Prediction perspective areas for the gold mineralization using the methods of mathematical information processing and the data set of remote sensing satellite Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2 on the Polar Urals

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For the first time, for the SW part of the Malouralskaya zone of the Polar Urals, an approach was applied. The testing of which was obtained as a result of combining (1) methods of mathematical processing of information and (2) a set of data obtained by the Earth remote sensing spacecraft Harmonized Landsat Sentinel-2. The first one is based on the analysis of search features and their functional and correlation relationships. The second is the integration of maps of the distribution of hydrothermal alterations and the lineament density scheme, created on the basis of the results of statistical processing of remote sensing data. As a result of the study, two new areas were delineated and new predictive and prospecting features of gold mineralization were identified within the study area. (1) Areas promising for the gold mineralization type in the SW part of the Malouralskaya zone are localized along transregional fault zones that intersect favorable horizons and structures and control ore mineralization, and within the volcanic-tectonic structure (large morphostructure 40 × 45 km) of the 1st order. Within this depression, the accepted systems of modern volcanic structures of the 2nd and higher order, the position of which is controlled by junctions of NE- and NW-trending faults with a length of more than 10 km. (2) Potentially ore-bearing volcanic edifices show subsidence calderas and large area of metasomatic aureoles (more than 30 km2) with elevated indices of hydroxyl-(Al-OH, Mg-OH) and carbonate-bearing minerals and iron oxides and hydroxides (limonite) and, to a lesser extent, ferrous oxides.

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J. Ivanova

Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: jnivanova@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow; Moscow

A. Bochneva

Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

Email: jnivanova@yandex.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the Ural folded belt and position of the study area in the structures of the Polar Urals. Structural basis according to (Chernyaev et al., 2005) with modifications: 1 – Central Ural megazone, 2 – basalt-andesite complex, 3 – ophiolites, 4 – gold placers, 5 – gold placers; 6–7 – deposits (a), ore occurrences (b): 6 – gold ore and gold-bearing; 7 – Cu-Zn-Mo; 8–11 – ore occurrences: 8 – Fe-Ti-V-Cu; 9 – Fe-Ti-Cu, 10 – Mo-Cu, 11 – Mo; 12 – settlements; 13 – main rivers (a) and lake (b), 14 – boundaries of the study area.

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3. Fig. 2. Simplified geological map of the study area according to (Shishkin et al., 2007). Legend: 1–3 – reliable faults: 1 – outcropping on the surface, 2 – thrust, 3 – nappe; 4 – Kharamatalou suite with alternating graphitoid-quartz schists, graphitoid quartzite schists, micaceous schists, quartzites, epidote-albite amphibolites, chlorite-albite schists, gondites; 5–6 – ultramafic-metagabbronorite Dzelyayu complex with hyperbasites, gabbronorites, amphibolites; 7 - gabbro-dolerite-abyssal orangjugan-lemvinsky complex with gabbro-dolerites, dolerites, picrodolerites, picrites, gabbro-dolerite dikes; 8 - Kokpel suite with massive and amygdaloid metabasites, spilites, siltstones and apovolcagenic shales; 9 - Grubei suite with siltstones, phyllitic shales and silty sandstones; 10 - undifferentiated Pagatinskaya, Kibatinskaya and Kamchatka suites with sandstones, calcareous siltstones, silty limestones and looped limestones; 11 - Grubeiskaya and Kharbeishor suites with purple and green siltstones, phyllitic shales, silty sandstones and sandstones; 12 - dunite-garbucite with dunites Raiz-Voikar complex, dunite-garbucite association with mesh-vein and banded segregations of dunites, undifferentiated ultramafics; 13-14 - Kashor dunite-wehrlite-clinopyroxenite-gabbro complex: 13 - the first phase with dunites, undifferentiated wehrlites, lherzolites, 14 - the second phase with gabbro, gabbro-norites, gabbro-diorites, diorites, gabbro dikes; 15 - Ust-Kongor and Voikar suites undifferentiated with pillow and tabular spilites, interlayers and lenses of jasperoids; 16 - Lagortayu complex with gabbro-dolerites, dolerites of parallel dikes; 17 - Maloyuralskaya suite with tuffs of basalts, heteroclastic basaltic andesites, basalts, dacites, interlayers of tuffaceous sandstones, tuffites with lenses of riftogenic limestones; 18 - Kharotskaya suite with carbonaceous-clayey shales, phtanites, packs of looped limestones at the Wenlock-Ludlov and Prague-Ems levels; 19 - Kevsoimskaya suite with trachyandesites, trachytes and their tuffs, conglomerates, gravelites, sandstones, jasperoids and limestones, of intermediate composition with lavas; 20 - Varchatinskaya suite with metabasites, metaandesites, metadacites and their tuffs, conglomerates, gravelites, tuffaceous sandstones, tuffites, limestones; 21 - Paginskaya suite with quartz sandstones, siltstones, argillites, interlayers of siliceous-clayey shales; 22 - diorite-tonalite-plagiogranite Sobsky complex with granodiorites, tonalites; 23 - monzogranodiorite Kongorsky complex with quartz monzodiorite plutonic, quartz monzodiorites, granodiorites and diorites; 24 - Nyanvorginskaya suite with silt-clayey, clayey-siliceous, carbonaceous-siliceous shales and phthanites; 25 - granite plutonic Yanoslavsky complex with biotite-hornblende granites, leucogranites and alaskites; 26 - Yaiyu Formation with graywackes, polymictic sandstones, calcareous siltstones, clayey shales, limestone interlayers and dolomites, 27 - Kecpel Formation with fine-rhythmic interbedding of polymictic fine-grained sandstones, siltstones and mudstones; 28 - Middle Jurassic, Bathonian Stage - Upper Jurassic, Lower Tithonian substage, combined Maurynya and Lopsin Formations with clays, mudstones, sand and brown coal beds; 29 - Upper Jurassic, Tithonian Stage - Lower Cretaceous, Lower Berry substage, Fedorovskaya Formation with glauconite-quartz siltstones and sandstones, sometimes phosphate-containing, with chamosite oolites, gravel, concretions; 30 - Berriasian stage, upper substage - Hauterivian stage, united Kharosoim and Ulasyn suites with argillite-like and silty clays, interlayers of siltstones, clayey limestones and sandstones; 31 - Hauterivian-Aptian stage, Severososvinskaya suite with sands, siltstones, compacted siltstones alternating with clays, brown coal beds; 32 - Albian stage, Khanty-Mansiysk suite with clays, siltstones and interlayers of siltstones, clayey limestones and siderites, less often sands; 33 - Turonian-Maastrichtian stages with glauconite-opoka strata with interlayers of siliceous clays, opoka and diatoms; 34–38 – out-of-scale bodies: 34 – gabbro-dolerite dikes, 35 – garbucite with dunite segregations, 36 – ferruginous dunites, 37 – clinoperoxenites, 38 – gabbro-dolerite dikes; 39–43 – ore occurrences: 39 – Cu, 40 – gold-bearing, 41 – Mo, Cu, 42 – Fe, Ti, Cu, 43 – Fe, Ti, V, Cu; 44 – lakes; 45 – boundaries of the study area.

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4. Fig. 3. Forecast map for gold-copper-porphyry type of mineralization. Legend: 1–5 – risk zones (different levels of probability of mineralization detection), 6 – recommended area for evaluation work. As the color saturation increases, the probability of forecasting gold-copper-porphyry mineralization increases.

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5. Fig. 4. Morphostructural map of the study area and adjacent territory obtained from the HLS-2 spacecraft CS data. Legend: 1–3 – lineaments: radial (1), arc (2), ring (3); 4–8 – deposits and ore occurrences corresponding to Fig. 2; 9 – boundaries of the study area; 10–11: central-type paleovolcanic apparatus (1st-order morphostructure) (10), 2nd-order morphostructures (11); 12 – NE-trending structure refined from geophysical data (a), rose diagram for the southwestern part of the study area and adjacent territory (b); 13–17 – out-of-scale subvolcanic bodies (dikes) corresponding to and removed from Fig. 2.

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6. Fig. 5. Position of the study area in physical fields: magnetic (a) and gravitational (b). Legend: 1 – paleovolcanic apparatus of the central type (1st order morphostructure), 2 – 2nd order morphostructures, 3 – NE-trending structure, 4 – boundaries of the study area, 5–9 – ore occurrences and deposits corresponding to Fig. 2.

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7. Fig. 6. Schemes of secondary mineral association development for the studied and adjacent territories, obtained using the HLS-2 KS: a – hydroxyl-(Al-OH, Mg-OH) and carbonate-containing, b – trivalent iron oxides (hematite), c – iron oxides and hydroxides (limonite), d – divalent iron oxides (magnetite). Concentrations of indicator groups of hydrothermal alterations are shown by colored dots: minimum – yellow, average – orange and maximum – red, lines indicate the contours of maximum concentrations (concentrations of dots) of secondary alterations.

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8. Fig. 7. Combined scheme of secondary mineral association development for the studied and adjacent territories, obtained using the HLS-2 satellite imager. Legend: 1 – hydroxyl-(Al-OH, Mg-OH) and carbonate-containing minerals, 2 – trivalent iron oxides (hematite), 3 – iron oxides and hydroxides (limonite), 4 – divalent iron oxides (magnetite).

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9. Fig. 8. Lineament density scheme obtained by manual selection for the study and adjacent territories with prospective areas for gold ore mineralization type and areas of hydrothermal alteration development marked on it. Legend: 1–3 — secondary minerals: 1 — iron oxides and hydroxides (limonite); 2–3 — di- and trivalent iron oxides; 4 — hydroxide- (Al-OH, Mg-OH) and carbonate-containing minerals; 5–8 — boundaries: 5 — of the study territory, 6 — of the area identified based on the analysis of exploration features and their functional and correlation relationships, 7 — identified based on the KS materials (numbers I–II on the map — see explanation in the text), 8 — of the area contoured based on the analysis of exploration features and their functional and correlation relationships and the KS materials — first-stage area (number Ia on the map — see explanation in the text); 9–13 – ore occurrences and deposits corresponding to Fig. 2.

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10. Fig. 9. Geological map according to (Shishkin et al., 2007) and the scheme of development of hydrothermal-metasomatic rocks for the studied territory, obtained from the materials of the HLS-2 remote sensing satellite. Legend: 1–44 correspond to Fig. 2, 45–48 are the boundaries of areas identical to Fig. 8, 49–52 are secondary mineral associations corresponding to Fig. 7.

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