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卷 2016, 编号 13 (2016)
- 年: 2016
- 文章: 24
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/0036-0295/issue/view/10417
Processes of Manufacture of Ferrous and Nonferrous Metals
Determination of the hardness and the mechanical properties of steel during melting, secondary refining, and continuous casting in an arc-furnace shop
摘要
The density and the ultimate tensile strength of steel are studied during melting, secondary refining, and continuous casting in an arc-furnace shop.
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Synthesis and characterization of metal–polymer nanocomposites with radiation-protective properties
摘要
Metal–polymer nanocomposites, which can weaken the activity of a beta radiation source in undesirable directions at the minimum protection size, are developed. These nanocomposites are fabricated by dispersing metal-containing nanoparticles in thermoplastic matrices. Metal nanoparticles are synthesized by the polymerassisted thermolysis of metal-containing precursors. The composition and structure of the nanocomposites are characterized by elemental and X-ray diffraction analyses and transmission electron microscopy.
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Development and research of a rhenium-free high-temperature nickel superalloy for the turbine rotor blades in aviation GTE
摘要
The studies directed on designing an advanced rhenium-free nickel superalloy, which is an analog of ZhS32VI alloy, are performed. The chemical composition of the alloy has been found and an experimental alloy batch has been melted (10 kg). Microstructural and metallographic studies and strength tests are carried out. The new single-crystal superalloy has a long-term strength σ1000100= 238–248 MPa at a density of 8.87 g/cm3.
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Refining a complex ZhS32-VI nickel alloy from silicon and phosphorus by unidirectional solidification of the melt at low solidification front velocities
摘要
The possibility of decreasing the silicon and phosphorus contents in a high-temperature ZhS32-VI nickel alloy by directional movement of solidification front at a velocity V = 6 mm/h has been studied. As a result, the contents of the impurities have decreased as compared to those in the starting alloy; the decrease in the silicon and phosphorus contents is from 2 to 4 and from 14 to 20 times, respectively. Thus, nonmetallic inclusions, in particular, those containing silicon and phosphorus, are moved to the top of the ingot.
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Physical Metallurgy. Thermal and Thermochemical Treatment Technologies
Structure formation in boron-rich iron–boron compounds
摘要
The mechanism of formation of boron-containing phases during steel borating has been studied. The transformations in the boride phase are shown to be related to the decomposition and appearance of new clusters, i.e., their synthesis owing to the coalescence of defects. This is related to the probability for boron or iron vacancies to be formed and fluctuated. A mathematical description of the kinetics of boride layer formation is given.
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Next-generation casting technologies and their adaptation and development in Russia: I. at the beginning of a new technological paradigm
摘要
The up-to-date methods of powder metallurgy and casting technology are considered. They can be used to apply the design and technological solutions that are intended to form parts with the optimum space configuration, to deLcrease the number of assembly elements, and to decrease the number of mechanical and welded joints in units.
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Influence of preliminary oxidation on the subsequent nitriding
摘要
The interaction of oxidation atmospheres with metals and alloys and the influence of an oxide film on the formation of a hardened layer upon the subsequent nitriding are considered.
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Methods of Studying the Structure and Properties of Materials
Substantiation of the ratio of the sample thickness to the indentation depth in hardness measurements
摘要
The depths to which plastic deformation occurs under ball indentation of a steel plate at various loads is determined. It is established that the ratio of the depth that plastic deformation reaches to the indentation depth is constant (approximately 15) independently of the indentation load. This finding allows us to conclude that this ratio should be held no less than 15 in hardness measurements. Experiments demonstrate that the lower the hardness of the metal substrate, the larger the decrease in the measured hardness when the ratio is lower than 15.
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Nanotechnologies and Nanomaterials
Formation of the structure of the weld metal upon the introduction of nanoparticles into the weld pool
摘要
The addition of nanodispersed powders to the area of welded joint is a promising control mechanism of controlling the properties of the weld metal. This article is aimed at determining the influence of TiN, TiCN, and WC nanoparticles (<100 nm) on the structure and the properties of the welded joint.
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Powder Metallurgy Technologies
Thermodynamic calculations of the cooling of the products of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in a heat-generating reactor
摘要
The cooling of the products of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis in a heat-generating reactor, which is used to synthesize refractory compound powders, is considered.
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Optimization of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis using a halogen fluoride as an igniter for reagents
摘要
The minimum quantity of the high-activity chemical reagent (HACR) that is required for the initiation of self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) is determined. The experimental results show that 1–1.3 mg ClF3 (gravity flow from a dosing device), BrF3 on the end of a filling knife, or a few ClF2+ SbF6- crystals are sufficient for the initiation of titanium–boron or titanium–carbon high-energy powder charge compositions. Since the quantity of HACR required for SHS initiation is very small, the chemical method of initiation can be used for the development of a mobile ignition device for estimating the ignition of various SHS charge compositions under laboratory conditions and for application in standard reactors.
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Coating Deposition
Physicomechanical properties of galvanic chromium coatings on steel parts
摘要
The physicomechanical properties of galvanic chromium coatings on steel parts are studied. Mechanical treatment of a base and a coating by various finishing methods is shown to change the physicomechanical properties of the coatings.
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Electron-beam deposition of chromium carbide–based coatings with an ultradispersed structure or a nanostructure
摘要
Coatings with an ultradispersed structure and a nanostructure, which have a high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and a satisfactory ductility, are fabricated by electron-beam vacuum-free deposition of a powder mixture of chromium carbide, chromium, and titanium carbide using a relativistic electron accelerator. The increase in the wear resistance and the ductility is shown to be associated with the modifying influence of titanium carbide, which manifests itself in sharp structure refinement the presence of numerous nucleation centers in it in the form of disperse TiC precipitates.
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New Materials. Technology of Composite Materials
Heat-insulating aerogel composites for a hydrothermal reactor
摘要
The SiO2–TiO2 aerogel composites used in the heat insulation of a hydrothermal reactor and the method of their fabrication using a liquid glass technology are analyzed. The process of fabrication of the composite material includes the following stages: the ion exchange of sodium liquid glass with the formation of silica hydrosol; the concentration of hydrosol; the formation of hydrogel and its maturing; the formation of alcogel of an SiO2–TiO2 composite material; surface modification; subcritical drying of alcogel with the formation of SiO2–TiO2 composite ambigel; and its heat treatment, granulation, and classification. The influence of infrared absorber (titanium dioxide) and the temperature of heat treatment of an SiO2–TiO2 aerogel composite material on its structural and thermal characteristics is studied.
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Combined Methods of Treatment
Machining technological media used for chamber multispindle machining of parts made of powder materials
摘要
The machining of parts made of powder materials by densified dispersed abrasive media is experimentally studied. The role of lubricant-cooling agents in polishing and their influence on the efficiency and quality of machining is considered.
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Mechanical Treatment of Blanks and Assembly
Effect of severe technological deformation on the copper density
摘要
The effect of severe plastic deformation on the copper density during forming parts using cold rotary drawing is considered. The consideration is performed as applied to technology of manufacturing of cumulative coatings of commercially pure oxygen-free copper. The copper density behaves nonmonotonically during severe plastic deformation. The results can be useful in theoretical and applied studies of the consequences of significant plastic deformations appeared in metal forming technologies.
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Metal Forming
Manufacture of parts from a titanium alloy under superplasticity conditions
摘要
A pseudo-α PT3V titanium alloy with a grain size of about 10 μm is shown to demonstrate all evidence of superplasticity in the temperature range 880–920°C during tensile deformation at a strain rate of 10–3–10–2 s–1: the relative elongation is higher than 300% and the strain-hardening exponent is higher than 0.4. It is concluded that the use of isothermal stamping of bottom-type parts from the titanium alloy in the superplastic state is profitable.
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Estimation of plastic deformation in the technologies of bulk cold deformation
摘要
A technique for determining the degree of reduction upon forming by cold bulk shaping has been proposed. The technique is based on a comparison of the measurement data on the hardness of a cold-worked metal with that of the same metal subjected to a compression test at a certain strain intensity. The technique has been tested in technological operations of reduction and thread rolling.
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Nonmetallic Materials and Their Processing into Products
One-zone rolling of composite materials
摘要
The energy–force parameters of free rolling of a strip without its tension and rolling with one backward or forward creep zone in the deformation zone are compared. The limiting backward or forward tensions are determined, and the change in the linear sizes of a composite billet during deformation in a rolling mill is considered.
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Welding Technologies. Soldering
Hardness of the near-weld zone during contact spot welding of steels using an adhesive–weld technology
摘要
The hardness of a metal and the near-weld zone is studied for traditional contact spot welding and an adhesive–weld technology using various adhesive materials.
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Equipment and Devices
Method for reaching air-tightness of the joint between the casing of an impeller pump and its cover
摘要
A method is considered to reach the air-tightness of the flange joint of the casing of an impeller pump with its cover using an anaerobic sealant instead of a gasket made of a thermoplastic material. The possible causes of leakage of working fluids that are related to the errors of machining flange surfaces and the specific features of their assembly are shown. The properties of anaerobic sealants that ensure the air-tightness of the flange joints are presented.
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Quality Management and Certification
Control of the surface quality parameters of machine components during static pulsed treatment
摘要
A technique is developed to determine the homogeneity of the structure in a surface layer subjected to strain hardening. Static pulsed treatment is found to be one of the most effective surface plastic deformation methods that can be used to control the uniformity of hardening a surface layer. This treatment makes it possible to create a hardened surface layer to a depth of 10 mm with a homogeneous or heterogeneous structure.
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Modern methods for the quality management of high-rate melt solidification
摘要
The quality management of high-rate melt solidification needs combined solution obtained by methods and approaches adapted to a certain situation. Technological audit is recommended to estimate the possibilities of the process. Statistical methods are proposed with the choice of key parameters. Numerical methods, which can be used to perform simulation under multifactor technological conditions, and an increase in the quality of decisions are of particular importance.
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Know-How Activity
Hardnesses of metal parts and constructions measured for comparison by small hardness testers with different principles of operation
摘要
The existing handheld and portable hardness testers are classified depending on their operating principles. The advantages and disadvantages of the measurement procedures and the hardness testers are considered. The hardnesses of the metal parts with different masses and stiffness are measured by mechanical and physical-mechanical hardness testers and compared. The test errors are estimated. Recommendations for the calibration of the hardness testers of physical and mechanical operating principles are given.
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