Vol 28, No 2 (2025)
DEMOGRAHFY: THEORY AND PRACTICE ISSUES
Climate factor in the demography of Russian regions (2017–2023).
Abstract
The subject of the study is the permanent population of the regions of the Russian Federation on average for 2017–2023. The topic of the study is the climatic factor of birth rates, mortality and interregional migration of the population of the regions of Russia on average for 2017–2023. The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the presence or absence of relationships between the climatic factor and demographic indicators of the population of the regions of Russia based on average data for 2017–2023. The research method is demographic statistical analysis. The source of statistics for calculations is Rosstat. Results and conclusions of the study: it is revealed that the relationship between the population mortality indicator — life expectancy at birth with the climatic factor, expressed in the form of the Bodman index, is moderate — the coefficient of determination of the paired linear relationship is 33%. This means that regional differences in the mortality rate of the population of Russia explained by the climatic factor by a third. As the climate becomes more severe, the life expectancy of the population in regions decreases. At the regional level of the Russian Federation, the connection between the Bodman index and interregional migration indicator — coefficient of the effectiveness of migration links, as well as the connection between birth rate indicator — total fertility rate (TFR) with this climate index, is weak. Nevertheless, the problem of climate migration in Russia at the regional level exists. However, it is quite difficult to identify it for the entire set of subjects of the Russian Federation, since the country has single centers of attraction for all other regions of the country, regardless of the climate of the latter. Economic factor plays a greater role here. It is noticeably related to the climate of the regions. The weak relationship between the total fertility rate (TFR) and the climate factor can be explained by heterogeneity of the totality of regions of Russia in terms of significant factors of birth rate, such as religion, type of terrain, characteristics of employment of the local population. Higher birth rate of the population is traditionally characteristic, on the one hand, of the peoples living in the regions of the North of the Russian Federation with a harsh climate, professing shamanism and similar religions. On the other hand — of the peoples of the South of the European part of Russia with a mild climate and the South of Siberia.
Population. 2025;28(2):4-15
4-15
Family patterns in achieving performance indicators for the heads of constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify the influence of family patterns on the planned number of children in a family and on building marriage and family relations among young people in order to assess the effectiveness of the activities of senior officials of the Russian Federation. Dominant variables are also fundamental in other development strategies for regions of the Russian Federation. The authors’ approach (methodology) is based on the analysis of secondary data sources (statistical socio-economic indicators of the regions of Russia) and primary ones — the authors’ survey conducted in 2024 and 2017 based on comparable tools and a quota sample (the first cut in 2017(N = 1400), the second (pilot) in 2024 (N = 450)). For the possibility of econometric analysis and metric estimation of proxy indicators from the EDDF, they were correlated with statistical markers from ROSSTAT to build a correlation matrix (based on the use of multiple linear regression). This made it possible to identify and determine the level of dependencies that turned out to be «high» and «very high» (the correlation coefficient r is from 0.72 to 0.96) between the selected variables. Analysis of the primary data showed that today it is important for people to preserve the institution of family: more than half of the respondents (58.1%) consider it «extremely important», and a third (35%) — «important». It was found that the «orientation» towards having many children has a positive trend — almost a quarter (24.7%) of respondents want their families to have more than 2 children. This trend was analyzed based on a query system and identification of a correlation between the answers to the questions «about the desired number of children» and «how many children were in your parents’ family» (based on the calculated data from two cross-sections). The constructed trend lines using the «Least squares method» and «Third degree Polynomial approximation» proved the closeness of the relationship. Thus, the relationship between family patterns and the «desired» number of children was confirmed. The developed approach can be used not only in the EDDF, but also in monitoring other National Development Projects, and can also be useful to researchers and managers who deal with demographic problems and assess socio-economic indicators of the development of the regions of the Russian Federation.
Population. 2025;28(2):16-28
16-28
Mortality in two capital cities of Russia
Abstract
The article examines mortality trends in Russia’s largest cities, Moscow and St. Petersburg, from 1990 to 2022, in the context of overall urban population data for Russia. This period was chosen due to availability of Rosstat data and the opportunity to analyze mortality across the entire «post-Soviet Russia» era. The study pays particular attention to child and adolescent mortality, working-age mortality, and gender differences. There were used methods of descriptive statistics, Kendall’s concordance coefficients to assess consistency in mortality ratings by cause for Moscow, St. Petersburg, and Russia as a whole, standardized mortality rates, and graphical analysis. Mortality rates were standardized according to the 2013 New European Standard. The study results show key similarities and differences in mortality intensity and dynamics between Moscow and St. Petersburg. They not only highlight differences in mortality rates between the two cities but also provide a foundation for further research on mortality in other large cities and urban populations across Russia. The conclusions can be used in developing strategies and measures aimed at reducing mortality in major Russian cities, with a focus on specific age groups. Additionally, the findings are of significance for short-term demographic forecasting, healthcare planning, and addressing social challenges related to urban well-being.
Population. 2025;28(2):29-41
29-41
Transformation of the population structure in the northern regions of Western Siberia: factors and consequences
Abstract
The relevance of the study lies in the gradual change of the socio-economic conditions for further development of the northern territories of Western Siberia. Traditionally, the basis of their development was oil and gas production, which ensured population growth and infrastructure construction: beginning of development of the oil and gas industry in the 1960s and its further development led to an influx of labor resources to Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrugs. Attractiveness of these territories for the workforce from other regions was due to high wages and benefits provided there. However, in the context of the current decline in oil production, the key tasks are to preserve the demographic stability and social well-being of northern cities. Thus, the purpose of the study was to analyze the current state and prospects for socio-demographic development of the northern regions of Western Siberia under the conditions of further decrease in oil and gas production.The analysis was based on data from the population censuses of the late 1980s (data from earlier All–Union censuses of 1959 and 1979 were partially used for comparison) — 2021. As a result, the main stages of development of the northern cities of Western Siberia were considered, changes in their socio-demographic structure and migration processes were analyzed. There has been revealed predominantly negative dynamics of the population in the territories under consideration, that leads to a change in the sex and age composition of these territories, characterized by increasing dynamics in population aging and growing proportion of women among the entire population. There is also a gradual replacement of the Russian population by other national groups (mainly from Central Asia). It is concluded that further diversification of the economy of these territories is necessary — creation of new types of economic activity that will save jobs and prevent further outflow of people. An important role in this process is played by the state policy, the analysis and assessment of which is a promising direction for further research.
Population. 2025;28(2):42-56
42-56
Socio-demographic portrait of external migrant in the Republic of Karelia in 2022-2024
Abstract
When forming migration policy at different levels, it is necessary to take into account many factors, consider the specifics of the territories involved in the migration process, and systematically study the socio-demographic characteristics of migrants. The aim of the study is to compile a socio-demographic portrait of an external migrant in the Republic of Karelia in 2024 in comparison with its key characteristics in 2022. To achieve this goal, the authors identified the main characteristics of the socio-demographic portrait, and made a comparative analysis of the «portrait» of an external migrant before and after the start of the special military operation. The main research method was the statistical analysis of such information sources as scientific literature, data from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), as well as reports from the Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Karelia (RK). The authors conclude that in the context of the changing foreign policy situation caused by the Russian Federation’s special military operation in Ukraine, the volume and flows of international migrants to the Republic of Kazakhstan are changing. However, the main parameters of the socio-demographic portrait of the international (external) migrant remain the same as before the pandemic and the beginning of the special military operation. The Republic of Karelia on the whole repeats the all-Russian trends related to the external migration of the population. Due to the fact that part of the region is part of the Arctic zone, there is an active inter-regional migration of the population: from Karelia to the central and more southern regions. This trend raises the question of the effectiveness of government policy in supporting residents of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The most dynamically moving groups of the population are people of working age, women with higher education.
Population. 2025;28(2):57-69
57-69
QUALITY AND LIVING CONDITIONS OF POPULATION
Multidimensional analysis of the population living standards in the Republic of Belarus
Abstract
The issue of ensuring sustainable growth in living standards for the socially oriented economy of the Republic of Belarus is one of the most significant indicators of its effectiveness. In the context of the development of the Union State, this issue is also important as a component of strengthening the economic ties between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. Given the low level of attention to this issue in the academic community, the study seems relevant. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of the Union State on changes in living standards in Belarus. The hypothesis is that cooperation within the Union State contributes to an improvement in the living standards. To achieve this goal, there was used a systematic approach based on a dynamic standard method for assessment of the living standards in regions of Belarus. The following key findings were obtained during the study: 1) The hypothesis of a direct impact of the Union State on the living standards in the Republic of Belarus has not been confirmed; 2) Regions with significant deviations from the average standard of living in Belarus have been identified. These deviations are explained by the connection between the components of the socio-economic system; 3) It has been proven that the economic cooperation with Russia has a significant impact on the living standards in Belarus. However, the Union State only serves as a driver of this cooperation. The theoretical significance of this study lies in the fact that it is the only work on the living standards in Belarus based on a comprehensive analysis of the socio-economic context. The practical significance of this proposal lies in both the development of tools for monitoring living standards based on a variety of economic and social indicators, and in the analysis of the social integration within the Union State, which can be applied by the governing bodies. The article proposes to address the issues related to poverty and living standards in the regions of the Republic of Belarus by providing a comprehensive system for data collection and analysis. This system would allow for a more accurate understanding of the economic and social conditions within each region, as well as the disparities between them. Additionally, this proposal includes an analysis of the social integration, which is essential for ensuring the cohesion and stability of the Union State. By studying the integration of different groups within the Union State, we can identify areas where further efforts are needed to promote equality and cooperation.
Population. 2025;28(2):70-82
70-82
The origin of poverty in Mongolia today: an economic and geographical analysis
Abstract
Poverty in Mongolia remains a pressing concern, as it not only affects trade relations with neighboring countries but also has implications for stability within the country. Therefore, understanding the reasons for poverty’s resistance to efforts to eradicate it and identifying its underlying causes is crucial. The goal of the study is to identify causes for the persistence of poverty and its geographic distribution. Through this research, three groups of factors were identified that contribute to the persistence of poverty: environmental and climatic, geo-economic, and socio-cultural. For each group of factors, there were obtained results justifying the persistence of poverty. Thus, it has been proven that Mongolia is in a geographical dead end (being far from the Coast of the World Ocean and sandwiched between the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China), while the nature climatic features of its territory dictate nomadic lifestyle and specific agricultural practices (pasture husbandry), which in turn explain the distribution of poverty across aimags (regions of Mongolia). Trade cooperation with the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China influences Mongolia’s economy and stimulates its development, although it has no direct impact on poverty dynamics. Key economic problems explain the weak correlation between the economic development and poverty, emphasizing socio-cultural factors as the most significant contributors to poverty persistence.
Population. 2025;28(2):83-95
83-95
Patients’ satisfaction with the quality of medical care in the capital’s polyclinics
Abstract
Cooperation between a medical professional and a patient is the main value of medical organization work and the key to improving the quality of specialists. Patient’s satisfaction with medical care received is an important indicator of the quality of work of state medical organizations in Moscow. The purpose of the study is to examine predictors of patient’s dissatisfaction with medical care, trust in medical organizations in general, which allow adjusting the work of medical organizations, building the interaction between a doctor and a patient in a positive way. The study is based on Rosstat data — Sample Health Monitoring Survey conducted in 2024 in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation. 98961 people aged 15 and older were surveyed, 41.8% of men and 58.2% of women. Residents of Moscow make up 6.8% (6743 people), Moscow Oblast — 4.2% (4114 people). In Moscow, 81% of those who applied to state medical organizations are satisfied with the medical care provided. Dissatisfaction is related to organizational and communication deficiencies. Organizational problems include long waiting times at clinic reception, appointments for examinations (62%), lack of necessary equipment and medicines (44%), uncomfortable conditions (24%), poor sanitary conditions (10%). Secondary analysis of the data from the Sample Health Monitoring Survey is connected with information limitations. The list of elements that affect patients’ satisfaction with the quality of medical care is not limited to those available in the specified database. Infrastructure deficiencies are the most significant predictors of patient dissatisfaction with medical care in general. Professionalism of doctors is also a significant factor, but it is only in third place in terms of contribution to overall patient satisfaction with medical care. Women and patients from older age groups are more often dissatisfied with the quality of medical care. However, in the presence of infrastructural or communication deficiencies, personal qualities of patients cease to matter.
Population. 2025;28(2):96-104
96-104
Problems of accessibility of the tourist environment in Russia for people with disabilities
Abstract
In recent years, the field of inclusive tourism has become an increasingly popular topic for scientific publications. The inclusive direction in tourism is a relatively new and, judging by current statistics, a relevant direction in the field of organized recreation in Russia. The purpose of the presented work is to assess the current state of development of the tourism sector for people with disabilities in Russia, to review the experience of foreign countries, as well as the possibilities of adapting the best foreign practices to the Russian tourism industry. Analysis of statistical indicators of the development of an accessible environment in Russia and other countries was carried out. The main source of data is Rosstat. Processing of the initial data is carried out using the methods of time series analysis, system analysis, synthesis, induction. It is concluded that the future of inclusive tourism is based on three development factors: information, transport and infrastructure. In other words, prople with disabilities should have options for unimpeded arrival, accommodation and movement for tourist purposes in populated areas and between them, and should also be aware of such options. The paper assesses the present level of development of these areas in the sphere of Russian inclusive tourism with analysis of statistical data. It is noted that, despite the positive dynamics, in general, the process of removing barriers for people with disabilities in the tourism sector of Russia is at an early stage of development. Increased attention to the availability of tourism services for all citizens at the state level is present in adoption of the «Strategy for the Development of Tourism in the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2035», which contains points for the development of inclusive tourism.
Population. 2025;28(2):105-116
105-116
Socio-economic aspects of the implementation of medical and pedagogical technologies in rehabilitation of childhood autism
Abstract
In modern society, medical and demographic problems come to the fore due to the increasing level of pathological health conditions of the population. Based on the conducted research and literature reviews, prevalence of the birth of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in the modern world is increasing every year, therefore, the issues of therapeutic, diagnostic and rehabilitation character are especially relevant today from the socio-economic point of view of the development of society. The article discusses the possibilities of creating favorable conditions for organizing medical-psychological, pedagogical, social and educational adaptation of children with autism spectrum disorders. The purpose of the study is to identify the interdependent relationship between the implementation of rehabilitation measures for children with autism spectrum disorders aimed at involving them in the process of social reproduction and increasing the indicators of the medical and demographic nature of the development of Russian society in the future periods of time. The authors have identified the main directions in improving the system of providing social services to the population in terms of their accessibility and quality in order to preserve the country’s demographic fund, which contribute to implementation of the National Projects «Demography», «Health Care», and also help to implement the guarantees and rights of their citizens, create new jobs through stimulating the social services market, creating an extensive, penetrating system of social services, and effective spending of the budget funds. The results obtained have both theoretical and practical significance for organizers, managers and economic specialists in the field of development and implementation of medical, rehabilitation, socio-psychological and pedagogical technologies and services in the rehabilitation process for children with ASD.
Population. 2025;28(2):117-128
117-128
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ISSUES OF DIGITALIZATION
Artificial intelligence as an effective tool for measuring and planning the quality of life of the Russian population
Abstract
Russia’s accession to the UN International sustainable development program involves solving a number of social problems and, above all, combating poverty and smoothing out monetary (in terms of monetary income). Solution to these problems at the present stage of our country’s development is complicated by the military conflict in Ukraine. The collective West is exerting unprecedented sanctions pressure on the national economy. In this situation, the issue of improving the state’s social policy is becoming more relevant, which, in turn, also involves development of tools for monitoring the quality of life of the population of our country. This study is devoted to development and testing of the author’s approach for a comprehensive assessment of the quality of life of the Russian population at the meso-level of management using artificial intelligence. The rating of Russian regions, based on the quality of life of the population, was carried out using the index method. The rating for 2023 was headed by the Republic of Tatarstan, but not, as usual (according to the results presented in other thematic works), by Moscow. The capital of our country took second place in the rating in 2023 (in the previous year, it also practically shared second and third place with St. Petersburg). The relatively low place in the rating is explained by the fact that Moscow was only in 56th place in the third sub-rating, which characterizes the level of poverty and inequality of the population by income. Hence, the capital of the country at the current stage of development is, without exaggeration, a city of contrasts in terms of poverty and monetary inequality of the population. Artificial intelligence allows us to do a correct grouping of subjects of the Russian Federation by the quality of life of the population. With its help, factor analysis is also deepened, and, consequently, the mechanism for planning and forecasting the phenomenon under study is improved. Ultimately, the results of the thematic assessment using artificial intelligence can be taken into account when adjusting the state’s social policy.
Population. 2025;28(2):129-144
129-144
Blogging — a hobby or a profession? Students’ attitudes
Abstract
The article considers current issues of blogging as a new phenomenon in the field of digital communication and social and labor activity. The attitude towards blogging among representatives of different generations is ambiguous, and the associations with this concept are highly variable and have not been sufficiently studied. The purpose of the study is to identify differences in students’ opinions about blogging depending on their age group, their belonging to generation Z or Y. The key research question is whether blogging is perceived primarily as a profession or a hobby. The object of the study is student youth of generations Z (Zoomers) and Y (Millennials). The empirical base was the data from a survey of bachelor students (N = 539 people). The results obtained showed differences in ideas about blogging depending on age. Thus, 51.4% of the representatives of Generation Z consider blogging as a profession, while 28.6% consider it a hobby. Representatives of Generation Y have opposite opinions: 20.1% consider blogging a profession, and 47.9% — a hobby. The main attractive aspects of blogging as a profession were identified: the opportunity to do what you love, self-realization, remote work and flexible hours. Generations Z and Y agree that the working conditions of a blogger facilitate achieving a balance between work and personal life. The main disadvantages of professional blogging are related to uncertainty of self-employment conditions: labor and financial instability, as well as overemployment. It was found that generational differences in the perception of blogging as a profession do not affect the motivation to choose it: 25% of the representatives of Generation Z and 22% of Generation Y would like to become bloggers. The results of the study are of theoretical importance for specialists involved in new forms of employment. In practical terms, development of the legal status of blogging and elaboration of educational and professional standards for this activity seem promising.
Population. 2025;28(2):145-159
145-159
The role of new media in enhancing adolescents’ digital life quality
Abstract
The study aims to investigate the effect of new media on the quality of digital life for a sample of adolescents based on the descriptive analytical approach. The teenage period is one of the most dangerous stages of human life, and the era of technology and the presence of new digital media posed a great danger to the life of this group, which requires attention to study the effects of these phenomena. The study uses two questionnaires; the first is about using new media, and the second is about the quality of digital life. Participants (N=192) are adolescents residing in UAE who study in secondary schools and range in age from 13 to 16. The results show the significant role of the new media in enhancing adolescents’ Digital Quality of Life. Findings also indicate statistically significant differences between respondents’ interests when using new media applications in favor of those with scientific interests; they score the highest mean 4,62. Also, there are statistically significant differences between the respondents when choosing their favorite means of communication; the differences are in favor of Facebook by an arithmetic mean of 4,5, then Tik Tok with 4,39, followed by Instagram with 4,26, then Twitter — 3,88, and finally Telegram — 3,79. The study recommendations refer to the importance of the new media today as one of the main factors that must be considered, especially when dealing with adolescents and their perceptions.
Population. 2025;28(2):160-170
160-170
FINANCIAL BEHAVIOR OF POPULATION
The role of the tax on professional income in ensuring employment and legalizing the labor activity of the population
Abstract
The change in the Russian labor market structure in the modern conditions affect to a large extent the new employment forms and types formation processes, that enhances the need to increase the informal activities and self-employment transparency. Finding and developing adequate tools for reducing informal employment and legalizing labor relations problems are coming to the fore. The article is focused on promising tax regulation instruments, in particular, development of the tax on professional income in the Russian Federation, its role in stimulating entrepreneurial activity and involving self-employed people in legal business. The present state of the self-employed taxation system in the Russian Federation has been analyzed. On the basis of the study it was found that: 1) the new tax regime implementation in practice reduces the shadow economy growth; 2) despite the extending of the tax to professional income and the growing number of the self-employed, the tax revenues are at the level of no more than 0.23 per cent of the total state tax revenues; 3) the revenues share from the simplified taxation system decreases when the tax is extended to professional income; 4) the structure of the tax system is projected to change in relation to decrease in the tax revenues due to reduction of the tax rate for professional income tax, increase in the share of individual labor activity and decline in the role of small enterprises. In general, the prospects for the professional income tax development in the Russian Federation can be described as favorable. Based on the study results, the directions for improving the professional income tax in order to increase its efficiency and expand the taxable base are proposed.
Population. 2025;28(2):171-182
171-182
Elderly population in terms of behavioral economics and economic psychology
Abstract
The article provides a comparative analysis of theories and methodologies of behavioral economics and economic psychology in terms of the specific features of economic activity of the elderly population. There are identified and compared the main areas of research in the paradigm of behavioral economics, proving the presence of the factor of limited rationality in the behavior of elderly people, and the studies carried out within the framework of economic psychology, which highlight economic preferences, needs and interests caused by the silver age as the main subject of research,. Attention is focused on two key, but alternative features of modern behavioral economics: orientation towards helping consumers and manipulation of consumer choice. It is shown that cognitive distortions of information in the analysis of economic situations, identified by behavioral economists, both unintentionally and in some cases even intentionally, become the basis for deceiving consumers, especially elderly people. Attention is focused on the fact that rationality and irrationality and their role in economic decisions are understood differently in economics and psychology. In psychology, a choice can be considered rational even if it contradicts economic feasibility, but meets the non-property interests of the individual. Due to this, it is argued that behavior of older people, formally considered irrational, can in some cases be assessed as rational, reflecting their specific life situation. The problem of a more qualitative and complete integration of the conceptual and methodological foundations of economic psychology and behavioral economics, as well as expansion of the methodological tools for solving the problems of protecting the elderly population from economic fraud is covered. As a tool for empirical study of victim behavior as a clearly irrational for the elderly, it is proposed to use the case method.
Population. 2025;28(2):183-194
183-194
Childlessness tax: perspectives and composition of payers
Abstract
In Russia, social support for children is being strengthened, but this does not raise the birth rate at least to the level of simple reproduction of the population. In the USSR, there was a childlessness tax at a rate of 6% with a per capita component of 150 rubles (with one child — 50 rubles), which was an effective incentive for population growth. The hypothesis of this study is possibility of reintroducing this tax, the goal is to strengthen tax incentives for births in addition to social benefits, the objectives are reviewing possible solutions, modeling the composition of taxpayers and tax rates. Leading Russian and foreign scientists and politicians also propose introducing the childlessness tax. The study compares per capita incomes of people by wealth deciles and by number of children, shows a significant drop in family income with an increase in the number of children. Modeling childlessness tax, the study proposes to target the middle class and the rich, i.e. the top three income deciles, concentrated mainly in capitals and large cities. The terms of the proposed tax provide for a personalized accounting of receipts, possibility of their subsequent use at birth and during upbringing children, similar to pension contributions and payments, as well as for childbearing medicine. Analogue of the gradual implementation of this tax could be Tourist Tax, as well as personal income tax progression in combination with an increased deduction for children. Based on statistical data for 2023, it could be 1 thousand rubles per month for young people under age of 30 by 2% tax rate, 4.4 thousand rubles for childless people aged 30–49 by 6% rate, 1.5 thousand rubles with 1 child by 2% rate, and the total amount for all proposed payers will make 1–1.65 trillion rubles per year
Population. 2025;28(2):195-209
195-209
The structure of consumer spending as an indicator of the well-being of the population
Abstract
The well-being of the population is both a goal and a condition for ensuring the sustainable economic and social development of the Russian state, strengthening its sovereignty and increasing the number of citizens. The task of increasing the well-being of Russians is outlined in the content of the National Development Goals of the country for the period up to 2030 and the future up to 2036. The article presents the authors’ vision of the category «well-being of the population», its components — material (monetary income, property) and non-material (physical health, moral and psychological state) character. One of the most significant indicators of the population well-being — the structure of household consumer spending is selected for analysis. The article considers the dynamics of changes in the available resources of the population (2018–2023) and the structure of the use of these resources to ensure (preserve) a certain level of well-being of Russians. The structure of the use of monetary income of the population (for consumer needs and the acquisition of financial assets) as a basis for changing the level of material well-being is analyzed by macro-regions — federal districts of Russia (2018–2022).The share of household spending on purchase/payment is compared: 1) food; 2) services in the overall structure of consumer spending, which showed an increase in the share of the former and a decrease in the share of the latter for all federal districts. The authors’ ranking matrix of the federal districts by the considered indicators of well-being related to consumer spending and the possibilities of their implementation made it possible to identify the territories of «leaders» and territories of «outsiders» based on the totality of data. In order of decreasing favorability of the situation with the well-being of the population in the perspective we are considering, the macro-regions are arranged as follows: Far Eastern, North Caucasus, Ural, Central, Volga, Northwestern, Southern and Siberian Federal District.
Population. 2025;28(2):210-202
210-202
Readiness of Moscow residents for financial relations in the format of sharing economy
Abstract
Recently, several trends have been observed that influence behavior of the population in the financial sphere. On the one hand, the burden of financing vital needs (medical care, housing, provision in old age) is increasingly shifting onto the shoulders of the citizens themselves, forcing them to think about additional sources of income. On the other hand, savings in rubles are being devalued by inflation, and the usual forms of storage are becoming less accessible or reliable — real estate is becoming more expensive, and a number of restrictions are imposed on foreign currency. Raising the key rate by the RF Central Bank, on the one hand, leads to such an influx of depositors tempted by high interest rates on deposits that rumors arise about a possible «freezing» of deposits, and on the other hand, it makes bank loans virtually inaccessible to citizens and small businesses. Thus, there is a number of problems faced by both those who need funds and those who strive to preserve or increase their savings. In the modern world, one of the ways to connect these two groups of interests is crowdlending — collective lending using digital platforms. In Russia, this segment of the sharing economy appeared in the early 2010s, however, despite the presence of objective prerequisites, the pace of its development remains low, especially in comparison with developed countries. The presented results of a sociological study characterize the attitude of Moscow residents to participation in crowdlending. Although a significant part of Muscovites with savings assesses the current opportunities for preserving and increasing them as insufficient, they are divided in half in terms of their willingness to participate in crowdlending. Unwillingness is associated with distrust of borrowers, platform organizers and the law enforcement system. Those who express willingness are attracted to crowdlending by independence of choosing investment projects, technological innovations, higher profitability, as well as the desire to do something common to all, to be involved in the development of other people and projects.
Population. 2025;28(2):221-232
221-232
SCIENTIFIC LIFE AT ISESP FCTAS RAS
VIII International scientific and practical conference «Rimashevskaya readings. Saving russian population: health, employment, standards and quality of life»
Population. 2025;28(2):233-238
233-238
Section «Monetary and nonmonetary aspects of individual and society well-being in Russia» at X Saint-Petersburg international economic congress (SPEC — 2025)
Population. 2025;28(2):239-245
239-245