Vol 67, No 1 (1986)
Some allergy issues in dermatology
Abstract
The Department of Dermatovenerology of the Kazan Medical Institute began to study some aspects of allergies in skin diseases more than 40 years ago. Shortly after the end of the Great Patriotic War, under the guidance of Prof. H. N. Yasnitsky, studies were carried out on the etiology and pathogenesis of pyallergic skin diseases, i.e. secondary allergic rashes in pustular skin diseases, chronic pyoderma, seborrheic and microbial eczema. New findings have been obtained as a result.
Pathomorphosis of surgical lung diseases in children
Abstract
Pathomorphosis should be understood as a general change in morbidity, a series of shifts in the general characteristics of a disease occurring over time under the influence of environmental factors, mass prevention and treatment measures, changes in social and living conditions, etc. This report presents the results of a 25-year retrospective review of experience in paediatric pulmonary surgery.
Hemodynamics in disseminated lung disease
Abstract
The aim of this study was to study the frequency and severity of hemodynamic changes in different nosological forms of disseminated lung processes, as well as to assess their role in the pathogenesis and outcome of the disease. 363 patients with disseminated processes in the lungs and 20 healthy adults were examined. Most of them (86%) were aged between 20 and 60 years, with a predominance of women (63%). Electrocardiography, kinetocardiography and integral body rheography were performed to study haemodynamics, and bicycle ergometry was used to investigate the effects of exercise.
Effect of artificial ventilation on central hemodynamics in young children during anesthesia
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of artificial lung ventilation on cardiac stroke volume, minute volume, and central venous pressure in newborns and children under 1 year old operated on for various surgical pathologies. Thirty-three children aged from 1 day to 1 year were examined. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to their age.
Thermal imaging in the diagnosis of predasthma
Abstract
Local temperature increases in the nasal mucosa and sinuses, which are often affected in patients with predasthma, can be recorded by recording the infrared radiation of the patient's body with a thermal imaging camera. We have used thermography to diagnose predasthma in 34 patients (23 females, 11 males) aged from 19 to 52 years, who were treated at the allergology department of the Voroshilovgrad Regional Clinical Hospital named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky. The duration of the disease ranged from 1 to 8 years. At the time of examination the patients were in stable remission. The purpose of their hospitalization was to clarify the diagnosis and to carry out specific hypersensitization.
Blood kallikrein-kinin system in bronchial asthma patients
Abstract
There were 73 patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma (stages I and 1-2-3 and II according to the classification of Ado and Bulatov). Among the patients there were 30 male and 43 female patients aged from 18 to 70 years. All patients were admitted to the hospital with exacerbation of the disease. Lung emphysema was diagnosed in 28 patients, respiratory failure degree I - in 12, II - in 28, III - in 26 patients (according to A.G. Dembo classification).
Corrigibility of respiratory mechanics in patients with pre-asthma and bronchial asthma
Abstract
Respiratory mechanics on a pneumotachograph was studied in 30 patients with preasthma, proceeding against a background of chronic bronchitis, and in 35 patients with bronchial asthma of medium severity (according to classification of A.D. Ado and P.K. Bulatov, 1969). Complex therapy included anti-inflammatory, desensitizing drugs and agents improving bronchial drainage function - bronchodilators.
Serum a1-antitrypsin deficiency in patients with chronic bronchitis
Abstract
The motivation for this study was the prevalence of A1-AT deficiency among patients with chronic non-specific lung diseases (from 15-26.9% in heterozygous to 5.6% in homozygous deficiency [3, 4]), as well as the low level of study of this inhibitor in patients with chronic bronchitis, in particular when the disease is complicated by respiratory failure.
Diagnostic value of bacilliform discharge in focal tuberculosis
Abstract
The intensity of bacilliform excretion and the characteristics of the pathogen in patients with various forms of tuberculosis are not only of diagnostic value but also contribute to the selection of a rational combination of antituberculosis drugs and to the determination of the required duration of therapy. In addition, the occasional bacilliform discharge in nonspecific lung diseases complicates the differential diagnosis.
X-ray tomography algorithm for destructive pulmonary tuberculosis
Abstract
A total of 189 patients, including 180 (95.2%) with tuberculosis and 9 (4.8%) with malignant tumours of the respiratory organs were studied. Twelve people had focal TB, 109 had infiltrative TB, 21 had disseminated TB, 11 had cavernous TB, 25 had fibrotic cavernous TB and 2 had other forms.
Short-term use of rifampicin in the treatment of patients with chronic pulmonary tuberculosis
Abstract
We studied the results of single and repeated short-term (mostly 2-4 months each) administration of rifampicin in 229 patients with chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis. Many patients received rifampicin several times over a number of years in short courses. A total of 370 prescriptions over 10 years were analysed.
On the role of perinatal damage to the nervous system in the pathogenesis of intussusception in children
Abstract
A total of 24 children (18 boys and 6 girls) were examined. 5 children were under 6 months of age, 13 from 6 months to 1 year, 4 from 1 to 3 years and 2 children aged 6 and 7 years. A total of 22 of 24 children were admitted to the clinic as an emergency case with suspected intussusception, in 2 patients preliminary diagnosis turned out to be wrong and intussusception was diagnosed only during surgery.
Controlled medication in alcohol treatment
Abstract
The lack of effect of treatment with medication is sometimes seen as resistance to the medication. At the same time, in practice, there are cases of patients avoiding taking medication orally. This is often the case with psychiatric patients who become "treatment fatigue", distrust the efficacy of the medication, or develop the idea of poisoning. These patients are psychologically resistant to treatment and are not clearly aware of the need for continuation of the treatment.
On some of the mechanisms of premenstrual syndrome
Abstract
The increased interest in the premenstrual period of a woman's life among specialists is due to the fact that it is at this time that the frequency of exacerbations of somatic and mental diseases increases, the efficiency of work decreases dramatically, and pronounced changes in the behaviour of women are observed. The latter is the reason why psychiatrists pay close attention to premenstrual disorders.
Clinic, diagnosis and treatment of pheochromocytoma in pregnant women
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-producing tumour that arises from the medullary layer of the adrenal gland or extrarenal chromaffin tissue and is not uncommon. An analysis of sectional data published in the world literature in the last two decades shows that pheochromocytoma in 1% of cases; is the cause of hypertension, which in 50-60% of patients runs as a paroxysmal form of arterial hypertension and can progress to a permanent form with or without crises.
Quantification of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in brain injury
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the population and subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with craniocerebral injuries. Twenty-six patients were under observation, of whom 10 were diagnosed with moderate brain contusion, and 16 with severe brain contusion (in 4 patients the trauma was complicated by the development of pneumonia with fatal outcome).
On bacterial excretion in M. bovis-induced pulmonary tuberculosis
Abstract
We studied the pattern of bacilliform excretion in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis caused by M. bovis. There were 23 patients under observation, 18 of whom were livestock keepers. The focal form of tuberculosis was diagnosed in 1, infiltrative - in 13, haematogenous-disseminated - in 5 and fibrotic cavernous - in 4 patients. All 23 patients had isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Side effects of rifampicin
Abstract
Rifampicin (rifadin) has entered therapeutic practice as an effective and relatively mildly toxic antibiotic. Of the side effects of the drug, liver disorders are the most common. Influenza-like syndrome, which develops under intermittent rifampicin therapy, is much rarer. A peculiarity of our case is that the flu-like syndrome of allergic nature occurred in a patient against the background of using glucocorticoid hormones and other desensitizing agents.
Nerve apparatus of the gastric mucosa in chronic nonspecific lung diseases and in their combination with gastroduodenal ulceration
Abstract
A total of 944 patients (557 men and 387 women) with chronic nonspecific lung diseases, mostly aged 25 to 45 years, were examined. Of these, 710 were diagnosed with chronic bronchitis, 55 with bronchiectatic disease, 92 with bronchial asthma and 87 with chronic pneumonia. Gastroduodenal ulcers were diagnosed in 76 people.
The use of ethanol and alupent for the treatment of miscarriage
Abstract
Failure to conceive and preterm birth are high risk factors for perinatal pathology. In the search for a means to reduce the rate of non-pregnancy, we observed in 30 pregnant women the tricolic effect of the combined use of ethanol and Alupent. Twenty women were treated after 30 weeks' gestation in an obstetric hospital, and 10 from 18 to 27 weeks' gynaecological hospital. No cause of termination of pregnancy was identified.
Acute spontaneous uterine eversion in the postpartum period
Abstract
Uterine eversion is a rare but serious complication of the postpartum period and, less frequently, of the early postpartum period. The maternal mortality rate for this condition is as high as 30%. Spontaneous uterine eversion is an even rarer obstetric pathology. We observed two cases of acute spontaneous uterine eversion during the postpartum period.
Meningococcal carriage and meningococcal serological landscape
Abstract
854 people were examined, among whom 123 (14.4%) carriers were identified. In the study of strains it was found that meningococcal strains with the usual biological characteristics of the species were isolated from the carriers. The use of media prepared on fish paste and Hottinger's broth did not affect the main features of the microbe (morphological and cultural properties, biochemical activity, agglutinability).
Rehabilitation care for children with bronchopulmonary disease in an outpatient clinic
Abstract
In 1976, in order to improve medical services for dispensary patients, a rehabilitation department was set up in the children's polyclinic, which serves 53,000 children, on the basis of physical therapy and physiotherapy departments. The department is equipped with light therapy (including a photarium), heat therapy, vitamin-oxygen cocktails, massages, an inhalatorium, a therapeutic gymnastics room, a therapeutic swimming pool and a room for teaching swimming to infants.
Hygiene assessment of the learning and upbringing conditions of six-year-old children
Abstract
This paper presents the results of a sanitary-hygienic examination of the conditions of teaching, education and health of the children of the experimental classes in Zelenodolsk. In 1982, teaching bases were identified: two preparatory classes of a general education school and one preparatory group of a pre-school institution. The Department of Hygiene of Children and Adolescents at the Zelenodolsk Sanitary and Epidemiological Station systematically monitored the organization of the daily routine, catering, the teaching process, the sanitary condition of the allocated facilities and the medical care of the children of these establishments.
The bioavailability of iron in children's diets
Abstract
We did not find any studies on the bioavailability of iron in children's diets in the national literature, so the aim of this work was to assess the bioavailability of iron in individual meals and in daily diets by calculation and laboratory methods.
The use of control computers in electrophysiological research
Abstract
In the present paper we would like to share our experience of using control, measuring and computing complexes (MCPCs) based on the above-mentioned computers and designed for carrying out a wide range of electrophysiological investigations. We believe that familiarisation of physicians with the capabilities of such devices may help to accelerate the process of introduction of computer technology into healthcare practice.
Rational management of the third period of labour
Abstract
Reducing maternal mortality from haemorrhage is still the most important task of modern obstetric care. When it comes to the prevention of haemorrhage, a single term 'atonic haemorrhage' is appropriate. The etiology of uterine atony is not well understood, but it is known to be based on disorders of uterine contractility, hormonal imbalances or uterine muscle wasting.
Radiological features of degenerative-dystrophic changes in the spine
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine in detail the radiological signs of degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the spine.
A comprehensive clinical and radiological examination was performed in 147 patients (97 male and 50 female) aged 18 to 60 years. Radiological examinations were started with observation and sighting spondylograms. Depending on the further research tasks and indications, spinal images, oblique projections, direct magnification, as well as functional spondylography with load and tomography were performed.
Kazan Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics is 40 years old
Abstract
The Kazan Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics was founded on 1 December 1945 on the basis of the Hospital of Restorative Surgery. From the very first days, the institute became the base of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedics of Kazan HIDUV. A great role in the organisation and development of the Institute belongs to its first director, Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR and TASSR, Professor Lazar Ilyich Shulutko. Since 1960, the Institute has been headed by Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR and TASSR, Prof. Uzbek Yakubovich Bogdanovich.
Thrombohaemorrhagic syndrome in meningococcal infection
Abstract
In recent years, ideas about the pathogenesis of various forms of meningococcal infection have expanded and changed considerably. Due to the significant increase in the proportion of meningococcal infections with toxic-infectious shock and the accompanying thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, it is important for practical medicine to thoroughly elucidate the pathogenetic mechanisms of these complications.
III All-Union Congress of Laboratory Doctors
Abstract
The congress was attended by about 700 delegates and featured presentations on all the main fields of clinical laboratory diagnostics: haematology, cytology, immunology, bacteriology, biochemistry, coagulology, and the organisation of laboratory services. The congress was attended by specialists from NRB, East Germany, GDR, Poland and Czechoslovakia.
II All-Union Congress of Hematologists and Transfusiologists
Abstract
The Congress was attended by over 800 delegates and guests from Hungary, GDR, Poland, SRV and SFRY. In 5 plenary and 25 breakout sessions, reports were presented and discussed on the scientific and organisational principles and prospects for the development of blood and haematological care; blood, bone marrow and myelotransplantation preservation; blood substitutes and blood products; and new directions in transfusiology and haematology.
Plenum of the All-Union Scientific Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists
Abstract
The plenary session was devoted to the topical issue of reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in late toxicosis of pregnant women. Attention was drawn to the risk factors in the development of this pathology and, first of all, to extragenital diseases of the mother: kidney disease (G. M. Savelyeva, V. N. Serov), chronic tonsillitis, high infectious index in childhood, tonsillectomy during menarche.
Professor Ivan Fedorovich Kharitonov
Abstract
On September 2, 1985, after a serious and long illness at the age of 87 years, Ivan Fedorovich Kharitonov, TASSR honoured scientist, honoured doctor of TASSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, passed away. His life and work is a bright page in the history of Kazan Medical School and healthcare of the Tatar ASSR.
Professor Zainab Nazipovna Yakubova
Abstract
Medical science and health care in Tatarstan have suffered a great loss: On October 6, 1985, Zainab Nazipovna Yakubova, TASSR honoured doctor, TASSR honoured scientist, doctor of medical sciences, professor, CPSU member since 1956, passed away after a serious and long illness.
Chronicle
Abstract
On 7.02.85 a scientific conference of doctors of the Department of Hospital Therapy No. 1 of Kuibyshev Medical Institute and Kuibyshev Regional Hospital of Invalids of the Great Patriotic War, dedicated to the 40th anniversary of Victory, took place.