Vol 44, No 4 (2023)

The state of the problem of abilities in the modern history of Russian psychological science is discussed. It is argued that despite the recognition by the psychological community of the high functional significance of abilities as a factor of achievement in various types of activity, as a factor in human development, the real productivity of research in the field of the psychology of abilities remains quite low. It is shown that in the recent history of Russian psychology there is a decline in the interest of the scientific community in the development of this problem. This is a consequence of a longer process of low-intensity research of abilities in Soviet psychology. Based on the analysis of publications in leading psychological journals for the period 1991–2022, an attempt has been made to systematize research in the field of psychology of abilities. Two approaches to research analysis were used: methodological analysis (characterization of research by type, subject, method, object), functional analysis (characterization based on the use of abilities as an object of research and as an object of formation). The author substantiates the statement that the decrease in the intensity of research in the field of psychology of abilities is a consequence of the lack of a “working” theory of abilities in psychological science, which allows solving the problems of determining the structure of abilities and their interaction, their development, functioning and formation.

The results of a study of the intentions and expectations of men and women, partners in couples of close relationships of different status (romantic relationships, unregistered (“civil”) marriage, official marriage) are presented. The study uses an original method of experimental modeling of the situation of social exchange of tangible and intangible resources. As a result of the study, significant differences were found in the ratio of intentions and expectations of partners, men and women in close relationships of different status. Comparison of indicators of intentions and expectations of men and women in couples with different status of close relationships indicates that there are both general, independent of the status of relationships, and specific differences characterizing different forms of close relationships. Comparing the indicators of intentions and expectations of partners in couples with different status of close relationships allows us to talk about a certain dynamics or trend of changes in these indicators at different stages of these relationships. The results of the discriminant analysis show that indicators of intentions and expectations are good predictors of partners' readiness to transition to marital relations. The obtained results can be used for scientific substantiation of practical recommendations for managers and specialists involved in the support and development of the family institute of modern Russian society, as well as in the practice of individual and family counseling.

Hippovention, as a direction of psychotherapeutic and personality-developing “Human–Horse” interaction, has been extensively developing in Russia in recent years. In foreign countries many different models (Equine Assisted Psychotherapy, Equine Facilitated Psychotherapy, Equine-Assisted Counseling, Equine-Assisted Growth and Learning, etc.), based on different theoretical approaches, represent similar practices. The systematization of these models allows us to correlate them with certain functional tasks of hippovention as an integral system: psychotherapeutic, correctional and consultative, socio-psychological, educational and pedagogical. However, at the methodological level a contradiction is revealed. The practical implementation of most of these tasks is built in the epistemological paradigm, when a horse for a person acts as an object of his actions, or when a person “subjectifies” a horse (endows it with “human” personal qualities). At the same time, there is a position that horses are inherently endowed with agency in behavior and relationships, which corresponds to the ontological paradigm of analysis of interactions in the “Human–Horse” system. The solution to this contradiction, in our opinion, is possible from the standpoint of the Ecopsychological approach to psyche development (V.I. Panov) and the Ecopsychological Typology of Agent-Environment Interactions created in this approach. This approach is based on the idea of the creative nature of the psyche as a form of being, which finds its manifestation in the psychological capabilities of both humans and horses to act as agents of their own being and agents of social interactions. The analysis of the psychotherapeutic and developmental potential of Hippovention techniques in the context of the Basic Types of Ecopsychological Interactions “Human–Horse” (“Object-Object”, “Agent-Object”, “Object-Agent”, “Agent-isolated”, “Agent-joint” and “Agent-generating”) was carried out. It is concluded that the methodology of the Ecopsychological approach to the psyche development makes it possible to consider hippovention as a system of social interactions built on a single theoretical basis and allowing us to solve various psychotherapeutic and developmental tasks in the context of the “Human–Horse” relationship.

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the relationships between the components of planned emigration behavior and the values among students aged 18–25 from Belarus (n = 208, 25% men, mean age = 19.8), Kazakhstan (n = 200, 26% men, mean age = 20.5) and Russia (n = 250, 25% men, mean age = 20.0). Results of testing of multigroup model of author’s questionnaire “Planned emigration behavior” and cross-cultural analysis of the manifestations of values and components of planned emigration behavior among students from three countries are presented in the first part of the article in the previous issue of the journal. In this part of the article we discuss the results of multigroup path analysis. We have identified identical and culturally specific links between the components of planned emigration behavior and the values among students from the three countries. Self-transcendence values are not involved in shaping of the planned emigration behavior of students from the three countries. Among Russians the self-enhancement values are positively linked with positive attitudes towards emigration, and the openness to change values are positively related to perceived behavioral control. Among Kazakhstanis, all factors of planned emigration behavior are negatively related to the conservation values, and subjective norms and attitudes towards emigration are positively related to the self-enhancement values. Among Belarusians, the conservation values are negatively related to subjective norms and attitudes towards emigration.

The purpose of the study was to develop a short version of the “Aspirations Index” questionnaire, based on the life goals sub-theory of self-determination theory and designed to measure two types of goals: intrinsic (Self-Expression, Relationships, Community scales) and extrinsic (Appearance, Fame, Influence scales). A total of 5635 high school students between the ages of 16 and 18 participated in the study (M = 16.81, SD = 0.68, 41% male). Confirmatory factor analysis of questionnaire’s structure demonstrated an acceptable fit to the data from both the six-factor model and the hierarchical model with the factors of intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations. The structure of the questionnaire at the scale level was confirmed to be consistent with a circular (circumplex) model, reflecting the expected ordering of the scales according to the intrinsic or extrinsic nature of the goals. The good internal consistency of the scales is evidenced by the magnitude of the Cranach’s α coefficients (0.78–0.85 for the first-level scales, 0.84 for intrinsic aspirations, and 0.89 for extrinsic aspirations). Correlations of the scales with the indicators of psychological well-being, motivation, and success in studies testify to the validity of the questionnaire. The presence of aspirations has been shown to be generally conducive to well-being, but it is the dominance of intrinsic prosocial aspirations that is most favorable.

      

In the second part of the article the authors continue the quantitative analysis of the publications on the scientific field of the psychology of morality, published by the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2002–2021. There was examined the citation figures for the entire period of their availability, identified the most highly cited books and articles, and determined the share of citations of books on the psychology of morality in the total number of citations of all monographs and collection of scientific papers of the Institute of Psychology RAS in 2002–2021. Conclusions are drawn about the relevance of the Institute of Psychology RAS publications on the psychology of morality and the place of this subject matter in the publication activity of the Institute's staff. The paper concludes with a discussion of possible patterns of research development within a particular research center.

The article discusses debatable issues of ideology, the relevance of their discussion not only for social science, but also for modern psychology. The ultimate goal of the author is to carry out a historical and psychological reconstruction of the doctrine of ideology in the work of A.A. Bogdanov (Malinovsky) (1873–1928). The focus is on Bogdanov's concept of ideology as part of the culture of society, its forms, phenomena, genesis, functions, variability, research method, possibilities of influence and prediction, which are considered from the standpoint of “General organizational science — tectology” and “philosophy of living experience”. The views of A. Bogdanov can be useful not only to modern representatives of many social sciences, but, first of all, to social psychologists studying macropsychological problems, specialists in the field of historical psychology, as well as historians of Russian psychology at the beginning of the 20th century.

The article is a response to the publications of A.L. Zhuravlev and E.A. Sergienko, inviting to a discussion on the development of psychological concepts. The view on the correlation of network and system methodology is specified. It is argued that the systematic approach cannot become a thing of the past, since the principle of consistency is one of the methodological prerequisites of psychological science. However, the era of non-classical psychology with its monopoly on the dominant discourse and the correct approach, the only true methodology, the idea of an invariable hierarchy of concepts, is becoming the past. The configuration of the ratios of network and system methodology in psychological research is mobile, changing depending on the chosen perspective and the problem being solved. The contribution of scientists from the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences to the development of an optimal model that combines the positions of network and system methodology is noted. The differentiation of concepts based on the levels of methodology of science is discussed, in accordance with which philosophical categories, general scientific and interdisciplinary concepts, specific scientific (general psychological and sectoral) concepts and metaphorical constructs are distinguished. This kind of analysis and development of psychological concepts in themselves change the model of scientific knowledge, since they create not only a conceptual, but also a theoretical network, where different approaches, previously ignoring or opposing each other at earlier stages of the development of science, become mutually complementary parts of the whole psychological science. produce a more subtle understanding of multidimensional psychological reality. The objectivity of this trend in the general context of the evolution of science is confirmed by the growth of agency and self-reflexivity of Russian scientists, expressed in work on psychological concepts, spontaneously arising in various research projects, psychological schools and institutions.

The results of the XII All-Russian scientific and practical conference “Psychology of the relationship of a person to life: problems and prospects” (July 11–13, 2023, Vladimir), dedicated to the 130th anniversary of the birth of V.N. Myasishchev. The reports of the plenary session prepared by V.A. Mazilov “V.N. Myasishchev: little-known facets of the talent of an outstanding scientist, V.P. Poznyakov “On the research of A.L. Zhuravlev of socio-psychological problems of economic transformations in Russian society”, V.A. Zobkov “Perspective lines of development of the psychology of the relationship of man to life”, I.E. Zadorozhnyuk “The phenomenon of the aporia of fact: an approach from the standpoint of the psychology of relations”, A.V. Zobkov “The subject through the prism of the psychology of relations”. A number of plenary reports by other scientists are indicated. The work of the conference was recognized by the participants as productive, significant for solving modern practical and theoretical problems of the psychology of a person's attitude to life.