, we made a conclusion that despite carrying out the technique is regulated strictly by methodical recommendations it is desirable to use the elements for its improvement. It will lead to faster and more qualitative skills mastering that is necessary for the line of duty. We recommend methods of “arm lever inside” drill training that includes studying techniques for two or three classes restrictions on freedom of movement twisting hands inside, followed by the use of its elements in the release of seizures and grabs, as well as protection from attacks with bladed weapons or other items. As part of the improvement of the technique of receiving the “arm lever inside” and its subsequent development, we propose in the end of the reception pressing the partner’s arm to hold the fixation of the enemy in a controlled position. This is determined by the fact that, in ignoring this recommendation, the situation remains poorly controlled and when resisting until the completion of admission, the student has to engage in combat, which does not always lead to the desired result in detention. The basis for the conclusion was an in-depth study and practice of admission to additional classes with employees who want to improve their performance in physical development, including fighting techniques. In the conclusion noted that practicing the technique with fixation and retention within six months of training three times a week during extra classes in physical training provides a lot of confidence in its holding, the faster and more precise performance.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):95-101
95-101
ТЕОРИЯ И МЕТОДИКА ОБУЧЕНИЯ ИНФОРМАТИКЕ
The road to the truth is better than “a field guide to lies”
摘要
Recently the issue of quality information search has become especially relevant due to the communication media development and the advent of “post-truth” epoch. Nevertheless, this theme has not been developed sufficiently in the scientific papers, especially in the context of higher education content. We consider the reasons of the fake news advent, formulate the notion of quality of information, suggest the strategy of quality information active search in the scientific and educational Internet resources. We give the examples for the main statements of the article. The carried out research has shown that despite the huge information noise the Internet has scientific and educational resources with quality information. We suggest to use the results of the research in the educational sphere, for teaching students the methods of quality information search.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):102-110
102-110
Modern system of education in the field of information security in the Russian Federation
摘要
The modern education system in the field of information security in the Russian Federation, based on consideration of educational and professional standards is analyzed. It is shown that the training of specialists in the protection of information includes secondary vocational and higher education, implemented by higher educational institutions and professional educational organizations. The conclusion is made that the system of education in the field of information security correlates with the system of professional information protection activities. Thus, the requirements for the knowledge, skills, and abilities of graduates of secondary and higher education institutions in the field of information security largely coincide with similar requirements for knowledge, skills, and abilities of employees whose professional activity is related to the group of “Specialists of Information Security”. Differences in knowledge, skills (working practices) of graduates and employees based on the analysis of standards are studied. The quantitative indicators of educational programs of Russian universities are analyzed. The demand for a single-level system in the field of information security is grounded in connection with the complexity and multifaceted nature of the activities of graduates-future specialists in information protection. The substantive component of training specialists was considered in detail, conclusions were drawn that all areas of training are focused on the training of highly qualified specialists capable of solving problems of providing information security from the natural, technical and legal aspects of the humanitarian component.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):111-120
111-120
ПСИХОЛОГИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ
Test control functions contributing to conservation and strengthening of students’ psychological health
摘要
Questions of conservation and strengthening of psychological health of students are considered. The main approaches to the definition of the concept of psychological health are analyzed. We adhere the definition of I.V. Dubrovina, who regards psychological health as a dynamic aggregate of psychic properties that ensure harmony between various aspects of a person’s personality, as well as between a person and society, and the possibility of a person’s full functioning in the process of life activity. The need to preserve and strengthen health is also confirmed by the federal law “On Education in the Russian Federation”. The concepts of psychological health are generalized. The influence of methods of pedagogy on the psychological state of students is determined. The choice of teaching methods depends on the psychological state of the student and the social climate of the class. The history of creating tests is analyzed. The main types of tests are identified. The advantages and disadvantages of using tests to control the knowledge of students, their training and upbringing are considered. The influence of the test control on the psychological state of the students and on the formation of personal qualities was studied. The functions of test control are detailed: didactic, educational, diagnostic and preventive and corrective. The methods of diagnostics and correction are proposed, which allow minimize the risks associated with the incorrect use of test control.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):121-127
121-127
ПЕДАГОГИКА ДОШКОЛЬНОГО И НАЧАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Artistic and aesthetic activity as the condition of emotional welfare of children of the fifth year of life
摘要
The emotional well-being of children in the middle preschool age is discussed and description of the empirical research on the formation of emotional well-being in children of the fifth year of life in artistic and aesthetic activities is presented. The possibility of successful deve- lopment of the emotional sphere of children, including the state of emotional well-being in music, pictorial, theatrical and gaming activities is shown. The main indicators of emotional well-being: the level of the child’s relationship to himself, peers, adults, the general emotional tone, the ability of the child to determine the emotional state of another person, the level of empathy (sympathy) that the child demonstrates in verbal and non-verbal terms. The contents of the classes include assignments for the development of emotional expression, the formation of children’s experience of emotional response in the process of acquaintance with the alphabet of expressing emotions, the implementation of a complex of plastic-pantomime sketches and emotional-sensory games. The content of classes and cultural and recreational activities is aimed at enriching the emotional experience of preschool children, the formation of a positive attitude towards peers, the skills of interaction with peers and adults, the development of child-parent relations. The conducted research has shown that children’s artistic and aesthetic activity is a means of organizing the affective component of the child’s personality, an important condition for his emotional well-being and positive personal development.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):128-135
128-135
Formation of universal learning activities of younger schoolchildren as a pedagogical problem
摘要
Formation of universal learning activities in the system of elementary education as a pedagogical problem is considered. The bases of “universal learning activities” notion are revealed. The research highlights significantly the studies of Russian scientists in the field of systemic and personal approach to formation of universal learning activities. The basic approaches to the formation of universal learning activities are analyzed, necessity of the formation of universal learning activities of younger schoolchildren is revealed and proved. Basic principles of personal, regulative and communicative universal learning activities are examined, and peculiarities of the development are examined as well. Possible ways of development and formation of universal learning activities by the means of learning collaboration are determined. Basic complementary provisions of the formation of universal learning activities are also analyzed. The stages of the formation of universal learning activities of younger schoolchildren are revealed, realization of the carried out process is proved from the point of view of practicability of the suggested system. Researches on new formations of elementary-school age pupils are considered. The special attention is paid to the universal learning activities. The peculiar features of the new formations of that age are emphasized and described. A characteristic of basic new formations of elementary-school age has the significant role in the research. Basic approaches for examining issues of the formation of universal learning activities of younger schoolchildren are studied and proved, the following blocks of universal learning activities are identified: personal, regulative, communicative. It is proved that establishment and formation of universal learning activities are contributed by the educational activity of elementary school pupils. The personal development of a younger schoolchild is considered from its very first stages. The role of the formation of a younger schoolchild’s skill “to learn” is proved. Different views on the process of the formation of universal learning activities of schoolchildren of younger school age are discussed. The carried out research is of interest for specialists in the field of pedagogy and psychology of elementary education system.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):136-144
136-144
THEORY AND METHODS OF SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ACTIVITY ORGANIZATION
Current aspects of professional staff training for creative leisure industry
摘要
The relevance of the study is due to the fact that today culture is seen as the determining factor of social and economic changes and the resource potential of the region, which requires the training of personnel possessing advanced innovative methods and technologies in the sphere of the leisure industry. The goal of the research was to study the classification of forms and types of leisure industry, to develop programs for training and retraining personnel for enterprises of the creative leisure industry and cultural and recreational facilities in Moscow. Such methods as analysis of scientific sources, normative legal documents and pedagogical practice, theoretical design were used in the research. The problem in the development of the creative leisure industry is revealed, which consists in insufficient training of personnel for the given social and economic sphere of the region, a classification of the types and forms of creative leisure was developed, the need for the development of pedagogical theory and socio-cultural practice was grounded, the need for the development and scientific and methodological support of the system of training personnel in the conditions of higher professional education is revealed, the scientific prerequisites for the pedagogical design of educational programs and the requirements for their creation in the system of higher professional education are revealed, in the conditions of the Institute of Culture and Arts of the Moscow City University. The introduction of the developed educational system is justified by the interaction of the university and the enterprises of the creative leisure industry, which is an important pedagogical condition for the development of both cultural institutions and high-quality professional training for future staff.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):145-152
145-152
Innovativeness of Anatoliy Vasiliev’s directing pursuits
摘要
Anatoly Alexandrovich Vasiliev is a world-famous director, teacher and honoured artist of Russia and reformer of the Russian theatre of the turn of the 20-21th centuries, who opened new ways of stage art. The innovation of experimental pursuits of A.A. Vasiliev is considered, he managed to creatively develop a method based on the achievements of the Russian psychological school and obtained in GITIS from the hands of M.O. Knebel, former student of K.S. Stanislavskiy. In the unique author’s theater “School of Dramatic Art” created by him which has no analogues in the world the director subjected the research and development of the method of analysis of the play and the actor’s work on the role in the psychological theater. A.A. Vasiliev tried to develop a method of acting technique in the acting theater. For the period of work in the Theater named after K.S. Stanislavskiy, Taganka Theater, in the laboratory of “School of Dramatic Art” on the material of plays M. Gorky, V.I. Slavkin, Plato, T. Mann, A.S. Pushkin he sought to overcome the psychological theater, to find a way of the actor’s existence in the acting theater, to educate an actor capable of combining spirituality and morality with a special technique of the game. A.A. Vasiliev in the process of setting performances on A.S. Pushkin opens a new way of work of the actor on the role. Not immersion in the proposed circumstances of the role and assignment, but the appropriation of the author’s thoughts and remote removal of the person-actor from the image of the “character” and the establishment of game relationships between them. In the “Cry of Jeremiah” by V.I. Martynov, “Joseph and His Brothers” by T. Mann, the director tried to connect religion and theater. The laboratories conducting research work in the theater “School of Dramatic Art”, A.A. Vasiliev’s students and associates, continuing experimental work after his departure in France, are discussed.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):153-165
153-165
NATIONAL HISTORY
The meaning of the term “fryagi” in the Tale of Past Years
摘要
It is reasonably proved that the opinion which classifies the Genoeses like the “fryagi” of the Japhet’s tribe in the Tale of Past Years isn’t based on the real facts. This statement is deeply fixed in the science and in the translations of the most ancient chronicle. It is based on the texts of the Kulikovo cycle where the term “fryagi” is used. But the analysis of these and some other sources demonstrates that this term got the specific content only if it was geographically and ethnically localizated. Without it is absolutely impersonal (as well as the term “nemtsi” which was used to name a big part of the West-European people). That is why the interpretation of the term “fryagi” of the chronicle as the Genoeses is incorrect. The true point of view was expressed by V.N. Tatishchev who stated that the “fryagi” were the Franks. Herewith the “vendizi”, the fryagi’s neighbors, are not the Venetians, but the polabian and South Baltic Slavs named “wends” which played a very important role in the history of Central and Eastern Europe in the 11th-12th centuries. They are linked to the Varangians and the Rus who came, according to the chronicle, to the eastern Slavs in 862 and took a very active part in their life.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):166-173
166-173
Reflection of the processes of resettlement in the Upper Amur Region in “mirror of oikonymy”: historical and cultural overview
摘要
The names of settlements (oikonyms) of the Upper Amur Region are studied. The development of this region began in the second half of the 17th century by Russian Cossacks. Nevertheless, in the following years (especially after the “Aygun treaty”), the oikonyms of this region began to acquire their own specifics. It is to these problems that research is turned. A number of researchers used to address this problem, but the relevance of the work presented is to generalize and present a holistic “oikonymic portrait” of the relocation of human groups and communities from other regions of the Russian state. Equally important is the application of the combined approach to the history of the development of Upper Amur region: geographical, historical and linguistic. The analysis of geographical names, formed in the 17-20th centuries and preserved on the map of the 21th century, is carried out. The isoglossar approach and the “level method”, which was previously developed by us, are partially used. The use of the analysis of toponyms for the history of the development of the Far East (and in particular of the Amur region) was not used so often. However, the names of settlements carry not only “ideological coloring”, but also features (aspects) of the movement of groups of people united by a single goal or common common residence. There are other sides in the history of settlement of the Far Eastern region. As a result of the analysis, the peculiarities of the distribution of toponyms of the “resettlement type”, the main periods of their appearance, the dynamics of distribution were revealed. The main reasons for the appearance of oikonyms “transferred” from the western regions of the state are indentified, and the imperative of problems in the study of the oikonymy of areas of late settlement is revealed. In addition, the relationship between the number, prevalence of oikonyms of “overpopular” this or that character and the national composition in the Upper Amur region is revealed.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):174-180
174-180
Orthodox monasteries of Tambov Region in the 18th century
摘要
The problem of the relationship between the church and the state is considered, which at the current historical stage acquire new features. In a concrete study the goal is to determine the degree of influence of the church state policy on the position of the Orthodox monasteries of the Tambov Region in the 18th century. In addition, one of the main tasks is to disclose the causes and stages of the emergence and spread of monasteries in the region, both in the northern and southern parts of the region in the process of Christianization of the region. In connection with the geographical conditions that directly influenced the location and peculiarities of the monastic activities in the region, an objective assessment and classification of the monasteries was given. The general and, in particular, the material condition of some monasteries at the turn of the 17th and 18th centuries are analyzed, an attempt is made to disclose the reasons for the abolition of many of them in the process of secularization. The issues of monastic construction, the development of culture and crafts, the state and dynamics of the book collections of the libraries of the Kozlovskiy Troitskiy Monastery and the Sarov Hermitage are considered. The multi-faceted educational and administrative activities of Bishop Theophilus Raev in the late 18th century are described. Thus, an overall assessment and consequences of the impact of state reforms on the state of monasteries in the region are presented. The outlined prospects and vectors for further development of monastic activities in the Tambov Region are shown, the positive and negative consequences of which will be realized in the next century.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):181-188
181-188
On some peculiarities of civilization types (on the issue “Russia and the West”)
摘要
We consider the centuries-old problem of Russian socio-political thought about its civilizational relationship with the West due to the new aggravation in recent years. The attention is focused on the main reasons for the differences between us, related to the difference of objective factors that form civilizational types, such as geography, climate, religion, mentality and others, which give advantages to one, create an erroneous idea of their place and role in the world and the right to dictate to other peoples their rules and conditions, which inevitably leads the world to conflicts on the basis of the absolutization of the Western vision of the world. The Russian philosophers’ statements in the 19-20 centuries (N.Y. Danilevskiy, Eurasianists, and others) on the role and place of Russia in the world and its priorities became prophetic. We suggest that the fundamental properties and principles of non-Western civilizational types are more acceptable for international relations in terms of their humanity and justice.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):189-194
189-194
Development of small towns in Russia as a factor of new architectural and spatial solutions formation of the late 19th - early 20th century
摘要
It is dedicated to architectural, economical and social mechanisms of small town development as a research subject of urban and rural habitat. The late 19th - early 20th century is the period of cardinal changes in different spheres of people’s life and activities. The attempt of established principles reconstruction of society organization in order to resolve the most pressing problems of that time has led to the changes in the sphere of urban and rural architecture. In the early 20 century the differences between notions “town” and “village” and contradiction of construction principles of urban and rural settlement became so critical that the necessity of creation of some contiguous instrument of urban development and social resettlement has led to creation of numerous architectural and urban development conceptions. Universal reformation in the relation to village and town architectural and spatial solutions in terms of fast pace of industrialization development became the main goal of the projects. Such sociocultural and architectural and spatial phenomenon as labor and factory settlements became one of the most important factor of a new concept formation of resettlement within the country in 1920s. Their formation and development were carried out at the charity expense and due to active role of entrepreneurs of the late 19th century.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):195-202
195-202
Vladivostok maritime port and Russian maritime shipping position at the Far East in the period from 1905 to 1914
摘要
The activities of the Vladivostok port in the period from 1905 to 1914 are shown, special attention is paid to the position of the port under conditions of industrial expansion, the activities of special meetings and commissions that have developed port development projects and proposals for improving its management are disclosed. The analysis of the views of such researchers as V.P. Byankin, A.I. Krushanov, N.A. Belyaeva, Y.D. Filippov, A.A. Illarionov, A.A. Gvozdarev, G. Orlenko and other authors, who historically consistently traced the stages of the formation and development of domestic navigation in the Far East, showed the tasks that maritime transport solved in economic development and development of the Russian outskirts. Using archival documents we also summarize the new material obtained from archival documents of the Russian State Historical Archives of the Far East and the State Archive of the Primorye Territory, from which we saw changes in the management of the Commercial Port of Vladivostok. The activities of special meetings and commissions that developed port development projects and proposals for improving its management were disclosed. The general description of the projects of the Commercial Port of Vladivostok establishment is given, the regulatory framework regulating the order of port administration is analyzed. Attention is drawn to the inconsistency of the organization of the port administration, which generated numerous interdepartmental contradictions between the naval, the military with one and civilian departments. The conclusion is made that the Commercial Port of Vladivostok needs modernization of infrastructure facilities and expansion of access roads in connection with increased freight turnover. The allocation of state subsidies for the maintenance of regular flights to the shipping companies promoted the further economic development of domestic industry in the Far East and contributed to the expansion of maritime navigation in the region.
Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities. 2018;23(173):203-208
203-208