Vol 46, No 1 (2025)

The article is devoted to the consideration of the current state of the problem of coping with difficult life situations through the prism of L.I. Antsyferova`s methodological critique. Various views on the specifics of difficult situations generating coping reactions are analyzed and their connection to K. Jaspers` concept of borderline situations characterized by the need for change is shown. The relationships between coping constructs, and coping and psychological defense, is considered. Self-regulation is proposed as a general theoretical context encompassing all the processes being considered, with coping processes being a special case.

The historical and scientific analysis of S.L. Rubinstein’s life activity provides key and little-known facts of biography, summarizes the philosophical and psychological achievements of him and the school he created in the study of cognitive processes (sensations and perception, thinking and reflection, understanding and social representations) and metacognitive states of consciousness of a person and her cognition of being in the world. The main periods of intellectual searches and individual creativity of S.L. Rubinstein as a subject of cognition are differentiated. The panorama of the integral evolution of his school as a group subject of the collectively distributed activity of S.L. Rubinstein’s students, who developed his traditions in the institutes of philosophy and psychology of the Academy of Sciences, is studied. The fundamental and applied achievements of the participants and followers of his school, who created innovative concepts and original approaches promising in the development of topical problems of modern psychological science and the human knowledge system as a whole, are characterized.

The current problem of child and adolescent stress, the research logic of which in the laboratory of psychology of person development in normal and post-traumatic states, Institute of Psychology RAS, is traced in connection with the analysis of the works of L.I. Antsyferova, is considered. The main hypotheses of the study: on the prevalence of coping strategies Anxiety, Ignoring, Self-Blame, Withdrawal and Not Coping in children and adolescents with high stress levels and that the features of coping with difficulties depend on the level of stress experienced and the type of difficult situation associated with a certain life value, are tested on different samples of children aged 12 to 16 years (N = 118), equated by gender. The following methods are used: the Scale of Perceived Stress for Children, PSS-C (B. White, adapted by N.E. Kharlamenkova et al.); The Adolescent Coping Scale (E. Frydenberg, R. Lewis, adapted by T.L. Kryukova), the Color Test of Relationships (adapted by E.F. Bazhin and A.M. Etkind). The results of the study confirm the existence of a connection between unproductive coping strategies and a high level of stress in children and adolescents. Identified difficult life situations — an evaluative situation, abandonment, an uncertain situation, an extreme situation, a situation of helplessness, are correlated with the threat of losing the value associated with a specific situation — the values of Knowledge, Love and Attachment, Safeness, Life and Health, and Faith in People.

Modern society is characterized by the shift of the communicative behavior mode of student youth to the digital social space, in particular to social networks. This study is aimed at considering the macro- and microparameters of the communicative behavior of students in large groups in social networks using the open “Vkontakte” group as an example. In the study, macroparameters are the number of participants, posts, comments, responses to comments, reposts and views, while microparameters are communicative strategies, message modality, and message topics. The study of the parameters of communicative behavior was carried out by analyzing publications in an open “Vkontakte” group thematically focused on the university environment. The main methods of the empirical research were the method of critical discourse analysis and content analysis. The research period was 12 months (April 2023 — March 2024). 98 posts, 663 comments and 998 responses to comments were analyzed. The conducted study allowed to identify a tendency of proportional relationship between the number of posts and the number of comments at the level of macroparameters. The larger and more emotional the post, the more comments to it and responses to comments there are. At the level of microparameters, the prevalence of confrontational communication strategies characterizing conflict behavior was established, especially in the case of emotionally charged messages. The discovered prevalence of the passive position of communication participants in the digital social environment is manifested in a greater number of reposts and likes compared to comments and text messages. This can be explained by the fact that writing comments and responses to them requires an active position, manifested in independent formulation and presentation of information, while reacting to a message is easier and requires less effort. There is also a stable tendency for negative messages to prevail in modality, regardless of the form of communicative behavior in the digital social environment. The larger the social group, the more often negative messages and comments to such posts can be found.

The article presents a review of studies of individual variations in the learning process, in which a comprehensive assessment of the involvement of components of the organism-wide in the achievement of the result is carried out. The aim of the review is to assess the validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis and electrocardiography for studying the systemic organization of behavior in which different ways of problem solving are implemented. Special attention is focused on the analysis of mutual coordination of the structures of individual experience of individuals involved in the achievement of a collective result. It is substantiated that bioelectrical impedance analysis and electrocardiography provide the necessary conditions for assessing the resource and metabolic characteristics of the systemic organism-wide organization of experience, taking into account the limitations of these techniques analyzed in this study.

The ideas of A.F. Lazurskiy in the field of social psychology are considered. The history of the emergence and development of Lazurskiy’s socio-psychological ideas in the context of a biographical analysis of his personality is shown. A previously unknown article by M.Y. Basov on Lazurskiy as a social psychologist has been introduced into scientific circulation. The existence of an unpublished manuscript by A.F. Lazurskiy devoted to social psychology is shown. Semantic similarities of scientific concepts of A.F. Lazurskiy and L.I. Petrazhitskiy are found. A.F. Lazurskiy’s attempt to create a unified concept of individual and social psychology is illustrated.

The evolution and widespread use of digital technologies in our lives led to the usual social practice transformation and creation of their digital equivalents across the world. This was followed by the digital transformation of education. One way to assess the effectiveness of these changes is to assess the digital literacy of the subjects in the educational process. Digital literacy is one of the main factors in successful involvement in online learning. Different studies are focusing on different aspects of digital literacy, so there are a lot of different definitions and ways to figure out its structure. The purpose of the article is to combine existing ideas about students’ digital literacy and to test a psychological methodology for its assessment. The methodology included 19 items to evaluate four groups of digital literacy skills — data analysis skills, information management skills, digital equipment setup skills, and software skills. At the time of the socio-psychological survey, 100% of respondents were studying remotely using digital technologies. The exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 500; 69% women; M = 28 yrs., SD = 10 yrs.) results showed that the four-factor structure explains more (53%) than the two- (43%) and one- factor (34%) structures. This is in line with the theoretical model that the methodology is based on, and there are high signs of internal consistency (above 0.7). The correlation analysis (n = 103; 64% women; M = 21 yrs., SD = 4 yrs.) revealed that all components of digital literacy are positively related to a person’s social capital. This is in line with what other studies have found. Therefore, it is recommended to use a four-factor framework for assessing the student’s digital literacy.

The article is a response to the work of A.L. Zhuravlev and Yu.N. Oleinik (published in № 3 and № 4 of “Psychological Journal” for 2024). The author dedicates the article to solving the problem of studying the continuity of psychological knowledge and scientific traditions as a mechanism for its implementation. She discusses the results of implementing a system approach in developing authors’ theoretical model for studying scientific traditions. In order to test the possibilities of operationalization of “scientific traditions” concept, she makes the attempt to analyze the formation of a scientific tradition within the walls of the Psychological Institute in 1910–1920 based on the three-dimensional model of studying scientific traditions proposed by the authors. The results of the analysis allow us to talk about the possibility of identifying as objects of tradition not only the theoretical and methodological characteristics of institute’s employees activities, but also its organizational structure, personnel, the work of its own print media, etc. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects of applying the proposed approach and the model in analyzing the laws of ensuring the scientific knowledge’s continuity of at different levels of the collective subject of psychological knowledge; studying the scientific tradition as a new phenomenon of historical and psychological research and a possible unit of historical and psychological analysis.

The article was prepared as part of a discussion of the collective monograph “Scientific approaches in modern Russian psychology” (Moscow, 2023) and articles by the authors and editors of the monograph “Modern approaches in Domestic psychology: unity in diversity” (2024). The reasons for the relevance of this scientific project, the significance of the conclusions obtained, their validity and persuasiveness based on the results of the theoretical and methodological analysis are outlined. In addition to the positive ones, a number of controversial points were also noted (the main one is the discussion of the theory and methodology of psychological research in isolation from the field of psychological practice, where research results could be used). Recommendations for future work are formulated.