Vol 64, No 3 (1983)
100 years of enzymatic theory of blood clotting
Abstract
Dear colleagues! First of all, let me express my deep gratitude for the honorable offer of the Academic Council to read the speech at the solemn meeting of the Institute. This offer is a great honor to me and our entire team of biochemists. For the entire more than 100-year history of the Department of Biological Chemistry, founded by Alexander Yakovlevich Danilevsky in 1863, representatives of our discipline for the first time make an assembly speech.
Theoretical and clinical medicine
The role of women's counseling in the rehabilitation of generative function in miscarriage
Abstract
The problem of miscarriage is one of the most urgent in modern obstetrics. The versatility of the etiology and the ambiguity of the pathogenesis in each individual observation make it difficult to solve it. Sometimes practical doctors "give up" when solving problems to preserve pregnancy. According to modern requirements, only a comprehensive solution to the problem can bring success.
Diagnosis of subclinical vascular disorders and prevention of late toxicosis of pregnant women
Abstract
Regardless of the triggering factor (disseminated intravascular coagulation, immune conflict, vegetoneurosis), circulatory disorders that occur in the body with reduced adaptive capabilities and insufficient compensatory reserves are leading in the general chain of pathological changes in late toxicosis of pregnant women [3]. In the pathogenesis of the preclinical stage of late toxicosis, the role of violations of adaptive systems providing transport and trophic functions of the body is very significant [1].
Prevention of postpartum endometritis by electrostimulation of the uterus
Abstract
The most frequent manifestation of postpartum infection is endometritis, the frequency and severity of which are directly dependent on the duration of labor, the characteristics of the labor act and the duration of the anhydrous interval [2-4]. In the pathogenesis of postpartum endometritis, a large role belongs to the violation of the contractile activity of the uterus [1]. Therefore, for the prevention of postpartum endometritis, a number of authors recommend the use of uterine contractions in the first days of the postpartum period [5, 6].
About prognostic signs in the initial period of postpartum delusional psychoses
Abstract
Recently, interest in psychoses in the postpartum period has revived. V. K. Prorokova et al. (1960) rightly point out the syndromic diversity and nosological heterogeneity of mental diseases in the puerperium. In this regard, it is especially important to identify prognostically significant signs of the initial (prepsychotic) period of these mental diseases for the purpose of their early diagnosis and differentiated treatment. The role of various pathogenic factors preceding the development of psychosis should also be clarified.
Acupuncture in the rehabilitation of patients with menopausal syndrome
Abstract
The physiological age-related restructuring of a woman's body in the menopausal period is often complicated by a variety of pathological manifestations of varying intensity. Clinical and physiological studies indicate a complex and diverse pathogenesis of menopausal syndrome, in the occurrence of which age-related changes in various parts of the central nervous system and especially in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamic structures and reticular formation play an important role [1, 4]. At present, convincing evidence has been obtained of the direct involvement of hypothalamic structures in the regulation of cyclic changes in a woman's body, metabolic processes, trophic organs and tissues, in the integration of endocrine, vegetative and emotional functions [3, 7].
Diagnosis of fallopian tube cancer
Abstract
Diagnosis of fallopian tube cancer remains difficult, especially in its initial stage, despite the anamnesis, which contains orienting information and the presence of characteristic symptoms of the disease. In the anamnesis of such patients there are indications of chronic inflammatory processes occurring in the appendages of the uterus, infertility of tubal genesis. Almost 78% of women in such cases have abundant liquid discharge of opalescent yellow or amber color due to lymphorrhea, subsequently with an admixture of blood; colicky or cramping pains are accompanied by secretions, with perforation of the tube or its twist, a picture of an acute abdomen is possible. When the process spreads, the temperature rises and the function of adjacent organs is disrupted. Vaginal examination in 84% of patients in the appendages revealed sausage-shaped or irregular formations in places of a tight elastic, in some places of a soft or dense consistency, almost painless.
About breast sarcomas
Abstract
The question of the frequency of breast lesions with sarcomas of various genesis and sarcoma-like tumors remains debatable to date. According to literature data, this relatively rare disease ranges from 0.34% to 12% [8] of all malignant neoplasms of this organ. Such a significant difference in the incidence of breast sarcomas is explained by the fact that some authors [8, 10] attribute leaf-shaped tumors to true breast sarcomas. According to the majority of researchers differentiating breast sarcomas into sarcomas developed from the stromal elements of the gland and malignated preceding fibroadenes and phylloid fibroadenes, breast sarcoma occupies no more than 0.84%-2% [2, 6] in the structure of malignant tumors of this organism, which corresponds to the general frequency of soft tissue sarcomas [3].
Dependence of the development of spontaneous necrosis of tumors on their vascularization
Abstract
Among the factors leading to the spontaneous death of tumor cells inоiоo, a violation of tumor nutrition is extremely important, depending, in particular, on the nature of newly formed vessels, the intensity of angiogenesis, angioarchitectonics [4, 5]. To study these characteristics of the vascular bed, the authors used mainly subjective criteria, and the determining (vascular bed) and dependent (necrosis) values, as a rule, were investigated out of connection with each other, which naturally reduced the reliability of the data obtained.
Differential diagnosis of various forms of rickets
Abstract
The issues of etiology and pathogenesis of rickets are currently being largely revised. The basis for this is new data on the metabolism of vitamin D, the provision of healthy and sick children with various forms of rickets. Vitamin D is a precursor to at least three hormones that regulate the absorption of calcium and phosphates in the intestine and bone mineralization. The endogenous formation of vitamin D3 in the skin, its humoral redistribution to the liver and kidneys, in which its chemical modification takes place, the fixation of metabolites in the intestine, kidneys, bones and muscle by specific receptors, and, finally, the control of its transformation according to the feedback principle — all this is characteristic of hormonal compounds [6].
Meteotropic reactions in chronic diseases of the digestive system in children
Abstract
In recent years, a significant prevalence of meteotropic reactions has been revealed among children and adolescents suffering from various chronic diseases [2, 5, 6]. Particular importance is attached to the study of meteotropic reactions in gastroenterological pathology, since diseases of the digestive tract of a non-infectious nature are characterized by seasonality of exacerbations.
Changes in lipid metabolism and microcirculation in chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the frequency of atherosclerosis and its complications in chronic diffuse glomerulonephritis [2, 7]. This disease is often accompanied by a violation of lipid metabolism. It has been shown that all forms of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) are characterized by hypercholesterolemia, hyper-b-lipoproteidemia, as well as an increase in total lipids, hypertriglyceridemia [5, 6]. The influence of hyperlipemia on the development of atherosclerosis and its complications, mainly thrombosis, is well known, which also largely depends on microcirculatory disorders.
The use of purified bacterial allergens in the treatment of infectious and allergic rhinitis
Abstract
Currently, bacterial allergens purified from immunologically inert ballast are proposed for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious and allergic diseases. They are characterized by high standard. In this regard, the question of studying the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs and their effect on the immunological status of the patient during immunotherapy is of interest.
The use of sodium fluoride for the treatment of ear noise in patients with otosclerosis
Abstract
In order to regulate the metabolic processes of bone tissue in otosclerosis and accelerate the maturation of otosclerotic foci, many authors use sodium fluoride [1, 3]. For the same purpose, patients with active and moderately active stages of otosclerosis before surgery are treated with 0.6% aqueous sodium fluoride solution inside at the rate of 1 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 2 months; in the form of endoaural electrophoresis with 1% solution for 15 sessions per ear and mixed treatment consisting of oral administration of the drug in combination with electrophoresis. Fluoride therapy was prescribed in two courses with an interval of 1 month. The results were judged according to noise measurement data. Statistical processing of the results of the study was carried out using the Student—Fisher method.
Factors affecting the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment
Abstract
Treatment of dental anomalies often makes it difficult for patients to perform professional duties due to the need to use devices of various designs that violate speech and change the face, due to the duration of treatment, frequent visits to the orthodontic office for activation and correction -orthodontic devices. Therefore, in adult patients, the desire to be treated often does not coincide with their capabilities.
X-ray diagnostics of cervical osteochondrosis
Abstract
A lot of works have been devoted to X-ray examination of cervical osteochondrosis [1-5]. However, with the improvement of X-ray technology and research methods, some new radiological features of this pathology are also revealed. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to identify the radiological features of cervical osteochondrosis and its consequences.
Treatment of patients with pyloroduodenal ulcers complicated by stenosis
Abstract
Gastric resection for duodenal ulcers, which has been the operation of choice for the past decades, cannot be considered perfect. Postoperative mortality in this disease is 4-5% [3, 5], and in patients with pyloroduodenal stenosis — 2,5—11,5% [1, 8]. In addition, almost 30% of the operated patients have post-resection complications, primarily dumping syndrome. Disability is also high: during the first year after surgery, the number of disabled people in groups II—III reaches almost 50% [2, 5]. That is why in recent years, various organ-preserving and organ-sparing operations have been developed for duodenal ulcer. Of these, preference is given to selective proximal vagotomy. In the presence of stenosis, this operation has to be combined with various gastric drainage interventions. Our country has already accumulated a lot of experience in conducting such combined operations [3-6]. More physiological in comparison with gastric resection, they still have some disadvantages. The main one, perhaps, is the non-proportional and rapid flow of gastric contents into the duodenum, as a result of which some patients may develop dumping syndrome, and the constant yawning of the outlet part of the stomach after pyloroplasty can lead to duodenogastric reflux with the subsequent development of a rather severe and difficult-to-treat complication-reflux gastritis [11, 12]. Our observations also confirm this. Of the 94 patients who underwent drainage operations, 6 had dumping syndrome, and 23 had reflux gastritis. We have a particularly negative attitude towards cytoplasty. After it, both dumping syndrome, reflux gastritis, and restenosis can develop, which one of our patients had.
Reviews
On the ratio of biological and social in menopause
Abstract
The relationship between the social and biological in a person is one of the most important theoretical problems that specialists in various fields of science solve," including doctors [5, 13]. For humans, along with the preservation of biological homeostasis, "social homeostasis" is also essential [8]. Violation of any of them leads to disruption of adaptive mechanisms and the emergence of a painful condition, which in turn changes the social status of a person.
Lectures
Ideological struggle in modern medical diagnostics
Abstract
In the work "On the meaning of militant materialism" V. I. Lenin wrote: "We must understand that without a solid philosophical foundation, no natural sciences, no materialism can withstand the struggle against the onslaught of bourgeois ideas and the restoration of the bourgeois worldview"[1]. This thought of V. I. Lenin defines the principled position of medical scientists in the modern ideological struggle. It is the Marxist-Leninist theory of cognition, the theory of reflection and dialectical logic that serve as the methodological basis of modern medical diagnostics.
Clinical experiences
On palpation of the swept suture in pelvic presentation through the abdominal wall
Abstract
The possibility of palpation of sutures on the head with fetal hydrocephalus through the abdominal wall was noted by Genter in 1929. The need to diagnose fetal perenashivanie with pelvic presentation forced us to use this opportunity, because the condition of the sutures, fontanelles and bones of the head is more informative than all other signs. For palpation of the suture and large fontanel with pelvic presentation, certain conditions are necessary: moderate thickness and sufficient relaxation of the abdominal wall, a shallow location of the head in the hypochondrium, the severity of the suture and fontanel (absence of overgrowth).
Features of the course of pneumonia in newborns with congenital hypotrophy
Abstract
The aim of the work was to study the features of the course of pneumonia in children born in a state of hypotrophy. 42 children were examined: there were 10 children with hypotrophy of the 1st st., 22 from the 2nd and 10 from the 3rd st. The comparison was carried out with 15 newborns with pneumonia who had normal indicators of physical development. The level of total protein in the blood serum was determined in 42 newborns, the spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzymes- 30, 10 of them have healthy children.
Leukocyte intoxication index of oncological practice
Abstract
In practical oncology, the term "intoxication" is often used to characterize the severity of the condition. Its manifestations are nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, decreased appetite, sleep disorder, weakness, etc. Its severity is also judged by violations of biochemical and hematological parameters. The determination of the severity of intoxication largely depends on the doctor's subjective assessment of the patient's condition. Since there are no simple, easily reproducible tests in the clinic, we recommend the use of a leukocyte index for a more accurate characterization of intoxication. The leukocyte intoxication index (LII) was introduced into use by Ya. Ya. Kalf-Kalif in 1941.
The content of selenium in the blood and tumor tissues of patients with cancer
Abstract
The content of selenium in blood and tumor tissues was determined in 37 patients with malignant (20) and benign (17) breast neoplasms. The age of patients is from 40 to 60 years. In addition, the blood was examined for selenium content in 17 cancer patients with malignant tumors of other organs. In 10 practically healthy people (donors), the average level of selenium in the blood was 1.494=0.039 mmol/l.
The condition of the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed under removable dentures
Abstract
The objective of the work was a comparative study of inflammatory changes in the mucous membrane of the prosthetic bed under immediate, early and distant partial removable dentures, delivered after tooth extraction at different times. Partial removable prostheses were made for 143 patients (89 women and 54 men) aged 46 to 70 years. All patients had partial defects of the Kennedy grade I dentition. Immediate prostheses were performed in 38 patients, early ones — 35, distant ones - 70. 83 patients lost their teeth as a result of caries, 60 - due to periodontal disease. The clinical condition of the prosthetic bed mucosa was studied after 6 months in 132 patients and after 12 months in 127.
On the clinical and immunological characteristics of bronchial asthma
Abstract
A clinical and immunological examination of persons suffering from " bronchial asthma: groups of miners, and 15 workers of other specialties. As a result of clinical, radiological, and allergological studies, 2/3 of the patients were diagnosed with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma, and ⅓- atopic bronchial asthma.
Blood circulation of the thyroid gland when using mercazolil
Abstract
Mercazolil as a thyroostatic drug is used in medical practice - Changes in the thyroid parenchyma that occur during its use have been studied. However, the state of the organ bloodstream has not been sufficiently investigated, which served as the basis for this work. Mercazolil was administered to 20 cats with food at a daily dose of 3 mg/kg of body weight. The functional state of the thyroid gland was monitored using radiometric methods. Already on the 3rd day, animals have a pronounced hypothyroid state. The changes in thyroid parenchyma detected in this case consisted in intensive proliferation of extrafollicular epithelium with the formation of microfollicles and an increase in the size of follicular epithelial cells.
About some features of the course of hemochromatosis
Abstract
Hemochromatosis is a hereditary disease characterized by a violation of the metabolism of iron-containing pigments. The body of an adult should contain about 4-5 g of iron. With hemochromatosis, the intensity of iron absorption increases significantly, as a result, its amount in the body increases, sometimes reaching 25-50 g. Excess iron is used to form hemosiderin, which is deposited in the skin and parenchymal organs
Treatment of pleural empyema complicated by chest wall phlegmon
Abstract
We observed 16 patients (15 men, 1 woman) with purulent pleurisy complicated by chest phlegmon. The age of the patients ranged from 8 to 62 years. In 4 of them, the process was localized on the left, in 12 - on the right. Phlegmon within the boundaries of the chest was found in 4 patients, with a spread to the abdominal wall, retroperitoneal space — in 10, with a spread to the abdominal wall, retroperitoneal space — in 10, with a seizure of the buttocks, hips, scrotum - in .2. Extensive purulent phlegmon was noted in 7 patients, putrefactive with a necrotic component — in 9. Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli were sown from the pus.
History of medicine
About continuity in the development of domestic medicine
Abstract
In the middle of the XIX century, the growth of capitalist relations in Russia sharply intensified, which brought to life new currents of social thought. The philosophical concepts of the revolutionary democrats became the basis of Russian medicine. The achievements of natural science in the fields of chemistry, physics, and biology had an exceptional impact on the development of medicine. But apart from these fundamental factors, the achievements of Russian medical thought in the first half of the last century were of undoubted importance for the progress of medical science in the 60s.
External electrical stimulation of the uterus in the postpartum period
Abstract
In obstetric practice, electrical stimulation of the uterus is used in a complex of therapeutic measures. In the literature there are indications for its use with the imposition of both electrodes on the cervix [1], on the cervix and the anterior abdominal wall or sacrum [2, 3], through the rectum and only on the anterior abdominal wall.
F. X. Кутушев, And. C. Либов, Mo. C. Мичурин, And. C. Andreev, It Is. F. Зуев. Справочник хирурга поликлиники. Ii., Medicine, 1982, 296 p., circulation 100000 экз.
Abstract
The reviewed book is the first Russian reference book of an outpatient surgeon. A highly qualified team of authors presented extensive, almost exhaustive information on a number of fundamental issues of general and private surgery, necessary in the arduous daily practical work of a polyclinic surgeon. The reference book consists of two parts-general (15 chapters) and special (7 chapters), an appendix, and a subject index.
Jubilees
New methods of diagnosis and treatment
To the methodology of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on photometry of microvessels of the conjunctiva of the eyeball
Abstract
The biomicroscopic method of vascular examination is widely used in the study of various pathological conditions. The object of the study is usually the microvessels of the nail bed and the conjunctiva of the eyeball. Due to special advantages (preservation of physiological conditions, accessibility of the object of study, differentiation of all departments of the microvascular bed), the method of biomicroscopy of conjunctival vessels is increasingly being used. For this purpose, slit lamps, modified capillaroscopes, optical blocks of microscopes are usually used.
Book review
S. N. Sorinson, K. M. Mirzaev. Complex drug therapy for infectious diseases. Tashkent, "Medicine of the Uzbek SSR". 1982, 275 p.
Abstract
The number of new medications used for the treatment of infectious diseases is increasing from year to year. When making up a program of medical appointments for a patient, an infectious disease specialist should be well-versed in the features of the pharmacotherapeutic effect of new drugs, their combinations and provide for the possibility of adverse reactions during treatment. In this regard, the monograph of S. N. Sorinson and K. M. Mirzaev devoted to complex drug therapy in infectious diseases is of great interest.
Conferences
III All-Union Conference on Biomechanics (Jurmala, April 20-23, 1983)
Abstract
The III All-Union Conference on Biomechanics was attended by leading scientists from the USSR, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, GDR, USA, Great Britain, Sweden, Holland, Italy, Japan. The results of research on the biomechanics of hard and soft tissues, on the cybernetic control of biological systems, especially in the processes of respiration and blood circulation, were presented.