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Vol 65, No 6 (2025)

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General Radiobiology

Biological markers of acute exposure during a radiation emergency and a radiation accident

Oslina D.S., Adamova G.V., Sinelshchikova O.A., Azizova T.V.

Abstract

Effective medical care during a radiation emergency and a radiation accident (CRS and RA) requires rapid and effective primary triage of victims so that appropriate care can be provided to people at significant risk of severe acute radiation injury. Biomarkers can be effectively used at a later date after a radiation accident for retrospective dosimetry, clarifying the prognosis, treatment recommendations, and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy. Currently, there is a wide range of markers potentially suitable for bioindication and biodosimetry in conditions of CRS and RA, which indicate the presence of damage caused by ionizing radiation, for example, shifts in peripheral blood, chromosomal aberrations, increased or decreased expression of genes, proteins, metabolites, microRNAs, and are well detectable in the widest possible range of doses. An analysis of the literature data indicates that there is no universal biomarker for various radiation exposure scenarios. The use of complex biodosimetric systems based on various biological markers that complement each other makes it possible not only to more accurately determine the radiation dose, but also to assess the risks of developing early and long-term effects of acute exposure in participants in emergency and radiation emergencies.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(6):565-580
pages 565-580 views
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Estimation of the Lower Threshold Level for Appearance of Genetic Effects in Animals under Chronic Radiation Exposure Using a Method of Non-Parametric Statistics

Sazykina T.G., Kryshev A.I.

Abstract

A database on genetic effects depending on the radiation dose rate (113 records) was collected to quantify the lower threshold for the occurrence of genetic damage in animals under the conditions of chronic irradiation. Analysis of data was performed using a non-parametric statistic method. The lower threshold for genetic effects under chronic technogenic irradiation of animals is 10 mkGy/day; the 95% confidence interval is 3–12 mkGy/day. Despite the fact that the lower thresholds for the manifestation of genetic effects of chronic irradiation differ insignificantly for vertebrate and invertebrate animals, analysis of the entire dataset shows the difference in their radiosensitivity. Dose rate 10 mkGy/day for wildlife animals is not exceeded in situations of normal discharges and emissions from nuclear power plants. The exposure level 10 mkGy/day is exceeded in areas contaminated as a result of past accidents or increased discharges of radionuclides, areas of radioactive waste storage facilities, and uranium mining enterprises; for these cases, more detailed estimations of the radiation dose rates to biota and analysis of uncertainties are required.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(6):581-596
pages 581-596 views
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РАДИАЦИОННАЯ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ

The Morbidity Structure of Personnel Working with Man-Made Radiation Sources Referred for Computed Tomography at the State Research Center — Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency in 2020–2024

Matkevich E.I., Sivenkov A.G., Samoylov A.S.

Abstract

In recent years, the use of radiation diagnostic methods in medical examinations of both the Russian Federation population and personnel working with man-made radiation sources has increased, with a large proportion of these being computed tomography (CT), which incurs additional radiation exposure to the individuals being examined [1–3]. This has resulted in a significant increase in the contribution ofCT to the collective patient dose—from 54.38% in 2018 to 73.83% in 2020 and 68.8% in 2022 [4]. For the period 2020–2024, the main contributors to the morbidity structure according toCT withoutCE were respiratory diseases (41.4%) and neoplasms (13.1%). ForCT withCE, the greatest contribution was made by neoplasms (48.3%) and circulatory diseases of types I00–I99 (14.1%). The average radiation dose during the study period forCT withoutCE varied depending on the class from 2.22 to 10.54 mSv, while for CTwithCE, it ranged from 8.2 to 34.33 mSv, significantly exceeding occupational radiation doses in industrial settings (0.35–2.41 mSv). Peculiarities in the pattern of illnesses among workers referred for CTexaminations were identified, depending on their age and gender. This is important to consider when developing recommendations for optimizing radiation diagnostic methods.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(6):597-613
pages 597-613 views
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РАДИАЦИОННАЯ ЦИТОГЕНЕТИКА

Control Levels of Translocations in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Cultures Determined by Multicolor FISH Staining

Nugis V.Y., Nikitina V.A., Lomonosova E.E., Kozlova M.G.

Abstract

Introduction. In retrospective dose assessment using multicolor FISH staining, adequate dose assessment requires information on the average population levels of translocations in the control. Materials and Methods. Using the multi(24) color FISH method, chromosome aberrations were analyzed in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures from 32 relatively healthy volunteer donors aged 21 to 72 years. Results. From 98 to 473 metaphases were analyzed in individual donors. The main quantity of FISH-registered chromosomal aberrations were reciprocal translocations with a frequency (per 100 cells) of 0.758 ± 0.118, which was significantly 5.9 times higher than the level of all unstable aberrations. The average frequencies of recorded translocations were 0.77 ± 0.13 and 0.74 ± 0.23 for women and men, respectively. Conclusion. In the control group, the observed frequencies of translocations in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures did not have gender differences. Also, no significant effect of various types of medical diagnostic radiation, COVID-19 disease, and smoking on this cytogenetic indicator was found. A moderate correlation was observed between the frequencies of FISH translocations and the age of the donors.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(6):614-624
pages 614-624 views
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Modification of Radiation Effects

Modification of Radiation Effects Preclinical Studies of the Preventive Agent for Complications of Radiotherapy T1082. Assessment of Toxic and Radioprotective Effects during Enteral Administration

Filimonova M.V., Rybachuk V.A., Kosachenko A.O., Nikolaev K.A., Gorbachev A.Y., Filatova D.I., Soldatova O.V., Shitova A.A., Demyashkin G.A., Litun E.V., Saburov V.O., Koryakin S.N., Pankratov A.A., Ivanov S.A., Shegai P.V., Kaprin A.D., Filimonov A.S.

Abstract

Preclinical studies conducted a toxicological and radiobiological study of a drug for enteral prophylaxis of radiation therapy complications based on the NOS inhibitor T1082. It was established that T1082 is safe when administered intragastrically: the LD10/14 and LD50/14 values for mice and rats are similar, amounting to 2040–2090 mg/kgand 2600–2650 mg/kg (class 5 according to GOST 32419–2022 – low toxicity). Comparison of these parameters with previously obtained estimates of radioprotective doses of T1082 for mice with intragastric administration (ED50 – 88 mg/kg; range of optimal radioprotective dosesED 84–98 – 140–220 mg/kg) indicates the safety of the enteral route of T1082 administration: the therapeutic index LD50/ED50 is 30, and the values of optimal radioprotective doses are an order of magnitude lower than the maximum tolerated ones (1/15–1/10 LD10). Studies of local irritant effect have shown that only in high concentrations (10%) T1082 can cause a weak and transient reaction of the gastrointestinal mucosa, while with multiple intragastric administration in optimal radioprotective doses and moderate concentrations (1–2%) there is no irritating effect. In a skin radiation reaction model in piglets, T1082 at a dose of 23.3 mg/kgdemonstrated high efficacy, statistically significantly limiting the severity of skin lesions and reducing the incidence of key pathological changes in irradiated skin. This confirms the adequacy of the model used for interspecies dose transfer. The obtained data demonstrate the potential safety of the developed agent and the feasibility of developing a finished dosage form based on T1082 for enteral administration.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(6):625-642
pages 625-642 views
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Radiobiology of Plants

Tested with Allium cepa clastogenic effects of irradiation from Chernobyl zone soil samples in comparison with model oxidizer genotoxicity

Stolbova V.V., Agapkina G.I., Mamikhin S.V., Manakhov D.V., Shcheglov A.I.

Abstract

Contribution of the clastogenic effect to mitotic disruption in Allium cepa root apical meristem was evaluated in laboratory biotest when exposed to ionizing radiation of a soil sample from 30-kmzone of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, in comparison with genotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent. A range of oxidant concentrations (0.03–150 mmol/l) and radiation levels (equivalent dose rates 0.3–1.53 μGy/h) were tested. Decomposition of the mitotic pathologies frequency into spectrum with allocation of the clastogenic effect share made it possible to identify differences in genotoxiciticy for the active factors. A greater contribution of the clastogenic component (60–76%) to the spectrum of mitosis disorders was observed under the influence of ionizing radiation compared to the oxidant effect of (36–51%). Cytogenetic features of the clastogenic effect were analyzed according to existing concepts of the molecular mechanisms of chromosome aberration formation. Сytogenetic index “proportion of clastogenic effect”, measured by a simple method of cytogenetic analysis with undifferentiated chromosome staining, is recommended as a sensitive informative indicator for characterizing the stress reaction profile in conditions of environmental pollution by genetically active pollutants of various natures.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(6):643-653
pages 643-653 views
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Continental Radioecology

Immobilization of U, Np, Pu, and Am on Host Rocks of Sandy Aquifers after Microbial Biofouling

Myasnikov I.Y., Artemyev G.D., Safonov A.V., Popova M.B., Kazinskaya I.E., Novikov A.P.

Abstract

Understanding the interactions between microorganisms and actinides is essential for predicting the longterm behavior of radioactive contaminants in subsurface environments. This study examines the microbial processes that contribute to the immobilization of uranium, neptunium, plutonium, and americium in sandstones from the upper and lower aquifers surrounding a mothballed liquid radioactive waste (LRW) reservoir and the LRW storage facility of the Siberian Chemical Plant (SCP). Groundwater from these sites, enriched in nitrate ions and actinides, harbored diverse microbial communities capable of nitrate, sulfate, and iron reduction. Their metabolic activity, likely stimulated by nitrate inputs from the wastes, can drive local redox conditions toward strongly reducing states. Such conditions promote the transformation of actinides into poorly soluble reduced forms — Np(OH)4 and NpO2 for neptunium, Pu(OH)4 and PuO2 for plutonium, and uraninite or mixed uranium oxides. In parallel, microbial sulfate reduction facilitates the precipitation of ferruginous sulfides, which serves as a key biogeochemical sink for uranium on mineral surfaces. Biofilm formation on aquifer rock particles further enhances the retention of actinides. Together, these processes may establish a reducing sorption–precipitation barrier in situ near LRW storage sites. The results highlight the central role of microbially mediated redox transformations in controlling actinide mobility and provide a scientific foundation for the development of engineered biogeochemical barriers to mitigate actinide migration in subsurface environments at the SCP site.

Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(6):654-663
pages 654-663 views
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Discussion

Experimental evaluation of hypobiosis as a method of increasing the body's resistance in modeling acute radiation sickness in rats

Makarov A.F., Kotsky M.A., Tonshin A.A., Bukhtiyarov I.V.

Abstract

To verify the efficacy of artificial hypobiosis as a method for the preventive protection of living organisms against ionizing radiation, the experimental study was conducted. The study involved male rats, which were divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Rats in the experimental group underwent induction of artificial hypobiosis through intramuscular injection of the alpha-methyldopa (CAS: 555-30-6). Both groups of rats underwent simulated acute radiation exposure. The radiation was delivered using a “GUT-200М” gamma-ray irradiator, powered by “GIK-7-4” cobalt-60 sources. The absorbed dose administered was 9.5 ± 0.1 Gray (Gy). Afterward, the rats' body weights were monitored daily, and the timing of weight loss cessation and weight gain initiation, as well as death, were recorded. The findings of the study revealed that the mortality of 50% of the laboratory rats subjected to artificial hypobiosis occurred 1.4 times later compared to the control group.; Artificial hypobiosis has been shown to prevent the death of approximately 50% of animals exposed to a lethal dose of ionizing radiation equivalent to 9.5 Gy (100% mortality in the control group). In surviving animals weight gain has been observed beginning on the 18th day of the study.

Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(6):664-669
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Chronicle

Chronicle of the VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference “Chronic Radiation Exposure: Medical and Biological Effects of Low Doses”

Akleev A.V., Nikiforov V.S.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(6):670-674
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Chronicle of the International Conference “Current Problems of Radiation Biology. Accelerated Charged Particles and Neutrons in Radiobiology”, Dedicated to the 20th Anniversary of the Radiation Biology Laboratory of JINR, in Memory of E. A. Krasavin

Naydich V.I., Ushakov I.B., Bugay A.N., Abdullaev S.A., Samoylov A.S., Koshlany I.V., Boreiko A.V.

Abstract

20–24 октября 2025 г. в Объединенном институте ядерных исследований (ОИЯИ) в г. Дубна состоялась Международная конференция “Актуальные проблемы радиационной биологии. Ускоренные заряженные частицы и нейтроны в радиобиологии”. Организаторами конференции выступили Российская академия наук (Научный совет по радиобиологии при ОФ РАН, Радиобиологическое общество РАН) и ОИЯИ (Лаборатория радиационной биологии). Оргкомитет возглавили академик РАН И. Б. Ушаков и директор ЛРБ ОИЯИ д.ф-м.н. А. Н. Бугай.
Radiation biology. Radioecology. 2025;65(6):675-677
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