Vol 65, No 3 (1984)
Immunological aspects of infectious diseases
Abstract
The modern understanding of infectology is not limited to acute mass infections only. Currently, the importance of opportunistic bacteria is increasingly increasing; especially in the occurrence of nosocomial outbreaks of infections. They are often the cause of deaths in patients in surgical, hematology, intensive care and other departments, as well as in hemodialysis centers. It is enough to name such a currently common infection as staphylococcal sepsis, truly "staphylococcal plague", as it is now called, in order to unite the efforts of many clinicians to study this disease. According to the USA, nosocomial sepsis was observed in one year in 40,000 patients. Without developing this idea further, I would like to dwell on the importance of immunity in infectious pathology.
Social hygiene and healthcare management
Organization and methods of medical examination in dentistry
Abstract
Traditional for the Soviet healthcare medical examination as a complex of timely diagnostic and therapeutic and preventive measures aimed at preventing diseases, their complications and undesirable consequences, occupies a worthy place in the fight for the health of the population of our country. Dentists, as well as other specialists, have accumulated solid experience in the medical examination of various contingents of the population. In the early years of the formation of the USSR, medical examination was carried out in the system of a single dispensary and covered only a relatively small circle of patients [1]. With the development and strengthening of the dental service in the post-war period, it became possible for dentists to conduct extensive medical examinations of certain groups of the population. Already in 1962, at the IV All-Union Congress of Dentists, the concept of "dental medical examination" was adopted and legalized as a set of planned measures to improve the oral cavity of various contingents of the population.
Dental medical examination of chemical production workers
Abstract
As a result of a two-year study of the features of dental and periodontal lesions in mineral acid production workers and the provision of dental care to this contingent, a three-stage dental medical examination of chemical production workers has been developed.
Organization of dental care for rural workers
Abstract
The dental service of the Zelenodolsk district of the TASSR is represented by a dental polyclinic of the first category in Zelenodolsk, dental departments in two medical units, a department in the Vasilievsky district hospital, six dental and two dental prosthetic offices in rural areas. In total, 15 general dentists or 2.5 units of a doctor per 10 thousand population work in the village. Meanwhile, Zelenodolsk district is endemic for dental caries due to the low content of fluoride in drinking water (0.2-0.3 mg/l). In this regard, there is a need to develop new organizational forms of dental care in rural areas.
Prevalence of regional periodontal diseases among schoolchildren
Abstract
Among many dental diseases, a significant place is occupied by diseases of the marginal periodontal, such as gingivitis, periodontal disease. Even in the recent past, it was believed that periodontal disease affects only middle-aged and older people. However, according to literature data, in many countries of the world the prevalence of edge periodontal diseases among children reaches 50%. A number of researchers indicate that in the cities of the Soviet Union, the frequency of periodontal diseases is also high. So, in Kiev, G. I. Vishnyak (1974) notes in children in 44.5% of cases gingivitis and in 12.1% —periodontal disease. In Tbilisi (L. A. Gagua, 1980) the prevalence of periodontal diseases is 52.7± 0.88%. In Minsk (V. S. Khariton, V. F. Gaspadarik, M. I. Tarasik, 1983) gingivitis was diagnosed in 33.5% of children, periodontal disease - in 6.7%.
Prevention of dental caries in schoolchildren
Abstract
Recently, thanks to extensive research, some methods of prevention of dental caries have been developed. In some cases, they are designed solely for the local effect of remineralizing drugs and hygiene products 11, 51, in others, preventive measures are carried out comprehensively, taking into account the effect of drugs on the body and teeth [4, 6, 7, 9].
Inpatient dental care in the Tatar ASSR
Abstract
Odontogenic inflammatory processes are observed in 40.7 - 60.3% of all inpatient dental patients [1]. Over the past decade, the number of people with trauma admitted annually to a dental hospital has increased 2.7 times and amounts to an average of 23.8% of the total number of inpatient patients [31. Despite the increase in the frequency of inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial region and jaw injuries requiring inpatient treatment, the level of provision of the population with dental hospitals remains low and is equal to an average of 0.35 beds per 10,000 population in the country [2].
On determining the economic and social effectiveness of sanatorium treatment of patients
Abstract
In the published works devoted to sanatorium treatment, its economic efficiency is defined as the difference in the prevented damage from diseases for a certain period of time before and after treatment in a sanatorium [1] or in a sanatorium-dispensary [3, 4].
Theoretical and clinical medicine
Long-term results of progenia treatment
Abstract
Progenia (mesial bite) refers to severe forms of dental anomalies. With this form of sagittal malocclusion, along with a change in the ratio of the jaws and dentition, functional and aesthetic disorders occur. However, there are few works devoted to the study of long-term results of treatment of progenia [1, 2, 4, 5]. This is probably due to the fact that studies require the repeated call of previously cured patients who are already reluctant to come for examination. Long-term experience has shown that long-term results of orthodontic treatment can be studied on average only in 30% of cured patients.
Features of the treatment of deformities of the dentition and bite before prosthetics
Abstract
Orthopedic offices of dental clinics are often visited by patients who, along with defects in the dentition, have deformations of the dentition and malocclusion. We differentiate dental anomalies and deformities, meaning by the first congenital and acquired at an early age deviations from the normal development of the dental system, and by the second acquired after the formation of a permanent bite; in everyday practice, such deformities are eliminated by prosthetics, while the design of the prosthesis is adapted to the existing bite [1, 5].
Immunotherapy with bacterial allergens in patients with periodontal disease
Abstract
In the immunological system of patients with periodontal disease, changes were found concerning both humoral and cellular components [1,2]. In this regard, a study was undertaken on the effectiveness of periodontal disease treatment with bacterial allergens in order to correct the immunological status of the patient.
Inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial region in patients with diabetes mellitus
Abstract
We examined 110 patients (48 men, 62 women) with diabetes mellitus aged 20 to 60 years and older. Mild diabetes was diagnosed in 5 (4.5%), medium—in 30 (27.3%), moderate— in 43 (39.1%), severe — in 32 (29.1%) patients. Moderate to severe diabetes was observed mainly in people over 50 years of age. Concomitant diseases were detected mainly in patients of the older group. More often than others, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, osteochondrosis, arthritis, and scurvy were detected in one patient.
The use of general anesthesia in a dental clinic
Abstract
Currently, in the conditions of a polyclinic for dental interventions, the main type of anesthesia is local anesthesia. However, only one method of anesthesia is not able to provide oral sanitation with such a wide range of work and individual differences in outpatient patients [2]. Recently, patients with hypersensitivity to local anesthetics have become more common. In addition, there are persons with a particularly labile or defective psyche who experience an insurmountable fear of any dental intervention. When examining the oral cavity in such patients, a large number of gangrenous teeth (up to 10 or more) are detected that need to be removed or treated. Sanitation of the oral cavity in such cases becomes possible only under general anesthesia.
Diagnosis of brain tumors by multi-axis echoencephalography
Abstract
Despite the successful application of radiopaque research methods in neurosurgery and the introduction of modern equipment that allows obtaining two-dimensional images of the brain (X-ray computed tomography, thermal imager, tsoigmatograph), the diagnosis of brain tumors still presents significant difficulties. Due to the traumatic nature of some methods and the high cost of others, the problem of improving the available non-surgical methods for clarifying the diagnosis, in particular one-dimensional echoencephalography, is currently urgent. This method is widely used in the diagnosis of tumors of the large hemispheres. At the same time, its capabilities in the diagnosis of tumors of the median and basal localization, as well as the posterior cranial fossa, are still insufficiently studied [1, 3, 4].
On the differential diagnosis of cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency according to instrumental research
Abstract
Differential diagnosis of cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency in a routine clinical trial is often difficult or impossible, especially in acute conditions or with a combination of heart and lung diseases. These difficulties are due to the fact that many clinical signs of cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency are identical, for example, shortness of breath, cyanosis, tachycardia, hard breathing, wheezing in the lungs, accent 11 of the top and its cleavage over the pulmonary artery. Even instrumental invasive studies (measurement of pulmonary artery pressure and venous pressure) do not allow differentiating these conditions. In this regard, in the presence of pronounced signs of right ventricular failure, the question arises whether they are symptoms of a pulmonary heart or a primary disease of the left heart.
Therapeutic effect of wheat bran
Abstract
In the structure of internal pathology, a significant proportion is occupied by diseases of the large intestine of various etiologies. The complexity of the differential diagnosis of individual intestinal diseases is due to the uniformity of their clinical picture. Currently, there is an extreme fascination with the diagnosis of "chronic colitis" to the detriment of, obviously, more common intestinal diseases of a functional nature or associated with dysbiosis, gynofermentation of the small intestine, violation of its absorption function with secondary changes in the function of the large intestine. Diverticulosis occupies a certain place among them, which, according to currently available data, is not always associated with the development of the inflammatory process. More often it is caused by pathological activity of the circular and longitudinal muscles of the intestinal wall [4, 5], prolonged constipation (irritable bowel syndrome).
Determination of partial oxygen pressure in tissues in the diagnosis of occlusive lesions of the arteries of the extremities
Abstract
The clinical value of determining oxygen tension in tissues at rest in patients with obliterating diseases of the lower extremities has not yet been established. In some studies, pO2 indicators are not taken into account to detect regional hypoxia due to their significant fluctuations and lack of statistical reliability [6, 14]. In others, on the contrary, there is evidence of a direct correlation between the depth of the lesion of the arteries and the indicators of pO2 at rest. Based on these data, the stages of regional hypoxia in the dynamics of clinical manifestations of the disease were distinguished [2, 9].
Reviews
The involvement of fibronectin in molecular and cellular interactions
Abstract
Among the proteins of the animal organism, fibronectin (FN) occupies a special place due to the exceptional diversity and importance of biological properties. In 1948, Morrison et al. [69] for the first time it was discovered as part of the I fraction of blood plasma by Cohn, but interest in FN increased rapidly only in the 70s after its identification with one of the proteins of the outer cell membrane. At various times, FN has been described under numerous names that determined any property of this protein or its localization, for example, large external transformation-sensitive (LETS) protein, cold-insoluble globulin, cell adhesion factor, opsonic a2-SB-glycoprotein, anti-gelatin factor, etc. Currently, these names are almost not used, and the term "fibronectin" (fibra — fiber, nectere — bind) is adopted to refer to all forms of this protein — cellular and extracellular, soluble and membrane-associated cells that form a population of immunologically related molecules with some differences in physicochemical and biological properties.
The role of fibronectin in hemostasis
Abstract
Over the past 10-15 years, researchers in the field of experimental and clinical medicine have shown increased interest in fibronectin —FN), a blood plasma protein with a diverse biological effect. FN is a glycoprotein found both in the blood and in other body fluids, and in an insoluble form - in connective tissue, in particular as part of the basement membrane [28, 30, 48, 69]. The main source of plasma FNL are endothelial cells and hepatocytes. FN ensures the convergence and adhesion of cells, contributing to the elimination of vascular endothelial defect in normal condition and after injury. Its molecular weight is about 4.4-105 daltons, the sedimentation constant is 12-14S, the isoelectric point is 5.5-6.2; it belongs to the class of mobile β-globulins [44c]. The function of this protein in the human body is diverse. This can be judged, in particular, by the number of available synonyms, each of which reflects a certain biological property of the protein: cold-insoluble globulin, anti-gelatin factor, microfibrillary protein, protein with opsonin properties, fibroblast surface antigen, galactoprotein a, cell attachment factor, large external transformation-sensitive protein, cell surface protein, cell proliferation factor [28, 64]. The preferred term is "fibronectin", which means "fiber binding" (from Lat. fibra- fiber-nectere - binding) [23, 30, 41]. Plasma FN together with fibrinogen, factor XIII, and Willebrand factor is precipitated from plasma at 0° 25% with ammonium sulfate [44a] or 8% ethanol [43]. Its concentration in the cryoprecipitate increases 5-10 times [43], in the plasma of healthy men is 180-720 mg / l, in women - 150-540 mg / l, in serum - 20-50% less than in plasma.
Clinical experiences
Experience in organizing dental care in a sanatorium
Abstract
Sanitation of the oral cavity in the sanatorium is included in the list of mandatory therapeutic and preventive measures. It consists of primary examination, treatment and removal of teeth, treatment of diseases of the oral mucosa, dental prosthetics and is carried out in close contact with doctors of other specialties.
Ultrasonic fluoride impregnation into tooth enamel
Abstract
Fluoride preparations are widely used to increase the resistance of teeth to caries. Fluoride is injected directly into the enamel of teeth by various methods. The most widely used application of solutions of sodium fluoride and fluorolac, as well as rubbing of fluoride-containing paste. Less often, fluorine is introduced using a galvanic current.
Experience of fluoroprophylaxis of dental caries in weakened children
Abstract
Anti-carious measures in weakened children do not always achieve the goal. Since there are various methods of fluoroprophylaxis of dental caries, it is of interest to find out the most effective method of fluoridation with weakened body resistance.
The infestation of children with dental caries in the foci of endemic goiter
Abstract
In order to clarify the effect of endemic goiter on the prevalence of dental caries, 1101 schoolchildren aged 14-17 years with a permanent bite formed in the goiter-endemic areas of the Tatar ASSR were examined. The dentist determined the CPI index, the endocrinologist determined the degree of enlargement of the thyroid gland, the presence of nodes in it. The material obtained after the examination is presented in the table.
Causative agents of acute odontogenic infection in children
Abstract
From 1978 to 1983, 543 children with acute odontogenic infection aged from 3 to 14 years were under our supervision. Of these, 421 patients were aged from 3 to 7, 122 - from 8 to 14 years. 33 patients had exacerbation of chronic periodontitis, 421 had acute purulent periostitis of the jaws, 89 had acute odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaws. The control group included 27 healthy children aged 3 to 14 years.
Experience of using Estonia paste in the treatment of deep caries
Abstract
In the treatment of acute deep caries of 172 permanent teeth in 163 patients aged 12 to 35 years, etonia paste was used, which has an antimicrobial, stimulating and local anesthetic effect. Molars and premolars with localization of a carious defect on the chewing surface were treated. The diagnosis was made on the basis of anamnesis, objective examination data and indicators of electrical excitability of the tooth pulp. During operative treatment, in some cases, areas of softened dentin were left at the bottom of the carious cavity. After determining the electrical excitability of the pulp, etonium paste was applied to the bottom of the carious cavity and closed with a permanent seal. The treatment was completed in one visit.
Experience in the treatment of pulpitis by vital extirpation
Abstract
It is known that devital methods of pulpitis treatment are often accompanied by complications and require repeated visits. In contrast, vital methods are usually feasible in one visit and allow avoiding the toxic effect of devitalizing drugs on the pericardial tissues.
Prevention of exacerbations of chronic apical periodontitis
Abstract
Our observations concern the treatment of chronic apical periodontitis in 220 patients aged 18 to 77 years, in whom 264 teeth were treated — 70 multi-root and 194 single-root. Chronic granulating periodontitis was detected in 170 patients, granulomatous - in 31, fibrous - in 51, radicular cysts - in 12.
Circulating immune complexes in periodontal diseases
Abstract
Taking into account the potential danger of chronic foci of inflammation in the oral cavity, as well as modern ideas that allow us to consider some foci-conditioned diseases as diseases of immune complexes, we determined the number of circulating immune complexes (CEC) in periodontal diseases complicated and uncomplicated by pathological dentoalveolar pockets (PZD). The study was performed in 192 patients aged 19 to 62 years suffering from periodontal diseases.
Calcium chloride ultraphonophoresis in rehabilitation of patients with periodontal disease
Abstract
For rapid relief of inflammation in periodontal tissues, normalization of metabolic processes, acceleration of regeneration and rehabilitation of patients with periodontal diseases, ultraphonophoresis and vacuum ultraphonophoresis of 10% calcium chloride solution were used.
About the reasons for the removal of bridges
Abstract
We analyzed the reasons for the removal of 175 bridges in 143 patients (49 men and 94 women). By age, they were distributed as follows: from 20 to 30 years - 22, from 31 to 40 — 25, from 41 to 50 — 29, from 51 to 60 — 42 and over 60 years — 25 people.
Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint with the symptom of clicking
Abstract
For two years, we examined and treated 22 patients (20 women, 2 men) aged 18 to 62 years with chronic osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint with a clicking symptom. The patients were divided into two groups. In the 1st we included 9 people with a click in. in the joint, in the 2nd—13 people whose clicking was accompanied by pain in the joint area.
Surgical treatment of progenia
Abstract
In the clinic of surgical dentistry from 1968 to 1982, 60 patients (31 women, 29 men) with progenia aged 11 to 31 years were treated. True progenia was detected in 57 patients, false — in 3, complicated by open bite — in 12, cross — in 4, deep - in 1, macroglossia - in 4. Unilateral lower progenia was detected in 4 patients.
Prolonged course of osteomyelitis of the frontal bone with a combined rhinogenic orbital and intracranial complication
Abstract
Osteomyelitis of the skull bones is a very rare disease. Usually, the bones of the cranial vault are affected a second time by spreading infection through the veins and lymphatic vessels from neighboring foci - mainly from the paranasal sinuses, much less often from the middle ear. The frontal, temporal and parietal bones are most often affected. In most cases, osteomyelitis of the skull causes intracranial complications.
The effect of specific inhibition of Hageman factor on contact-activated fibrinolysis
Abstract
Highly purified factor XII zymogen (Hageman factor) of human blood plasma, when bound to a foreign surface, is capable of self-activation by intramolecular proteolysis. The resulting active Hageman factor stimulates blood clotting along the internal and external pathways, kininogenesis and fibrinolysis. The aim of our work was to study contact-induced fibrinolysis with selective inhibition of factor XIIa in blood plasma.
The effect of chronic bile loss on the thyroid gland
Abstract
The morphofunctional state of the parenchyma and the microcirculatory bed of the thyroid gland in chronic bile loss were studied. The studies were carried out on 25 cats of both sexes, in which external drainage of the common bile duct was performed from 5 to 40 days. After 7-10 days, pronounced hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the follicular epithelium were detected in the thyroid gland. Hyperplasia was extrafollicular in nature with the formation of numerous microfollicles. There was a statistically significant increase in the height of the follicular epithelium cells and a decrease in the average diameter of the follicles. On the 10th day of the experiment, the level of protein-bound iodine in serum was 0.29±0.03 °/o 131I per 1 liter of serum (Functional research methods in endocrinology. Kiev, Zdorov'ya, 1981), in the control - 0.34 ± 0.04%. Accumulation of 131I reached its maximum level after 6-10 hours.
Echocardiography in the differential diagnosis of mitral stenosis and atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis complicated by atrial fibrillation
Abstract
We used echocardiography for the differential diagnosis of atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis and mitral heart disease complicated by atrial fibrillation. The direction of movement of the mitral valve flaps, the rate of early diastolic closure of the anterior mitral valve flap (Mm), the anteroposterior size of the left atrium (Dlp) were studied.
Assistance to the practicing physician
Therapy of inflammatory diseases and traumatic damage to the tongue
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase in the frequency of inflammatory diseases and traumatic injuries of the maxillofacial region, which not only disrupt the function of the organ, but sometimes threaten the patient's life and, therefore, require urgent medical measures. Late terms of care and erroneous tactics in the treatment of such patients can lead to persistent violations of the act of chewing, swallowing and speech. Unfortunately, the issues of treatment of inflammatory diseases and traumatic injuries of the tongue have not found proper coverage in the literature. In this regard, we decided to share the experience of their therapy.
New methods of diagnosis and treatment
The use of a new design orthodontic device for the treatment of deep bite
Abstract
One of the most common anomalies of the dental system is a deep bite, which is observed during the entire period of formation of the dental system. Its main clinical sign is a violation of the cutting-tubercle contact with the overlap of the lower frontal teeth. Deep bite "in its pure form" is rare. Quite often it is combined with anomalies in the sagittal plane, as well as with anomalies in the position of individual teeth. Such a bite leads to a violation of the functions of the chewing apparatus and the body as a whole. However, the reasons prompting the patient to consult a doctor are most often a cosmetic defect, pain, a feeling of fatigue in the temporomandibular joints.
The use of removable dentures with beam fixation with significant loss of teeth of the lower jaw
Abstract
If there are only two canines on the lower jaw, especially with their mobility, many doctors recommend removing these teeth. As a result, it becomes necessary to manufacture a complete removable prosthesis. If the remaining teeth of the I-II degree of mobility are preserved, then after replacing the defect with a partial removable plate prosthesis, the clamps used will further increase their mobility. To prevent such complications, we successfully use removable prostheses with beam fixation using the Tiller and Dolder method in our modification.
About some causes of deformation of removable dentures
Abstract
In the process of manufacturing dentures made of acrylic plastics on plaster models and molds, their deformation during polymerization is often observed. It can be assumed that the plaster mold and counterform cannot withstand the pressure that occurs during the molding of plastic. This is what leads to a violation of the fit of the prostheses, an increase in bite and other complications. Semi-aqueous gypsum (CaSO4*0.5* H2O) is used in dental prosthetic equipment and in the dental prosthetics clinic During transportation, storage and packaging of semi-aqueous gypsum at high relative humidity, the content of adsorbed and chemically bound water increases sharply. In this regard, a significant part of gypsum is hydrated, and in the future its chemical activity decreases sharply. Practice has established that damp gypsum becomes unsuitable both for taking casts and for casting models and molds. Such gypsum does not completely harden for a long time. Models cast from damp plaster are fragile, "smeared". During their long-term storage, shrinkage deformations occur, noticeably changing the original dimensions of dentures