Том 51, № 5 (2017)

To elucidate the possible role of the transcription factor (TRF) JIN1/MYC2 in implementation of stress-protective effects of abscisic acid (ABA), the effect of exogenous ABA on the state of stomata and the activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline content under salt stress conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana plants of wild type (Col-0) and jin1 mutants with impaired jasmonate signaling was investigated. Treatment of leaves’ epidermis with ABA (10 or 100 μM) caused the closing of stomata in Col-0 plants but has hardly any influence on stomatal aperture in jin1 mutants. Salt stress (200 mM NaCl exposure for 24 h) caused a reduction of the water content in the plant leaves of both genotypes. Addition of 10 μM ABA into the growing medium contributed to a maintaining of normal hydration in wild-type but not in jin1 plants under salt stress. ABA treatment caused an almost twofold increase in proline content in the leaves of plants of both genotypes under normal conditions. Pretreatment with phytohormone contributed to enhancing the proline content in wild-type plants at salt stress and had a less significant effect on its amount in jin1 plants. Treatment with ABA under physiologically normal conditions increased the catalase activity in wild-type plants. Both genotypes under ABA influence showed increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Under salt stress conditions, higher activity of SOD, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase was observed in ABA-treated wild-type plants but not in jin1 mutants. A conclusion about the participation of TRF JIN1/MYC2 in the formation of certain ABA-induced physiological responses of Arabidopsis plants was made.

The character of inheritance of the morphological traits of spike and grain color and morphometric parameters of the grain in simple and backcross F₁ and F₂ hybrids of spelt and soft wheat has been investigated. The experiments confirmed that single homologous genes determine the trait of grain width in different species of wheat. Incomplete dominance of the gene that determines the trait of grain length has been revealed. The increase of the dosage of genes from one wheat species in a backcross hybrid has been shown to increase the deviation from the other species and to bring the values of the quantitative parameters of the grain closer to the values for the saturating species. Splitting of the spike color trait in the F₂ offspring has been shown to follow the 15: 1 dihybrid cross scheme and to be controlled by two dominant homologous genes.

The study was aimed to analyze the relation between individual genotypes and allelic variants of SNPs g.2141C>G of growth hormone gene, g.914T>A and g.257A>G of growth hormone receptor gene with growth and reproduction traits and to evaluate the populationgenetic structure in Aberdeen-Angus cattle (Bos taurus L., 1758) sample of Eastern Ukraine according SNPs studied. Allele C of SNP g.2141C>G has a positive correlation with birth weight, body stature, bigger rump, udder and total exterior evaluation score, shorter calving interval and better calve birth weight and negative correlation with calve average daily gain. Allele T of SNP g.914T>A has positive correlation with the muscle and udder size; live weight in each age, average daily gain, weight and average daily gain of calves born conform to the principle AA>TT≥TA. SNP g.257A>G showed a positive correlation for G allele with muscle size. The population is in equilibrium for SNPs g.2141C>G and g.257A>G, and in disequilibrium for SNP g.914T>A. The analysis showed no linkage disequilibrium between SNPs g.914T>A and g.257A>G. Inbreeding coefficient F_ST in Aberdeen-Angus group studied was 16.1%.

A molecular genetic study of the polymorphic C-159T locus of the CD14 gene has been carried out in 31 children with recurrent episodes of acute obstructive bronchitis as well as in a cohort of 50 randomly sampled subjects forming the control group. As a result of the study, no higher statistically significant frequency of the CC, CT, and TT genotypes has been recorded at the polymorphic C-159T locus of the CD14 gene among children of the main group compared with the control. However, there is a trend towards a more frequent observation of the TT genotype among children with recurrent episodes of acute obstructive bronchitis compared with the control group (32.25 vs. 22.0%).

In current paper, we studied the meiotic chromosome number and details of cytomixis recorded for the first time in Thalictrum cultratum Wall. from the high altitude areas of northwest Himalaya (India). Cytomixis, the phenomenon of inter PMC (pollen mother cell) migration of chromatin material has been reported in many angiosperms and other groups of plants, but there is no published report in Thalictrum cultratum. All the presently studied accessions of the species existed at diploid level (x = 7). The present chromosome count of n = 14 has been reported for the first time from the study area. The cytological stability of any plant is an important consideration in view of its existence in nature. Meiotic disturbances can impose threat to the reproductive potential of plant. Current study reveals the occurrence of inter PMC migration of chromatin material. In present investigation, the phenomenon of cytomixis can be observed between 2 to 9 PMCs. Chromatin migration occurs through narrow and broad cytoplasmic channels or occasionally fused together during metaphase-I and anaphase-I. Cytomixis resulted in the formation of hypo- (n = 2, 2 + 1 small fragment, n = 3 + 3 small fragments, 4, 5 + extra mass of chromatin, 13) and hyperploid (n = 7 + 2 small fragments, 8 + 2 small fragments, 14, 14 + 2 small fragments, 15) PMCs, variable sized pollen grains and pollen sterility (20%). The current study reveals that cytomixis is responsible for formation of PMCs with variable chromosomes (hypoand hyperploid) and pollen grains of heterogeneous sizes and pollen sterility in T. cultratum. This is the first report of cytomixis in the species.

The aim of this study was to ensure the systematic protein expression of two genes (GTG and Cry1Ac) under the influence of two different constitutive promoters i.e. Ubiquitin-1 and CaMV 35S promoters in different sugarcane lines. PCR amplification of GTG and Cry1Ac was achieved from putative transgenic plants through gene specific primers. Qualitative comparisons of GTG and Cry1Ac genes expression under two different promoters were obtained through protein dot blot and dipstick assay. The appearance of comparatively dark color dots in dot blot and dark color bands on dipstick with Ubiquitin as compared to light color bands with CaMV35S promoter, qualitatively confirmed high protein expression of two genes under Ubiquitin promoter. In quantitative gene expression comparisons maximum optical density (OD) at 450 nm of UV-light was obtained for GTG (3.7 OD) and Cry1Ac (3 OD) under Ubiquitin promoter, while for GTG (1.6 OD) and Cry1Ac (2.5 OD) with CaMV 35S promoter. The results indicated higher expression of two genes under Ubiquitin-1 promoter in sugarcane was found as compared to CaMV 35S promoter. This study provides a guide for stable and high expression of transgenes with reference to Ubiquitin-1 promoter which can be utilize in sugarcane as well as in other monocots.

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