慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变和卵黄样营养不良成年患者鉴别诊断的预测因素

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研究目的: 研究诊断预测因素,以优化成年患者发生慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(CSCR)和卵黄样营养不良(VD)的鉴别诊断。在多模态诊断的基础上,确定成人患者慢性CSCR和VD特征最具有参考价值的临床诊断标准,评估其预后。

材料和方法: 该研究包括61名患有长期神经上皮脱落(ND)的患者(90只眼睛)。收集了所有患者的病史和家族史并进行了全面的常规检查:视力测定与最佳矫正视力(BCVA),裂隙灯显微镜和眼底照相,视网膜光学相干断层扫描(OCT)和血管成像(OCT-A),短波自体荧光(SW-AF),视网膜荧光血管造影(FAG),吲哚菁绿色视网膜血管成像(ICGA)。将患者分为2组:VD患者30名(30只眼睛), 慢性CSCR患者31名(31只眼睛)。对所进行的各类检查标准进行了研究,并使用ROC分析评估其预 后价值。

结果: 诊断成人VD最具有参考价值的非侵入性预测因素被定义为:该病的阳性家族史、高荧光(HAF)的亮度和梯度、特征性的«半月形»和«珠状»高荧光、存在大量视网膜下沉积和«钟乳石»沉积。诊断慢性CSCR最具有参考价值的非侵入性预测因素是:主要病灶以外的额外低AF或高AF点,又或是主病灶外的区域,神经上皮的高反射点和脉络膜厚度增加,«双层»症状,脉络膜新生血管的 存在。两组预后价值最高的是对SW-AF的研究。

结论: 获得的结果可以优化VD和慢性CSCR的鉴别诊断。

作者简介

Nataliia Matcko

S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center “MNTK “Eye Microsurgery”; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: matsko.natalia@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8909-9999
SPIN 代码: 9790-4066

PhD Student

俄罗斯联邦, 41 Kirochnaya str., Saint Petersburg, 191015; Saint Petersburg

Marina Gatsu

S.N. Fedorov National Medical Research Center “MNTK “Eye Microsurgery”; I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University

Email: m-gatsu@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9357-5801

Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor

俄罗斯联邦, 41 Kirochnaya str., Saint Petersburg, 191015; Saint Petersburg

参考

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2. 图.1.灰度。文中的解释 Fig. 1. Grayscale

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3. 图.2.中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变和卵黄样营养不良患者眼底的短波自发荧光。高自发荧光的例子。 1、2、3、4—由灰度确定的HAF的亮度,解释见文 Fig. 2. Blue light versus green light fundus autofluorescence in patients with persistent central serous chorioretinopathy and vitelliform dystrophies occurring in adults. 1, 2, 3, 4 – brightness of hyperautofluorescence (hyperAF) defined by Grayscale

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4. 图.3.患者的光学相干断层扫描(a-d)和血管造影(e-h):a,e—常染色体隐性遗传病;b,f—Best’s卵黄样营养不良;c,d,g,h—慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜病;b,d—扩张的脉络膜。b—局部,c—弥漫;a,b— 高反射脉络膜血管壁(蓝色箭头),脉络膜中的高反射点;a-d—视网膜下腔的高反射沉淀/沉积物(橙色 箭头)。a—卵黄样营养不良,«钟乳石»式沉积,b—«钟乳石»式沉积,c—融合为«边缘»形式,d—大量;a,b—罕见沉积区域的光感受器侵蚀(橙色箭头),视网膜下腔的高反射点;a-d—神经上皮的高反射点(黄色箭头)。 b,c—波浪状的RPE脱落,«双层»特征(蓝色箭头),对应OCT-A有脉络膜新生血管(f,g),a—根据OCT-A上没有脉络膜新生血管的囊性神经上皮变性(e) Fig. 3. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) (a–d) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) (e–h) of patients: a, e – with autosomal recessive bestrofinopathy; b, f – with Best macular dystrophy; c, g, d, h – with persistent central serous chorioretinopathy

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5. 图.4.慢性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变(a,b)和Best’s卵黄样营养不良(c,d)患者的眼底短波自体荧光的最重要预测因素的说明。a—AF为三层梯度(中心区-低AF背景,中间区—弥漫性低/高AF背景,外侧区—病灶融合性高AF,亮度为3;b—主要病灶外的额外低/高AF点,亮度为2(浸润点);c—高AF为«半月形»,亮度为4;d—高AF为 «珠状»式,亮度为4 Fig. 4. Illustration of the most significant predictors of BAF in groups with persistent central serous chorioretinopathy (a, b) and vitelliform dystrophies occurring in adults (c, d)

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6. 图.5. Best’s卵黄样营养不良(a)和慢性CSCR(b-e)患者吲哚菁绿眼底血管造影的最重要预测因素说明。a—染色剂被卵黄样物质阻滞(箭头);b—扩张的Haller层血管(箭头);c—研究中期的毛细血管通透性过高(箭头); d、e—OCT-A和ICGA有新生血管的患者,ICGA上有轮廓(箭头) Fig. 5. Illustration of the most significant predictors of ICG in groups with persistent central serous chorioretinopathy and vitelliform dystrophies occurring in adults

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