Features of differential diagnosis of direct carotid-cavernous fistula. Clinical case

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Traumatic brain injury can cause various pathological conditions both in the eyeball and in the cranial cavity. The presented clinical case demonstrates the features of differential diagnosis of direct carotid-cavernous fistula and secondary post-traumatic glaucoma. Direct carotid-cavernous fistula is the formation of a communication between the internal carotid artery and the cavernous sinus and the discharge of arterial blood into it. The first symptom of a carotid-cavernous fistula is a pulsating noise in the head and above the eye. The manifest signs in the clinical picture are the signs of obstruction of venous outflow from the eye and the orbit: proptosis, eyelid edema and chemosis, congestive redness of the eye, varicose subcutaneous veins of the eyelids, as well as dilated ophthalmic vein visualized by ultrasound of the orbit, ophthalmic hypertension, oculomotor disorders, state of the fundus. The clinical picture in patients with secondary post-traumatic contusion glaucoma, in addition to an increase in intraocular pressure, is characterized by the presence of a congestive redness of the eye, changes in the cornea from mild superficial opacities to more dense ones, luxation or subluxation of the lens into the anterior chamber or vitreous, destruction of the vitreous or intraocular hemorrhage. The similarity of clinical manifestations of traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula and secondary post-traumatic glaucoma can cause difficulties in differential diagnosis.

作者简介

Tatyana Tabashnikova

N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: ttabashnikova@nsi.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-1129-0119

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), ophthalmologist

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Natalya Serova

N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery

Email: nserova@nsi.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0148-7298
SPIN 代码: 5079-8064

Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, chief of the ophthalmological Department

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Sergey Yakovlev

N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery

Email: sysb@nsi.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0798-2604

Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor, chief of the neurosurgical Department, neurosurgeon

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

参考

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2. Fig. 1. Edema of the eyelids, dilated subcutaneous vein of the upper eyelid

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3. Fig. 2. Right-sided proptosis. Edema of the eyelids. Dilated episcleral vessels

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4. Fig. 3. Dilated superior ophthalmic vein of the right orbit (arrow)

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5. Fig. 4. Fundus images in patient with right carotid cavernous fistula

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6. Fig. 5. Right post-traumatic carotid cavernous fistula. Angiography of the right internal carotid artery before (a, b) and after endovascular treatment (c, d) — complete obliteration of the fistula. 1 — right internal carotid artery; 2, 2'' — right and left internal jugular veins; 3, 3'' — right and left inferior petrosal sinuses; 4, 4'' — right and left cavernous sinuses; 5, 5'' — right and left superior ophthalmic veins; 6 — right facial vein; 7 — posterior intercavernous sinus

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7. Fig. 6. The eyelids of the right eye after treatment

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8. Fig. 7. Patient’s appearance after surgery

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版权所有 © Tabashnikova T.V., Serova N.K., Yakovlev S.B., 2023

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