编号 87 (2023)

Relevance. Art therapy is a transdisciplinary field that brings together art, medicine, psychology, philosophy, pedagogy, and sociology. Currently, a significant body of work on art therapy has been published. However, the majority of research focuses exclusively on the creative work of the patient through activities such as drawing, sculpting, and so on, exploring how the patient (client) expresses their inner world. This is how the diagnosis of the problem takes place, followed by the development of an algorithm for art therapy treatment through various techniques involving the direct participation of the patient in the empirical process. Art therapy involving “contemplation of painting” remains largely unexplored.

The objective of this article is to enhance and improve the effectiveness of art therapy techniques through the study of the impact of “contemplation” of painting masterpieces on an individual’s psyche. Our task is to analyze which specific paintings should be used in this art therapy technique and which paintings should be present in the art therapist’s studio. Hermeneutic analysis allows for describing the diversity of interpretations of meanings (texts and contexts) in this art therapy technology.

Methodology. The study involved 94 participants. The analysis focuses on the materials from the first stage of the research, which consisted of a survey aimed at determining respondents’ opinions on which genres of painting (world-famous masterpieces of art) they believe improve mood, induce positive emotions, and promote relaxation.

In composing this article, both empirical and theoretical research methods were employed. Empirical methods included: 1) Non-standardized surveys conducted on social media platforms such as Mail.ru, VKontakte (VK), and Odnoklassniki, which provided statistical data on the subject matter (94 responses); 2) Visualization of paintings (reproductions of artworks). Theoretical methods employed were: 1) Phenomenological (transcendental) reduction a shift towards the analysis of consciousness as pure contemplation of essences, a sort of “wonder,” considering the essence within the stream of phenomena through intentionality (the specificity of the object); 2) Systematic approach examining the problem within a system and its subsystems; 3) Comparative method, i.e., comparing various indicators.

Results and discussion: Based on the research conducted among 94 respondents, it was determined that more than half of them believe that paintings in the landscape genre have a favorable effect on the individual’s mental state. The study analyzes the reasons behind this choice.

Conclusion. Conformulated specific recommendations for the improvement of art therapy techniques and equipment for the art therapist studio.

Relevance. Short-term clinical-psychological intervention is currently quite commonly used in medicine for the purposes of prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation, as it has several advantages over other methods of psychological interventions: a low number of sessions, the possibility of conducting short sessions lasting 10–15 minutes, a clear session structure that allows not only psychologists but also treating physicians to work with patients. Kidney stone disease is a chronic condition with a high risk of recurrence; however, research shows that following a series of simple preventive procedures can significantly reduce the risk of recurrence. It has been observed that nearly 50% of patients stop following these recommendations within six months. This article presents data demonstrating the influence of the degree of formation of attitudes toward following medical prescriptions on the level of therapy adherence, based on which a model of short-term psychological intervention for patients with kidney stone disease aimed at increasing therapy adherence was proposed.

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the level of therapy adherence, specifically: awareness of the disease, the degree of formation of attitudes towards following medical prescriptions, and the degree of formation of behavioral factors. Additionally, the study aims to develop a short-term intervention plan aimed at increasing therapy adherence for patients with kidney stone disease based on the obtained results.

Methods. The study involved 114 patients with urolithiasis (with localization of the calculus in the kidney – N20.0): 50 men and 64 women, the average age of the examined patients was 52 years. The study used: the questionnaire “Compliance Level” R.V. Kadyrov, a questionnaire specially designed for the purposes of the study. Mathematical and statistical processing was carried out using the Mann-Whitney U-test and regression analysis. The methodology for developing a short-term psychological intervention is based on ideas about the biopsychosocial nature of a person, illness and health, modern ideas about the phenomenon of adherence to treatment, a model of beliefs about health, and the principles of a motivational interview [1, 4, 7, 8, 13].

Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that the examined patients have a high and medium degree of adherence to therapy. It was shown that the most significant factor influencing behavioral compliance is the degree of formation of attitudes to the implementation of medical prescriptions. Based on the results obtained, a short-term psychological intervention plan was developed according to the purpose of the study. The short-term psychological intervention plan consists of five stages. The first stage is aimed at checking the patient’s awareness of the disease and basic preventive measures. The second stage is provided for patients who have insufficient awareness about the disease or prevention. The third stage involves the initial stages of behavioral changes, thus, the specialist assesses the patient’s readiness for lifestyle changes, or encourages existing strategies to ensure adherence to preventive measures. The fourth stage is aimed at specific behavioral changes, planning actions together with the patient, setting goals. Fifth is the last stage, the stage of monitoring changes in behavior, encouraging success, helping a specialist in case of failure of the patient.

Conclusion. The plan of short-term psychological intervention developed and presented can be used both by specialists in the psychological service of somatic medicine and by the attending physicians of patients.

Relevance. Pain syndromes, understood by the term “dorsopathy”, are the most common disease of the musculoskeletal system, characterized by a variety of clinical and neurological manifestations. This complexity in their presentation makes their treatment challenging and necessitates further research in this field.

The purpose of the study is to study the variety of clinical manifestations of dorsopathy, to systematize our own observations on the mechanisms of development of the clinical pattern, and to develop ways of additional medical and psychological impact on this disease, depending on the results obtained.

Material and methods. The examination was conducted in 220 patients aged 18 to 65 years with diagnosed cervicothoracic dorsopathy (CHD). Patients underwent a neurological examination using resistive biomechanical tests and samples, the intensity of the pain syndrome was assessed using a visual analogue scale, a digital rating scale, and a universal pain questionnaire was used to detail pain. Based on the results of the study, recommendations were developed on the use of methods for the psychological correction of conditions associated with the main diagnosis.

Results. The clinical polymorphism of pain sources determines the need for the development of new diagnostic methods, as well as the optimization of drug and non-drug rehabilitation schemes. These studies indicate that uncomplicated forms of dorsopathies of the cervicothoracic localization are distinguished by a relatively favorable course and prognostic outcome, which should be taken into account when developing a further strategy for the patient’s rehabilitation. Psychological support should be correlated with the results of differential diagnosis, identified forms of neurological and related disorders. When determining the strategy of psychological correction, the key factors are: the complicated and uncomplicated nature of CHD, the gender of the patient and his age.

Findings. The results of the study indicate the need to take into account the form of CHD, as well as the gender of the patient and his age, when developing an individual strategy for medical and psychological impact and his subsequent rehabilitation.

Relevance. According to WHO data on the leading causes of mortality and disability worldwide during the period from 2000 to 2019, heart diseases have remained the leading cause of death globally for 20 years. Type D personality is associated with chronic psychosocial risk factors and is linked to a reduced quality of life. It is recommended for screening patients with cardiovascular diseases [6]. The study of signs of manifestation of Personality Type D among adolescents is aimed at early detection and detection of the occurrence of diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Intention – research of individual psychological characteristics of adolescents with Personality Type D.

Methodology. 50 adolescents were examined. The 1st group consisted of 27 people classified as personality type D (mean age = 19.5 years), the 2nd group consisted of 23 people, also studying at a higher educational institution, without signs of personality type D. The testing method was employed using the following assessments: Multilevel Personality Questionnaire (MLO) “Adaptiveness”, Questionnaire “14-point scale for identifying personality type D” (J. Denollet), Author’s questionnaire “Reaction of insult” (I. A. Lelyakova), Author’s questionnaire “Vegetozy” (Moskalik Yu. IN.).

Results and discussion. The collected data as a whole allows us to conclude that the characteristics of the identified personality type disrupt the adaptation process, chronify neuro-mental tension, which manifests in various behavioral anomalies with the potential development of somatic illnesses.

Conclusion. The analysis and study of the individual psychological characteristics of young individuals with Type D personality can enhance the effectiveness of preventive measures and psychocorrection of cardiovascular diseases.

Relevance. The issue of domestic violence was actively silenced in society until recently. However, domestic violence is one of the reasons for suicide attempts made by women. According to Forbes Woman statistics in 2021, 75 % of murdered women, died from domestic violence [8]. At the same time, the personal experience of violence is always a traumatic experience for both victim and abuser. In the case of domestic violence, the situation is complicated by the fact that there is a need to maintain and preserve continuous communication and interpersonal relationships between the victim and the aggressor. This can complicate the process of personality development and the formation of its adaptive capabilities.

Intention: to analyze the impact of domestic violence on the features of maladaptation and the development of aggressive behavior in women who are clients of crisis centers.

Methodology. The study involved 51 female clients of St. Petersburg crisis centers “Little Mother” and “Woman in Danger” aged 18 to 48 years who were subjected to domestic violence. Psychological, sociological and mathematical-statistical methods were used in the study. Data collection was carried out in the form of a face-to-face individual survey.

Results and Discussion. Correlation, factorial and regression analysis showed that violence experienced in childhood has a significant impact on self-perception, disadaptation and development of aggressive behavior of women in adulthood. At the same time, psychological violence from the husband has a significant impact on the behavior of women who suffered violence in childhood, actualizing their suspicion and negativism. This can lead to the aggravation of conflicts and intensification of violence in family relations.

Conclusion. The problem of domestic violence requires a deep psychological analysis and a serious legislative approach, because the long-term presence of a person in conditions of constant violence can lead to extremely unfavorable consequences, forming maladaptive behavior and contributing to the actualization of intrapersonal conflicts.