Vol 68, No 4 (1987)
Immediate type reactions in pathogenesis of infectious allergy
Abstract
The bacterial allergens available in our country are designed to detect only delayed-type hypersensitivity. However, it is known that both delayed- and immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions may be involved in the pathogenesis of infectious-allergic diseases. A number of authors have shown the presence of specific reactive antibodies of the IgE class to bacteria in patients with infectious allergies. There is evidence of elevated levels of IgE in patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma, pyoderma and microbial eczema. Immediate reactions in infectious allergies may occur with the formation of circulating immune complexes.
Immunologic tests in the diagnosis of candidiasis sensitization
Abstract
Currently, the Kazan Research Institute of EMR has developed Candida albicans allergen for the diagnosis of allergic diseases caused by sensitization to Candida fungi by means of skin allergy tests. In some cases, however, skin allergy tests alone cannot be used to determine whether fungal sensitization is present. There are diseases in which skin testing is contraindicated. It is necessary to develop in vitro tests that ensure complete harmlessness of specific diagnosis for the patient.
Blood serum immunoglobulins in patients with allergic disorders due to fungous sensitization
Abstract
Recently, the study of sensitization to saprophytic mold fungi has become increasingly interesting. They play the most significant role in the development of respiratory allergies of fungal etiology. The natural environment for the vegetation of saprophytic fungi are soil, various plants, manure, from where fungal spores constantly infest water, air, agricultural products, house dust and other environmental objects. Spores of mold fungi entering the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and conjunctiva, without further development and dissemination, can exhibit their antigenic properties and cause a state of hypersensitivity.
Neutrophile functional state in patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis
Abstract
Currently, in the study of respiratory pathology much attention is paid to the study of the state of specific and non-specific protection of the organism, its reactivity. Such diseases as bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive bronchitis are characterized by a slow course with a tendency to progression. Significantly affects these respiratory diseases of the accession of secondary infection. In the formation of the clinical picture and the nature of the underlying disease, in addition to infection, a major role is played by the state of the general and specific reactivity of the organism. This underlines not only theoretical but also practical importance of methods, which help to judge in clinic about the state of reactivity of patient's organism, moreover they can serve as criterion of process activity. The methods allowing to evaluate in the clinic the non-specific reactivity of the organism and the state of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms can also include cytochemical studies of neutrophils, since the enzymatic activity of blood neutrophils reflects changes in intracellular metabolism and agrees with the general shifts in the metabolism of the organism.
Microcirculatory disturbances correction by fibrinolysin in patients with bronchial asthma
Abstract
Currently, along with an increase in the number of patients with bronchial asthma, there is a tendency to a more severe course of the disease and an increase in cases of lethal outcomes. It is known that in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in bronchopulmonary diseases the leading place belongs to the state of microcirculation.
Deviations in the terminal circulation in nonspecific lung diseases are associated mainly with changes in the rheological properties of blood, the leading causes of which are obstructive syndrome with hypoxemia, coagulation shifts, dysproteinemia, increased blood viscosity, disseminated intravascular clotting, microthrombosis, etc.
Nakayama — Rutkovsky operation in complex treatment of bronchial asthma
Abstract
In recent decades, both in our country and abroad, a significant increase in the incidence of bronchial asthma in all age groups, its more severe course, increased mortality, large economic losses associated with temporary and permanent loss of ability to work have been noted. This disease attracts the attention of physicians of various specialties, including surgeons. More than 20 types of surgical interventions have been proposed for the surgical treatment of bronchial asthma; glomectomy with denervation of the sinocarotid reflexogenic zone, or Nakayama-Rutkovsky operation, is the most common among them. Its pathogenetic essence lies in the interruption of the pathological reflex pathway between the lungs and the respiratory center by surgical action on the intermediate link, which is the sinocarotid reflexogenic zone.
Hormonal and immunologic reactivity in children with thymicolymphatic state and acute bronchopneumonia treated by thymalin
Abstract
Acute pneumonia is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children, especially in the first year of life. Thymic and lymphatic condition in children is an aggravating premorbid background in the occurrence of acute pneumonia and its prolonged and recurrent course. Currently, this condition is considered as immune-endocrine deficiency syndrome, which is quite common (up to 22%) in children under 3 years. Therefore, the search for new effective methods of treatment, increasing hormonal resistance, cellular and humoral immunity of the body, accelerating recovery and preventing the development of complications in acute pneumonia combined with thymic-lymphatic condition in young children is very relevant. In this regard, of particular interest is Thymalin, a new preparation of polypeptide nature isolated from the thymus of calves.
Clinical and immunologic changes in newborns in late toxicosis of pregnancy
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the features of humoral immunity in 198 newborns depending on the duration of maternal treatment during pregnancy for late toxicosis. Immunological changes were judged by the levels of serum immunoglobulins A, M, G and E, circulating immune complexes and by the activity of the kinin system.
Effectiveness of repeated courses of specific hyposensitization in pollinosis
Abstract
As we know, specific hypersensitization with pollen allergens is the most effective method of pollen allergy treatment. Such treatment is provided during remission period of pollen allergy (mostly in winter), and more often in separate courses. However, until now there is no consensus on the dependence of the effectiveness of specific treatment on the number of hypersensitization courses. The allergologist constantly faces the question of how long to conduct specific therapy, how many courses of hypersensitization can be considered sufficient for a particular patient. As a rule, this question has to be solved during the remission period of the disease, which causes great difficulties, since there are no objective criteria for the advisability of prescribing another course of treatment. Besides clinical peculiarities of pollen allergy the duration of a course of treatment probably depends on regional factors, first of all on climatic and geographic ones; therefore, the number of hypersensitization courses may be different in different regions of our country.
Change in the functional state of neutrophils in acute myocardial infarction during the treatment by minidoses of heparin
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction, along with vascular pathology and immunological factors, the state of the blood coagulation system is of great importance. Activation of the enzymes of the contact phase of hemocoagulation "triggers" the processes of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, kininin formation, complement system, as well as nonspecific protective factors. The immune system and hemostasis react simultaneously and influence each other.
The effect of antireticular cytotoxic serum on the aorta elasticity in sclerous systolic hypertension
Abstract
It is known that pathogenesis of stable isolated sclerotic hypertension in elderly and senile patients is mainly caused by decreased elastic properties of aorta and large arteries due to age-related and, to a lesser extent, atherosclerotic changes. Loss of elasticity impairs the adaptive capacity of the circulatory system, leads to increased energy expenditure per unit minute volume, and left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. Sclerotic systolic hypertension is a risk factor for, firstly, cerebral strokes, increasing their frequency from 2 to 4 times, and secondly, myocardial infarctions, worsening their prognosis. Therefore, at the present time it is reasonable to strive for BP normalization in sclerotic systolic hypertension in old age and old age. Meanwhile, hypotensive drug therapy of systolic hypertension is ineffective, because it is aimed not on the primary, but on the secondary links of blood pressure regulation. Thus, vasodilators, which reduce peripheral resistance, saluretics, which reduce circulating fluid volume, beta-adrenoblockers, which reduce cardiac output, only temporarily reduce systolic pressure. Vigorous and persistent therapy with these medications can lead to a significant reduction in blood flow to the brain and other regions.
Possibilities of studying respiratory biomechanics on domestic pneumotachographs
Abstract
Spirographic and pneumotachometric methods are usually used to study some parameters of the external respiratory function in practical medicine. As their possibilities are limited, it is reasonable to use such methods as pneumotachographic, plethysmographic etc. for more profound research. Domestic pneumotachographs with an integrator as well as pneumotachographs PTG 3-01 produced by the SKTB "Medfizpribor" are convenient for studying such indices of respiratory biomechanics as respiratory work, elasticity and extensibility of lungs, bronchial resistance, bronchial permeability. The principle of pneumotachograph operation is based on registration of transpulmonary pressure and respiratory volume (V) fluctuations during respiratory cycle, thus a respiratory work loop is drawn, according to which total respiratory work and its components - elastic and non-elastic components - are calculated. At the same time by the loop it is possible to calculate extensibility and elasticity of lungs.
Express method in determination of CO2 content in the exhaled air
Abstract
In a series of devices, allowing to determine the content of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air in order to study alveolar ventilation, so far used low-inertia carbon dioxide gas analyzers GUM-1 and GUM-2.
At present the new apparatus BAUG-LV is developed in NPO "Medinstrument" on the basis of recommendation of expert commission on the devices, used for gas exchange, gas analysis and research of gases of blood, and Committee on new medical equipment. Since April 1985, the device has been undergoing clinical trials.
Effect of strophantine and corglicone on hemodynamics in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis with chronic respiratory and pulmonary heart failure
Abstract
In recent years in the literature there is a discussion about the ways of correction of pulmonary and pulmonary-cardiac disorders in respiratory diseases. Some authors recommend along with bronchodilators to use cardiac glycosides in the early stages of lung disease, others believe that their use is indicated only in decompensation of cardiac activity, others believe that this group of drugs should not be used in pulmonology at all. Lack of consensus on this issue in the practical necessity of therapeutic correction of pulmonary heart failure makes the study of this issue very urgent.
Mammary gland tuberculosis
Abstract
The mammary gland is relatively rarely affected by tuberculous process - in 0.6-1.6% of all cases of pathology of this organ, although a number of authors point out a higher frequency of this disease. More often tuberculosis process spreads retrogradely lymphogenically from axillary, cervical lymph nodes or other primary focus, which is not always found. Hematogenous involvement is less common.
Comprehensive evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of transverse plantar deformity of the foot with valgus deviation of the I toe
Abstract
Foot deformities are the most common orthopedic diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Thus, according to CITO, static flatfoot accounts for 18-20% of all orthopedic pathologies.
More than 250 methods and various modifications of surgical treatment of static flatfoot have been proposed. After these surgical interventions, patients lose their ability to work for a long time and recovery of limb function often takes up to 3-4 months. Therefore, evaluation of the effectiveness of various surgical interventions using functional methods, in particular biomechanical methods, is very important and necessary.
Serum 5'-nucleotidase activity in rhesus-conflict pregnancy
Abstract
In rhesus conflict, the main damaging factor is the antigen-antibody reaction, which grossly violates many mechanisms that ensure homeostasis. The antigen-antibody reaction occurs mainly on the surface of the placenta. In severe forms of isoserological incompatibility between mother and fetus there is edema and dystrophy of the structural elements of the chorion and decidual membranes with disruption of the most important functions of the placenta.
Course and prognosis of nephrotic syndrome in children
Abstract
The development of nephrotic syndrome in a child poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to clinicians, such as clarifying the primary or secondary nature of the syndrome, determining its morphological basis if possible, developing treatment tactics during clinical observation and recommendations for supportive therapy in the outpatient setting. Although the clinical and laboratory complex of the nephrotic syndrome seems to be perfectly studied and the general principles of therapy are given in nephrology manuals, the prognosis of the disease still remains unclear; the tactics of supportive treatment need further development.
Characteristics of microflora at different stages of surgical treatment of obstructive pyelonephritis in children
Abstract
It is known that in pyelonephritis, E. coli is often isolated from the urine. However, in recent years, along with this classic pathogen, patients with pyelonephritis began to isolate other uromicroflora. Thus, a number of studies have reported an increasing role of Proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the etiology of pyelonephritis in children and adults. A characteristic tendency to change the bacterial microflora depending on the duration of the disease, intensity and method of treatment has also been noted. According to some authors, the change of microorganisms may occur both during instrumental examinations and surgical interventions on the urinary system organs, and under the influence of antibacterial drugs. A number of studies have shown an increasing and even leading role of staphylococcus aureus in the etiology of some forms of pyelonephritis in children. There is an opinion that staphylococcus represents the main danger as an infectant in bladder catheterization and urinary tract drainage operations. Thus, further study of the microbial etiology of pyelonephritis is an urgent task in pediatric urology.
Immunobiological mechanisms of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system
Abstract
One of the leading problems of Soviet health care is antenatal protection of the fetus and prevention of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The main cause of perinatal mortality and severe neurological lesions in childhood is still the birth craniocerebral trauma. Therefore, birth injuries in newborns have been and remain an urgent problem of neonatology. In the first days of life, 10-30% of newborns have some neurological symptoms. According to A.Yu. Ratner, natal damage to the nervous system during delivery occurs under the influence of not only purely mechanical causes, but to a greater extent, numerous antenatal factors that require the most, serious study in this regard. From such positions, the study of the immunological mechanism of intrauterine brain damage of the fetus and the newborn is of particular interest for psychiatrists and neuropathologists.
Relationship of immunomorphological reactions in the tumor stroma and regional lymph nodes in cancer
Abstract
Regional lymph nodes play an important role in anti-tumor protection, and changes in them have prognostic value. However, the barrier function of lymph nodes is not always sufficient to hold back and destroy malignant cells. And if in some cases the latter, getting into the lymph nodes, are subjected to destruction, in others - they reproduce unhindered, which leads to further spread of the tumor process.
Differential diagnostic value of the improved subcutaneous tuberculin test in lung diseases
Abstract
Due to the widespread use of the subcutaneous tuberculin test for differential diagnosis of lung diseases, it is advisable to unify its technique. This is necessary to obtain comparable results and to evaluate the subcutaneous test as a test for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and other lung diseases.
Fibronectin in acute dysentery
Abstract
Currently, researchers are paying increasing attention to fibronectin, one of the important nonspecific defense factors of the body, a modulator and a marker of the functional state of the RPP. The role of fibronectin in infectious pathology is little studied, although its ability to bind to some microorganisms is known. In the available literature we found no data on the level of this blood protein in acute dysentery.
Immunotherapy with bacterial allergens for chronic generalized periodontitis
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of chronic generalized periodontitis a significant role is assigned to microbial allergy, caused mainly by strepto- and staphylococci vegetating in periodontal pockets. Depression of the immunological defense mechanisms of the organism is also essential.
We tried to estimate the efficacy of chronic periodontitis treatment using hypersensitization or immune stimulation with bacterial allergens taking into account the immunological status of patients.
Circulating immune complexes and acetylation phenotypes in scleroderma
Abstract
We investigated the content of circulating immune complexes in limited and systemic scleroderma to clarify their diagnostic significance in different activity of the pathological process. We used polyethylene glycol test followed by determination of protein concentration on spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 450 nm.
Thermal imaging diagnosis of neuroosteofibrosis zones in rheumatoid arthritis patients
Abstract
The role of muscular system pathology in the clinical manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis is well known and confirmed by electromyographic, histological and histochemical studies. Clinically, muscle syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis is manifested by myalgia, myositis, muscle hypotrophy, as well as increased tone of periarticular muscles, painfulness in places of attachment of muscles to tendons, tendons to bones. When palpating the skeletal muscles located near the affected joint, we determined local areas of maximum painfulness (trigger zones), which corresponded to the areas of local muscle thickening (Müller, Cornelius). The term "neuroosteofibrosis," which is accepted in the literature, was proposed to denote such conditions.
Insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma
Abstract
Risk factors in the development of diabetes are various diseases of internal organs, especially those accompanied by inflammatory process.
We investigated insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma. There were 29 patients under observation: 21 patients were diagnosed with chronic bronchitis and 8 with bronchial asthma. Glucose tolerance was determined in all patients (50 g of glucose orally). Blood glucose content was determined by orthotoluidine method on an empty stomach, as well as 1 and 2 hours after glucose intake. At the same time, basal immunoreactive insulin secretion was studied.
Two cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Abstract
Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a severe erythema multiforme exudative with simultaneous lesions of the mucous membranes of natural orifices. Along with changes in the skin and mucous membranes, internal organs are also affected. The etiology of the disease is not fully elucidated. In recent years, there is more and more data for hyperergic form of drug dermatitis. In this regard, two cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome are of interest.
Diagnostic role of C-reactive protein determination in pregnant women in the prognosis of non-pregnancy
Abstract
The prognosis of pregnancy in the case of miscarriage is still of practical interest in obstetrics. We encountered several foreign reports on the feasibility of determining C-reactive protein in the blood of pregnant women to assess the prognosis of pregnancy, as well as the development of chorionamnionitis.
Due to the urgency of the problem, 123 pregnant women aged 18 to 35 years at 15 to 35 weeks of pregnancy were examined and their blood C-RB was determined upon admission to the hospital and during treatment. Of these, there were 72 first-pregnant and 51 second-pregnant women. The cause of miscarriage in most of them was unknown.
Experience in the Treatment of Female Infertility in a Rural Community Hospital
Abstract
We analyzed the results of a six-year experience in the treatment of female infertility by the efforts and means of the district hospital.
From 1980 to 1985, we followed 36 women suffering from infertility: 12 between the ages of 20 and 25, 20 between 25 and 30, and 4 between 30 and 40.
About postnatal endometritis
Abstract
We analyzed the course of postnatal endometritis in 123 women treated in the gynecologic department of City Hospital 5 in 1983 and 1984. There were 22.8% of patients under 20 years of age, 43.9% from 21 to 25, 26 to 30 26.5%, 31 to 35 6.1%, and over 35 0.7%. There was some correlation of the incidence with the time of year: the highest number of cases (80) was registered in the summer and autumn months.
Aevit in the complex treatment of premature infants
Abstract
In recent years, there have been reports in the literature of a positive effect of vitamin E on the adaptation of premature infants. They often have insufficiency of this vitamin due to its limited intake to the fetus through the placenta.
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Abstract
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a new infectious human disease. The disease was first registered in the United States in 1981 and immediately became the focus of attention of specialists (clinicians, immunologists, virologists) and the public. Currently, AIDS is a problem of global significance that is discussed at WHO meetings, scientific conferences and in the press. For example, the Kazan Medical Journal was the first in our country to publish a literature review on AIDS that was of interest to a wide range of physicians.
Dynamics of pertussis antibodies in saliva and serum of vaccinated donors
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis of modern pertussis is difficult because of the widespread occurrence of mild and stigmatized forms of the infection. The main method of laboratory diagnosis of the disease is bacteriological analysis. However, it has many disadvantages, the main of which are low excretion of the pathogen due to late examination dates and non-standardization of various series of commercially available DHA medium produced by the Dagestan Research Institute of Nutrient Medium, as well as duration and laboriousness of the study due to the need for repeated analyses.
Epidemic mumps in the period of mass active immunization
Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate changes in the epidemiology of mumps as a result of the introduction of mass active immunization. Two of the three phases of the study were conducted. The first phase characterized the epidemiology of the disease before mass vaccination and the second phase at the beginning of mass vaccination coverage. The final phase will summarize the results after vaccination coverage of all decreed population groups. This report is devoted to the analysis of the results of mass vaccination against epidemic mumps and changes in the parameters characterizing this infection during the second of the listed stages of the study.
All-Union Conference "Actual Problems of Hemostasis in Clinical Practice"
Abstract
The conference was attended by therapists, surgeons, obstetricians, gynecologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, physiologists, and pathologists from Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Minsk, Kazan, Tbilisi, Novosibirsk, and other cities. Two plenary and five breakout sessions dealt with current issues of clinical hemostasiology. The increased interest of clinicians to the problems of hemostasis disorders is caused by the fact that at present the most important role of hemostasis disorders in the pathogenesis of most human diseases has been established.
Chronicle. Vol. 68, No. 4 (1987)
Abstract
On April 2 and 3, 1987, a working meeting of the Boards of the All-Russian Scientific Medical Societies of Physicians and Cardiologists was held at the Lunacharskii Medical Institute in Astrakhan under the chairmanship of Professor A.P. Golikov, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and Professor A.S. Smetnev, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences on the problem "Dispensary care and rehabilitation in the clinic of internal diseases". 48 members of the Societies' Boards, 350 employees of the Institute, practicing physicians - therapists and cardiologists from cities and districts of Astrakhan region, 250 subordinate therapists participated in the work of the meeting.