No 6 (2025)
Chemical Sciences
Structure formation of cement materials modified by sludges obtained after processing of chromium-containing solutions
Abstract
The disposal of sludge containing barium chromate is an important task; however, if the disposal process allows one to obtain heavy concrete with an acceptable structure and properties for operation, then this task becomes very promising.. Compositions of concrete mix with sludge contentup to 20% of the liquid phase weight have been developed. It has been established that the specific effective activity of radionuclides in the sludge is 76 Bq/kg, i. e. it is suitable as a component of concrete. The processes of structure formation of these materials have been studied, starting with the characteristics of the workability of the sealed mixture, the physical properties of the mixture in the dynamics of structure formation, mechanical characteristics and ending with confirmation of the obtained results using scanning electron microscopy. All the developed compositions are characterized by workability capable of providing the standard workability of the concrete mix. The strengthening of the structure by almost a third is explained by the fact that, in addition to traditional calcium silicatehydrates СаО·SiO2·H2O, the packing of hydrated new formations is compacted due to the formation of high˗strengthBa2Al2O5·2H2Oparticles.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(6):5-14
5-14
Study of the influence of fat-soluble vitamins and vegetable oils on heterogeneous equilibrium in the system “calcium – phosphorus – calcium hydroxyapatite” in the oral cavity on model solutions in vitro
Abstract
In this work, the influence of fat˗soluble vitamins A, E, Dand some natural vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, mustard, almond, hemp, sesame, flaxseed, pumpkin, sea buckthorn, cedar, black cumin oil, avocado oil) containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the range from 9 to 62% and fat˗soluble vitamins A, E, Din the range from 0,0025 to 180 mg/dm3 on the heterogeneous equilibrium in the calcium–phosphorus–calcium hydroxyapatite system in the oral cavity was investigated using model systems of calcium chloride and hydroxyapatite in vitro. Using trilonometry, turbidimetry and conductometry methods it was established that the decrease in the content of calcium ions in a calcium chloride solution in the presence of vegetable oils is on average 76,9% and depends on the content of PUFAs in them, and in the presence of fat˗soluble vitamins A, E, D – on average by 8,1%. A decrease in the light transmittance of a saturated solution of calcium hydroxyapatite in the presence ofRM and vitamins (maximum with the addition of vitamin D (ΔT = 26,0%) and avocado oil (ΔT = 13,0%)) is due to the interaction of calcium ions with the components of natural vegetable oils and fat˗soluble vitamins A, E, D. According to the data obtained, vegetable oils can be conditionally divided into three groups in relation to calcium ions: strongly binding (cedar, black cumin, sesame, sunflower), low˗binding (sea buckthorn, pumpkin, avocado) and medium˗binding (linseed and other oils). When developing measures to prevent caries and other oral diseases in dental practice, it is advisable to use only certain types of natural vegetable oils, such as sea buckthorn. The amount of fat˗soluble vitamins A, E, D, and PUFAs in vegetable oils should be taken into account when making recommendations for dietary adjustments for both preventative and therapeutic purposes.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(6):15-29
15-29
Biological Sciences
Plants from the Red Book of Russia in the Collection of in Vitro Living Plants of the Botanical Garden-Institute FEB RAS
Abstract
The article presents data on species included in the new edition of the Red Book of the Russian Federation, for which protocols for introducing living plants of the Botanical Garden˗Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences into in vitro culture have been developed. Conservation measures for eight such species are noted, and the possibility of not only conservation, but also microclonal propagation is demonstrated. Information is provided on the use of species in landscaping public green spaces and botanical gardens.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(6):30-38
30-38
Comprehensive varietal evaluation of dwarf bearded irises bred in recent years (2000–2020) in monsoon climate conditions
Abstract
The article presents the results of a comprehensive variety evaluation of 24 varieties of dwarf bearded irises bred in 2000–2020 under monsoon climate conditions in the collection of the Botanical Garden˗Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Based on the analysis of phenological observations, the varieties are divided into 3 groups by flowering time: early flowering (first ten days of May), mid˗flowering (second ten days of May) and late flowering (end of May). Based on a comprehensive variety evaluation (ornamental qualities and economic and biological characteristics), highly promising (80–100 points), promising (60–79 points), unpromising (less than 60 points) varieties were identified in the collection. 16 varieties have been identified, characterized by a set of valuable features and resistance in a monsoon climate. Descriptions of 16 varieties that are promising for monsoon climates are provided.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(6):39-51
39-51
Development of the biomorphological direction at the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Abstract
The materials on the development of the biomorphological direction in the Botanical Garden˗Institute FEB RAS are summarizes in the article. The role ofV.A. Nedoluzhko in solving the issues of the evolution of life forms of flowering plants, the significance ofT.A. Bezdeleva in the study of the biomorphological diversity of Far Eastern plants is emphasized. It is noted that on the basis of the BGI FEB RAS, researchers were united working on the problems of structural botany, issues of change, formation, classification of life forms.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(6):62-76
62-76
Agrobiophotonics: from light culture to speedbreeding
Abstract
Crop production is currently one of the developing areas of agriculture in terms of innovative technologies. Plants, as objects of the agro˗industrial complex, represent a unique Kingdom of Plants that, combining the signs of life, possess a unique mechanism of photosynthesis, thanks to which inorganic matter is transformed into organic matter, and in fact, plants are the key object through which many interdisciplinary areas arise, one of which is biophotonics. Having a pronounced practical application in light culture, as one of the first areas of plant cultivation in protected soil, agrobiophotonics in a short period from 2018 to 2025 gave rise to a number of narrow areas, such as, for example, speedbreeding.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(6):77-84
77-84
Analysis of Component Composition of Highly Scattering Media Using a Fluorescence˗Scatterometry Method
Abstract
Optical diagnostic methods are widely used in studying dispersed media. However, analyzing these media is challenging due to their complex composition, opacity, or state of motion, rendering traditional methods like spectrophotometry unsuitable without pre˗processing. In food safety, optical methods offer non˗invasive analysis of products, maintaining their quality. Milk, a complex, multi˗component medium, particularly requires component diagnostics. Scatterometry and scatterometry˗based methods are a promising alternative for the analysis of turbid polydisperse media, providing sufficiently high accuracy, flexibility, and the possibility of creating economical and compact devices, in contrast to large and expensive laboratory equipment, such as spectrophotometric devices. This is particularly important for early quality control, as it allows for the identification of milk with signs of animal diseases, such as somatic cells, reducing costs for both large producers and small farms. A novel fluorescence˗scatterometry method for component diagnostics of milk is proposed for the first time, allowing for sufficiently accurate determination of fat, protein, and somatic cell content in both static and dynamic states. A relationship was established between the laser light scattering indicatrix and fat content. It was found that somatic cells distort the indicatrix only in forward scattering, which allows for their determination without significantly affecting fat content measurements. It is shown that the percentage of protein content can be determined from fluorescence, taking into account the previously determined fat content. The results were confirmed by modeling and implemented in a prototype flow˗through device capable of measuring the content of fat, protein, and somatic cells in a moving gas˗milk mixture. This approach offers a fast, reliable, and cost˗effective method for milk analysis.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(6):85-99
85-99
Laser technologies in agrobiology: biostimulation mechanisms and photoselectivity of plant cells
Abstract
Laser light has a photoselective effect on plant cells, affecting certain structures or processes inside the cells, contributing to the stimulation or suppression of certain reactions. Photosynthesis is one of the main mechanisms through which laser light affects plants. Lasers can be applied to plants in narrow spectra, which are most effectively absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments. This method can enhance photosynthetic activity, which leads to increased plant growth and productivity. The use of laser therapy can help accelerate cell division and improve photosynthetic processes, which, in turn, enhances the overall condition of the plant. Numerous studies show that laser irradiation can lead to selective changes in plant metabolism. Certain wavelengths of laser light can activate or inhibit the synthesis of various metabolites, such as phytohormones, which play a key role in plant growth and development. This may allow growers to more precisely adjust the growing conditions by selecting short˗term pulses of laser light to achieve the desired effect. Nevertheless, the risks of damage to plant tissues by laser light should also be taken into account, since excessive use of laser radiation can damage cells or change their functions. Therefore, in order to achieve positive effects, it is extremely important to carefully study the optimal parameters (wavelength, power, duration of exposure) in order to eliminate undesirable consequences.
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(6):100-119
100-119
Articles
Author index of articles published in 2025
Vestnik of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2025;(6):120-126
120-126