Sergey V. Kravkov as a psychologist and psychophysiologist: milestones of scientific biography (to the 130th anniversary of the birth)

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The article is prepared for the 130th anniversary of the birth of S.V. Kravkov (1893–1951), a preeminent Russian scientist, experimental psychologist and specialist in the field of psychophysiology of vision. The subject of this historical and psychological study is the period of his professional development between 1916 and 1935. The biographical method is used. The materials from the Archive of Russian Academy of Sciences, works of S.V. Kravkov, memories and assessments of other scientists are used. Information about his family and personality is provided. The employment positions and types of professional activities of S.V. Kravkov in the first 20 years of his work are identified. The prerequisites for the scientist’s transition from an initially wide range of psychological issues to light engineering and the psychophysiology of vision as the central area of his applied and fundamental research are revealed. The originality of the method of introspection in experimental studies of vision in the scientist’s works is shown. It is concluded that P.P. Lazarev had a predominant influence on S.V. Kravkov’s scientific development as a specialist in the field of physiological optics and psychophysiology of vision.

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作者简介

O. Noskova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: nog4813@mail.ru

ScD (Psychology), Professor, Professor of Department of Work and Engineering Psychology, Faculty of Psychology

俄罗斯联邦, 125009, Moscow, Mokhovaya str., 11/9

参考

  1. Averbakh I.M., Belostotskiy Ye.M., Bronshteyn R.I. et al. Sergei Vasil’evich Kravkov (Nekrolog). Oftal’mologicheskii zhurnal. 1951. № 2. P. 96. (In Russian)
  2. Ashraf’yan I.B. Psikhologicheskie i psikhofiziologicheskie issledovaniya S.V. Kravkova: Avtoref. dis. … kand. psikhol. nauk. M., 1973. (In Russian)
  3. Bunin A.Ya., Gurtovoi G.K., Yakovlev A.A. Sergei Vasil’evich Kravkov — zhizn’ i nauchnaya deyatel’nost’. Klinicheskaya fiziologiya zreniya. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Ed. A.A. Yakovlev. Moscow: Publ. AO “Rusomed”, 1993. P. 2–6. (In Russian)
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  6. Kravkov S.V. Sovremennye ob”ektivnye techeniya v psikhologii i ikh znachenie. Vestnik znaniya. 1916. № 11. P. 626–633. (In Russian)
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  17. Kravkov S.V. Petr Petrovich Lazarev (1878–1942). Lyudi russkoi nauki. Ocherki o vydayushchikhsya deyatelyakh estestvoznaniya i tekhniki. V. 1: Matematika. Mekhanika. Astronomiya. Fizika. Khimiya. Ed. I.V. Kuznetsov. Moscow: Fizmatgiz, 1961. P. 314–321. (In Russian)
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