Vol 31, No 3-4 (1935)
On a steep ascent
Abstract
The reorganisation of the higher medical school, the exceptional attention paid by the party and the government to socialist health care, and the significant improvement in the material and living conditions of physicians pose new and very important challenges for the improvement of physicians. Our Soviet is the only country in the world where the state undertakes not only the task of training doctors, but also to ensure that a Soviet doctor is on top of modern medical knowledge and has mastered medical technology. This is, of course, primarily dictated by the unprecedented growth in the internal culture of millions of people, who place enormous demands on the Soviet doctor, both in the treatment and prevention of diseases and in improving the sanitary conditions of their work and life.
Pages from our experience
Abstract
During the October Revolution, I created the world's only state healthcare system. Thus I got my permission and the painful question about the state improvement of doctors, which was a cherished dream of the best generations of Zemstvo doctors. It is enough to look through the materials of the Pirogov Medical Congresses, pages of pre-revolutionary medical magazines and newspapers (Russian Physician, Doctor, etc.), two decades before October, to see how many and at the same time fruitlessly the best and most progressive minds of Zemstvo medicine of that time were fighting over this problem. The October Revolution itself had not yet turned 20 years old, and it had already raised a good dozen Institutes for the Advanced Training of Doctors, of which its firstborn in the RSFSR-Kazan Lenin Institute is 15 years old in 1935.
Experience in improving tuberculosis doctors by distance learning
Abstract
The Central Tuberculosis Institute of the RSFSR has been improving TB doctors by extramural training for 2 years. The incentive to use this method of tuberculosis personnel training was the decree of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (b) "On Medical Personnel Training". (August 1931).
Controversial issue in the doctrine of tuberculosis
Abstract
The more we study the pathology of tuberculosis, the more we become convinced of the role and importance of old tuberculosis foci. We know for a fact that a person from childhood carries a charge of TB infection. In the hilus glands, the latent process can still be exacerbated for life. The old, long-lasting shallowness glands are often the source of new, fresh manifestations of tuberculosis in childhood.
Cardiovascular system in hyperthyroidism
Abstract
At the clinic, hyperthyroidism is central to cardiovascular phenomena. Graves and Bazedov, who were the first to describe hyperthyroidism, included tachycardia among the main symptoms of the disease. Charko says: "Without tachycardia, there is no Bazedov's disease". Mebius put forward the position: "Bazedoviki suffer and die because of their heart". In all the subsequent work on the hyperthyroidism clinic, the cardiovascular system was given one of the main places.
To the study of urobilinemia
Abstract
If the question of bilirubinemia, its role in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases, in recent years, numerous studies have been devoted (Aschoff, Lepene, Lenskaya, Rosenthal, Rosenberg, Snapper, etc.), then the literature on urobilinemia is very insignificant. Meanwhile, the clinical significance of urobilinemia in the prognosis, assessment of work capacity in a number of diseases is of exceptional importance.
Once again about paroxysmal tachycardia as an allergic disease
Abstract
Paroxysmal tachycardia is a rare heart disease. The cardinal clinical symptoms are considered to be a sudden attack of the heartbeat with an increase in the rhythm to 200 or more beats per minute and the same sudden, in most cases, the end of it. For the first time this clinical symptom complex was described in 1876 by Cotton, and the name of paroxysmal tachycardia was given by Bouveret in 1889.
To the clinical pattern of pyloroduodenitis (Antrumgastritis)
Abstract
Modern methods of clinical examination of the stomach, in particular, Berg's fluoroscopy and gastroscopy, have significantly advanced our knowledge in the field of gastric pathology in recent years. The old catarrh of the stomach, which at one time was completely expelled from the clinic, resurrected again under the name of gastritis and is, according to modern data, a very common disease, which belongs to the central place among other diseases of the stomach.
To the pathogenesis of pancrealgia in cholecystopathies
Abstract
Cholecystopathy, in its various manifestations, embraces a group of extremely common diseases. For example, Svend Hansen found 25% gallstones in 1191 autopsies of people over the age of 20. According to German statistics, at the age of over 40, 30% of men and 40% of women have bile stones at autopsies. Most of these people, according to Bergmann, suffered from either expressed manifestations or masked or latent forms of cholecystopathy during their lifetime.
To the study of the role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of peripheral nervous diseases
Abstract
Various etiological factors — infection, trauma, exposure to cold — cause diseases of the peripheral nervous system. A pathogenic agent, acting on a particular site, activates a certain mechanism that passes through certain phases and creates a disease syndrome. Is there a local specificity of this mechanism, uniformity in the reactions arising under the influence of various stimuli, is the nature of the reactions determined mainly by the place that is influenced by the harmful agent, or does the kind and type of stimulation produced play a special role? What are the most initial phenomena, the so-called "preclinical" signs, followed by a regular change in the periods of the process? A number of questions arise in the study of the pathogenesis of peripheral nervous diseases.
Partial bath method according to Hauffe for the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular and nervous system
Abstract
Many years have passed since the publication of the interesting monograph by Hauffe ("Grundlagen der Hydrotherapié"). The author presented the result of 25 years of work and 180,000 observations on the effect of his special method of using partial baths with a gradually increasing temperature for cardiovascular diseases. The author's material, carefully examined (X-ray, plethysmography, electrocardiography), as well as data from a number of German and Russian authors, quite convincingly show the therapeutic value of this method. A number of authors, having confirmed the main conclusions, expanded the indications for this method.
On the etiology of cancer
Abstract
Modern oncology still does not give a definitive answer to the question of the etiology of malignant tumors as old as the world. Studying the monumental 4-volume work of J. Wolff on the history of cancer and getting acquainted with the latest data (Otto Warburg, Fischer-Wasels, Rhoda Erdmann, Blumenthal u. Auler, Carrèl, Maud Slye, Roffo, Shor and Soboleva, Bogomolets) , we bitterly state the lack of certainty not only in relation to the causal genesis, but even the formal genesis of the cancer.
Diphtheria stenosis
Abstract
Despite the success of serum therapy, laryngeal diphtheria is one of the most serious diseases of childhood and causes high mortality rates. Questions about surgical intervention in cereals, the use of intubation or tracheotomy are still unresolved, despite the numerous and seemingly comprehensive data on the benefits of intubation. The fact that some authors, while expressing their negative attitude towards intubation, do not stop at the assessment of the factual material adds a lot of ambiguity to the resolution of these issues. From this point of view, we did not feel it unnecessary to summarise our clinical material over 4 years.
On seasonal fluctuations in the frequency of spasmophilia and rickets in children
Abstract
Studying the question of how often this or that disease appears at different times of the year can provide important indications of the etiology of this disease. Comparison of data on the seasonality of different diseases can reveal an existing relationship between them. Our attention was drawn to one of the most dramatic manifestations of the disease in early childhood - tonic-clonic seizures. As you know, seizures are so often observed in young children that they even received the name of the "infant" disease among the people.
Methodology for the diagnosis and treatment of gonorrhea
Abstract
Acute initial gonorrhea is the simplest clinical form for diagnosis. The patient himself for the most part knows his diagnosis. However, no matter how simple and accurate the bacterioscopic diagnosis of initial gonorrhea is, the unfolding clinical picture from the very beginning is individual and diverse. And therefore, from the very beginning, attention is drawn to the environment in which the microorganism acts - the properties of the carrier of infection.
Gravidanotherapy for male gonorrhea
Abstract
In 1929, A. A. Zamkov proposed a drug of urine for pregnant women for therapeutic purposes, which he called gravidan. The good results obtained by a number of authors in the treatment of various diseases with gravidan prompted us to test its effect in the clinic of male gonorrhea. When we began to study this method of therapy, there was no indication in the literature regarding the use of gravidan for male gonorrhea. It was necessary to develop indications, contraindications, method of application and dosage of the drug.
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in the clinical pattern of male gonorrhea
Abstract
The erythrocyte sedimentation reaction, which is one of the thinnest biological reactions, has won a firm place in various branches of medicine. It is particularly widely used in tuberculosis clinics and in gynaecology, where it is used for prognostic and diagnostic purposes. Changes in O.E.'s reaction have been used for diagnostic purposes and in the Gonorrhea Clinic by a number of authors (A. Kunze, Hatenever, etc.) with different results. The task of our work was to compare the significance of this biological reaction for the diagnosis and prognosis of the gonorrhea process with conventional clinical data.
Novocaine block in the treatment of skin and venereal diseases
Abstract
In recent years, a number of new methods and means have been introduced into therapy, and with particular persistence they are recommended almost as a "panacea" for diseases that are different in their etiology and pathogenesis. Very often, the period of enthusiasm for a new remedy passes quickly and a great disappointment is introduced both in the ranks of practitioners and patients.
On indications for vagus kidney surgery
Abstract
Quite a few articles and books have been written about the vagus kidney. And nevertheless, this question is of keen interest in our days. The vagus kidney has always attracted the attention of clinicians by the unclear etiological aspects and the uncertainty of clinical symptoms. Diagnosis of this suffering, simple in most cases when the kidney is palpable, has become possible in our time in the most obscure cases. Only thanks to contrast radiography, the diagnosis of a drooping kidney has become firmly established.
In defense of apical plastics
Abstract
If I am currently advocating top thoracoplasty on the pages of the periodical press, which seems to have already gained recognition abroad, it is only because there are few people in our Union who do this operation, and some Phthisians and surgeons are biased towards it. Meanwhile, top thoracoplasty has its own history, certain surgical techniques and strict indications for use.
Saving skin scrapes for lacerated wounds
Abstract
Severe traumatic injuries such as gunshot, industrial, agricultural, and railway injuries usually result in lacerated and bruised wounds. Wounds are characterized by loss of tissue substance in a larger or smaller size, exposure of deep tissue layers, their crushed and lifeless state, the presence of flaps of separated skin and a greater or lesser degree of contamination.
For surgical treatment of laryngeal diphtheria croups
Abstract
Diphtheria occupies a relatively small place in the specialized literature on the treatment of chronic stenosis of the larynx caused by various infectious diseases. True, some authors (Kharshak, Pfafenrodt) have indications of individual cases of persistent, long-lasting stenoses, but they are relatively few in number.
Aggravation and simulations for movement organ diseases
Abstract
Almost every doctor in their work has to face, in one form or another, an attempt by some patients to mislead them about their true health condition. Some of them exaggerate their real painful condition with unjustified complaints, in other words, engrave it. Others try to make false complaints about a disease that they do not actually have, i.e. they fake it.
Fluctuations in calcium in skeleton integrity disorders
Abstract
At present, the important physiological importance of calcium for the animal organism must be considered fully established. Loew showed that in the absence of calcium, a living cell ceases to function. The physiological functions of the cell nucleus are closely related to the calcium content in it. An animal that receives food devoid of calcium salts dies sooner than in complete starvation. With a lack of calcium in food, decalcification of muscle and bone tissue cells occurs. This is especially noticeable on bones, in the structure of which calcium occupies the most prominent place.
About a ruptured pelvic joint during labor
Abstract
Despite the fact that the pelvic joints are the most powerful in the human skeleton, that considerable force is required to rupture them, they sometimes turn out to be untenable during the birth act. True, such complications are extremely rare.
Metrosalpingography in the diagnosis of tumors of the female genital area
Abstract
As is known, the issues of clarifying the diagnosis of diseases of the female genital area with the help of contrast agents have been dealt with almost from the earliest period of the use of X-rays in medicine; however, due to the strong irritant effect on the mucous membrane of the proposed contrast agents, or due to the weakness of the shadows given by them in the picture, these substances were left.
To the synthesis of the main phenomena of infection and immunity
Abstract
Immunology, which originated in the early years of the bacteriological era of the teachings of contagious diseases associated with the name of the genius Pasteur and Koch, in the early days of its development, had the content to solve the most important problems of treatment, diagnosis and specific prevention of contagious diseases. It was only a separate branch of medical and veterinary microbiology and pathological physiology. Today, the doctrine of immunity as a new branch of natural science, thanks to its unusually rapid development, has gone far beyond its original scope and is entitled to recognise the importance of an independent discipline designed to solve general biological problems.
Schwarzman's phenomenon and tuberculosis
Abstract
If the filtered broth culture of V. coli is introduced intracutaneously to the rabbit in the amount of 0.5 kP, then after 24 hours there is either no reaction or a slight redness. If the same rabbit is followed by 0.3-0.5 of the same filtrate intravenously, bluish hemorrhagic spots appear in the skin area where the injection was made the day before, which gradually increase in intensity and become almost black with a dark red area around the circumference.
Some syndromes of brain stem injury in dogs
Abstract
Experimenting on the brainstem in a dog to obtain decerebrated rigidity, I noticed a variety of other symptoms that occur with decerebration and present either with decerebrate rigidity, or — in cases of severe damage — without it. It seemed that the description of these symptoms, related to certain levels of damage to the brain stem, might be of interest, since the symptomatology of injuries and diseases of the brain stem, despite its richness, still cannot be considered exhausted.
On the absorption capacity of the nasal mucosa in different types of breathing
Abstract
Numerous works by Prof. Tsytovich's school, Prof. Viktorov's physiological laboratory and Prof. Trutnev's clinic with the elimination of dyestuffs from the body during different types of breathing have shown that in oral and tracheal breathing dyestuffs are delayed much longer and are distributed in the tissues differently than in the nasal breathing. This is explained by the fact that the movement of the intra-tissue fluid washing the tissue cells is slower with mouth breathing. The latter affects the nutrition of the cells, their metabolism, which in turn is accompanied by a change in their normal state, the constitution of each cell individually and the body as a whole.
A case of dislocation in the Lisfranc joint
Abstract
Dislocations in the Lisfranc joint are rare. The literature available to us on this issue counts only a few cases of such a dislocation, and some authors, when analyzing traumatic injuries of an isolated dislocation of individual metatarsal bones, do not mention at all, for example, there is no description of such dislocations in Cronlein's statistics, or they mention them as exclusive cases.
I.P. Pavlov's doctrine of conditioned reflexes and psychopathology
Abstract
The question of the attitude of the doctrine of conditioned reflexes to psychopathology, despite its seeming narrowness, is of great importance in the complex of reports characterizing the activity of I.P. Pavlov. This significance manifests itself in three directions: 1) biographical, in the sense of assessing the development of interests and works of I.P. Pavlov himself, 2) principle-methodological, in solving the problem of the relationship between the mental and physiological and in assessing the method of conditioned reflexes in this resolution, and 3 ) practical — in the sense of the application of theoretical research by I. P. Pavlov to the needs of the clinic.
Falling birth rate in the capitalist countries of Western Europe
Abstract
The beginning of a sharp decline in the birth rate in Europe dates back to the last quarter of the 19th century, the period of the heyday of capitalism, when the exploitation of the working class takes on the most refined forms, the contradiction between the social status of women and her maternal function appears sharper and brighter.
A brief outline of health care in Japan
Abstract
Our Soviet Union is the only state in the world that has managed to establish and develop a state system of preventive and curative medicine to serve each member of the work collective individually and the collective as a whole with the help of a whole system of institutions, the number of which has grown enormously, especially during the years of the 1st five-year plan. In the remaining 5/6 parts of the world, workers' health is not receiving attention from states and ruling classes. In this regard, the data characterizing the sanitary state and the organization of health care in Japan, published in a collection of articles published by Sotsekonomgiz under the title "Japan" and which we used for our present note, are of great interest.
Medical Latin-Russian Dictionary
Abstract
Dr. Oaks's vocabulary is fortunate. Habent sua fata libelli. Books have their own destiny. A bad dictionary, almost philologically illiterate (no indication of the gender of words, no genitive case, no indication of the number of syllables or stress, the presence of words without endings in the genus dermoid, hysterotom, etc.) is reprinted for the seventh time. All this is explained by the complete absence of such benefits in our country and the extreme need for them.
Epidemiological problems. Variability of bacteria as the cause of the movement of epidemics
Abstract
In one of the recently published works by A. managed to show that it is possible to achieve n vitro transformation of pathogenic microbes into apathogenic saprophytes. He succeeded in this by growing appropriate crops on nutrient media with the addition of various organic substances, such as sterile urine, bile, and the contents of gooseberries.
Study of the significance of bacterial variability for phagocytic act
Abstract
The author chose yellow and white staphylococcus, variants of paratyphoid meat poisoning strains and Gertner's bacillus as the objects of phagocytosis. Experiments have shown that during phagocytosis of staphylococci, their virulence plays an important role: strains of the virulent yellow type are devoured weaker than strains of the harmless white type.
Chemical-serological fractionation and specificity of carcinoma extracts
Abstract
The author divided the alcoholic extract from the cancerous and normal tissue into serological-chemical fractional parts and then obtained antisera, carrying out a combined immunization of rabbits with both phosphatides and fatty acid fractions.
Pituitary tumor and peptic ulcer
Abstract
Keshing recently drew attention to the link between pituitary disease and peptic ulcer. He cited 3 cases of deaths from ulcer perforation after surgery for a brain tumor. The author also cites his 2 cases of primary pituitary tumor with peptic ulcers.
About internal restraints after stomach surgery
Abstract
The author observed two cases of intestinal obstruction due to entrapment after stomach surgery. The author performed over 560 gastric resections and 110 gastroenterostomies. Clinically, this complication manifests itself as high intestinal obstruction, more often acute, less often chronic.
On the issue of sudden death while swimming
Abstract
Based on the experience gained with a single clinical observation, the author concludes that the sudden death of healthy young people during swimming is in some cases due to shock caused by the absorption of toxic amounts of H-substants (histamine), which are released in the overly sensitive skin due to cooling.
Meetings of medical societies. Hygiene section of NMA. Meeting of 23/XI 1934.
Abstract
Dr. O. M. Voydinova and N. G. Lutovinova “On the issue of vocational guidance and vocational counseling in secondary school”. Dr. M. M. Mushtarieva “Experience in keeping alarm records and studying absenteeism in children's institutions”.
Meetings of medical societies. Surgical section of NMA. Meeting of 25 January 1935.
Abstract
Dr. L.I. Elyashevich "Complications after blood transfusion on the material of 450 blood transfusions." Post-graduate student L.A. Nalivkin "On the treatment of acute pleural empyema." Dr. M. M. Shalagin - Demonstration of a patient after surgery for concomitant simultaneous disease with gallbladder stones and suppurative echinococcus of the liver.
Meetings of medical societies. Chistopol branch of NMA. Meeting of doctors of the Chistopol District Health Department of 13/VIII 1934
Abstract
The message of Dr. Spiridonov about the proposal of the Regional Medical Association of the Republic of Tatarstan to organize a branch in the city of Chistopol is being heard. The scientific part of the meeting is dedicated to the report of prof. P.A. Glushkova “About nervous trophism according to the works of prof. Speransky and his laboratory ".
Meetings of medical societies. Chistopol branch of NMA. Meeting of 21/XII 34 years.
Abstract
Dr. Kukarin — Report on IV. scientific conference of doctors of the Republic of Tatarstan on the surgical cycle. Dr. Samoilov, too, in a therapeutic cycle. Kugushev — a demonstration of God with a Pendino ulcer. Dr. Zauralov and Khlebnikov. — Combined outpatient malaria treatment with quinine, methylene, blue, salvarsan, and solol iodine. Dr. Spiridonov. — Radiograph demonstration of partial spontaneous pneumothorax, right. sides of the girl of 1 y. 3 m.