Vol 68, No 1 (1987)

At the 27th Congress of the CPSU it was noted that the acceleration of socio-economic development of the country could only be achieved on the basis of scientific and technological progress. The CPSU Program (new version) stated that it was a strategic course of the party aimed at a qualitative transformation of all aspects of life in Soviet society: a radical renewal of its material and technical base based on the achievements of the scientific and technological revolution; improvement of social relations and, above all, economic relations.

The leading role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis belongs to the immunocomplex lesion with pronounced humoral and cellular reactions [7]. That is why a comprehensive study of the state of the humoral link of immunity and cellular reactions of the body is of particular interest in terms of both assessment of immune status and determination of the activity of the process, variants of the course of rheumatoid arthritis and the choice of adequate therapy. One of the main manifestations of immune disorders in rheumatoid arthritis is the formation of rheumatoid factor, detected in the blood of patients. Most authors consider its titer to be an important criterion for the diagnosis of the disease and the nature of the clinical course.

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in systemic vascular diseases, including periarteritis nodosa and Wegener's granulomatosis [5]. If by 1933 M.D. Zlatnikov [4] had collected 260 papers published on this issue in the world literature, of which 33 - in the domestic literature, by 1960 R.V. Volevich [1] had already analyzed more than 1500 observations of this disease, including over 450 in the USSR. O. Engelbert et al. in 1960. [8] on 41478 autopsies met nodular periarteritis in 0.13% of cases.

The relationship between natural naphthoquinones and oxycoumarin derivatives still attracts the attention of researchers and is intensively studied, although much remains unclear so far in the intimate mechanisms of this antagonistic influence. It is known that oxycoumarins affect not only the processes of hemocoagulation, but also the composition and relationship of membrane phospholipids, changing the adhesive (cohesive) properties of cells. In this regard, the possibility of their effective use for the prevention of early metastasis of malignized (atypical) cells has been shown.

The problem of induced abortion in gynecology is very relevant. A woman decides to have an abortion most often based on personal motives. Abortion and its possible complications cause many gynecological diseases, especially inflammatory ones, worsen women's health and adversely affect specific functions. We studied the impact of induced abortion on women's reproductive function and analyzed the social aspects that prompted the termination of pregnancy.

Lymph nodes from 70 patients during operations for cancer of the stomach, lung, breast, esophagus and intestine were examined in order to study the blood microcirculatory channel of lymph nodes regional to the tumor and the possible role of the detected changes in cancer metastasis. There were 52 men and 18 women; mean age, 54.9 years.

Obstruction of the digestive tract in newborns and infants is often characterized by vomiting, stool retention (meconium), abdominal bloating, visible increased peristalsis in the first hours of the disease. However, these symptoms are nonspecific and may be observed not only in surgical but also in somatic, therapeutic diseases: sepsis, otitis media, pneumonia, intestinal infections. Associated complications, often a combination of several malformations of the digestive tract, heart and, finally, late admission of the child to the surgical hospital significantly complicate the clinical diagnosis of congenital, acquired, functional and organic disorders of gastrointestinal tract patency.

To date, the causes of recurrent acute respiratory viral infections (ARI) in young children have not been conclusively established. The aim of this work was to study the features of the clinical course of acute respiratory viral infections and the immune status of young children who often and rarely have these infections. There were 132 acute respiratory viral infections patients at the age of 1 to 3 years under observation. There were 87 (65.9%) from 1 to 2 years old, and 45 (34.1%) from 2 to 3 years old. All patients depending on the frequency of ARI, registered in them during the recent year, were divided into 2 age groups: the 1st group (37 patients) included children ill with ARI from 7 to 10 times a year, and the 2nd group (95 patients) - up to 6 times a year.

The occurrence of epifascial gangrene in the scrotal region is caused by anatomical and physiological features of this region. The absence of anastomoses of scrotal skin arteries with the underlying anatomical formations, which worsens the local blood supply conditions, draws attention. Triggering mechanisms causing epifascial gangrene (surgical and domestic trauma, skin diseases, etc.) cause vasomotor reaction of blood circulation at the level of arterioles, lymph circulation with evident ischemia and secondary venous thrombosis. This creates conditions for intensive development, accumulation and manifestation of pathogenic properties of microbial flora naturally vegetating on the surface or penetrating into the subcutaneous tissue from the thoracic and abdominal cavity during surgery.

Vascular disorders in children, referred to by most researchers as vascular dystonias, are a common phenomenon. Their frequency in the population of schoolchildren ranges from 7.1 to 43.7%. Usually they appear at critical stages of ontogenesis, especially during puberty. In the absence of timely therapeutic and preventive measures in a significant number of children vascular dystonias acquire a persistent character or develop into hyper- or hypotensive disease in adults. Therefore, one of the most urgent problems of pediatrics nowadays is prevention, early detection and treatment of vegetovascular disorders, because the efficiency of therapy is the higher, the earlier it is started.

Doppler echocardiography (ultrasound pulse-Doppler location) is used in medical practice in our country and abroad mainly for diagnostics of various heart defects. Using this method it is possible to non-invasively study blood flow in the heart chambers, the mouth of the main vessels, to detect changes in hemodynamics and accurately diagnose heart defects, including combined ones. The use of Doppler echocardiography in clinical practice has shown that its informative value increases with quantitative assessment of Doppler frequencies, comparing changes in their spectrum over time.

The aim of the investigation was to study the local vascular reactions (temperature, vascular reaction, pain sensitivity of the skin in the joint area) in the dynamics of the course and treatment of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The obtained results were compared with the data of clinical and laboratory radiological studies, the state of the microcirculatory channel of the eyeball conjunctiva and humoral immunity. The investigations were performed at the same hours (from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.). Ambient air temperature was from 20 to 26°.

Biomicroscopy of the bulbar conjunctiva in patients with hemorrhagic vasculitis was performed. There were 86 patients under observation (44 men, 42 women). There were 53 patients aged 18-44 years, 45-59 - 30 and over 60 - 3.

Bruxism, manifested by nocturnal teeth grinding, teeth clenching, and other non-physiological mandibular movements, is a pathology in which habitual chewing movements are transformed from physiological to uncontrollable traumatic stresses that damage the jaw system. For a long time, bruxism was viewed as a bad habit or parafunction. This perception led to insufficient attention to this pathology and contributed to complications from the organs and tissues of the maxillary system: pathological tooth erasure, periodontal disease, and temporomandibular joints. In most cases, bruxism has a latent course and is not diagnosed.

The authors observed 189 patients (152 men and 37 women) aged 3 to 74 years. Sixty-two patients had false joints, 20 patients had bone defects, 76 patients had non-united fractures, and 31 patients had improperly healed fractures. In 62 patients, the above pathology developed after gunshot and open fractures, and in 127 - after closed fractures.

Melanoma accounts for 1 to 3% of all malignant neoplasms. This relatively rare tumor is one of the most unfavorable human tumor diseases because of its extremely high metastasis potential. Metastases are mainly hematogenous and often involve organs of the abdominal cavity. As a rule, metastases remain unrecognized during the life of the patient, and sometimes are interpreted incorrectly.

Technical progress in the machine-building industry is connected with the introduction of more perfect technology and metalworking equipment. Data from the literature of recent years indicate that the new technology creates significant prerequisites for improving working conditions and healthier air environment in machine shops. The aim of the present study was a hygienic assessment of working conditions and health condition of workers of mechanical workshops, serving modern metal-cutting equipment, combined in automatic lines.

Based on the literature and our own clinical experience, we have grouped together a number of criteria covering medical history, constitutional features, neuro-endocrine status, previous somatic and gynecological diseases, surgical aids, the presence of benign tumors, etc., the combination of which allows us to assign a woman to a particular risk group for gynecological and oncogynecological diseases.

Angina is one of the most common diseases. At the same time, the knowledge of a wide range of doctors in diagnostics, clinic and treatment of patients, as practice shows, is often insufficient. Among other things, this is due to the traditionally one-sided notion of angina as a localized process - acute tonsillitis, which is the responsibility of laryngologists. In medical schools, the teaching of angina is a part of the ENT-diseases course. Earlier monographs covered the problem of angina from this point of view.