The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the development and treatment of infectious processes
- Authors: Mustafina D.A.1, Bagautdinova A.N.1, Zinatullina M.M.1, Gorbunov N.A.2, Zainetdinova E.T.1, Bukharmetova D.I.1, Leonov D.Y.3, Pirmagomedova A.G.4, Chernyshova A.E.1, Markhanos M.P.5, Abgaryan A.G.6, Arustamyan A.S.7, Chavro K.S.8, Mirzojonova F.9
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Affiliations:
- Bashkir State Medical University
- The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
- Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
- The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
- Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
- Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University
- Rostov State Medical University
- Kazan State Medical University
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
- Issue: Vol 15, No 1 (2024)
- Pages: 91-106
- Section: Reviews
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/clinpractice/article/view/257939
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.17816/clinpract627504
- ID: 257939
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Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of oncological diseases, which are the second most frequent cause of death, is steadily increasing among the population of the Russian Federation. The advances in translational medicine, including immunotherapy, have revolutionized the cancer treatment strategies. A particular breakthrough has been achieved in two areas of immunotherapy that have modernized the cancer treatment: chimeric T-cell receptors and antibodies known as immune checkpoint inhibitors, which block cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and ligand programmed cell death receptor (PD-L1). Immune checkpoint inhibitors enhance the immune response of the tumor and can cause adverse effects as a result of hyperactivation of T cells. In turn, immunosuppressive drugs, which are often prescribed to mitigate the side effects associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, are a risk factor for the development of infectious processes. The purpose of this review is to analyze the possible relationships between immune checkpoint inhibitors and the risk of infection, as well as to discuss the possible benefits of immune checkpoint inhibitors as a treatment for various types of infections, including viral, parasitic and fungal infections, as well as sepsis. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated the ability to significantly increase the life expectancy of patients with advanced cancer, they often lead to adverse events, which often require a treatment with immunosuppressive drugs, including corticosteroids, anti-TNF and other biological agents. The overall effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors on human infections remains poorly understood. Further research is needed to understand the basic mechanisms of the immunological effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on various types of infections, since in some cases such effects may be beneficial.
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##article.viewOnOriginalSite##About the authors
Dilya A. Mustafina
Bashkir State Medical University
Author for correspondence.
Email: secretplace@internet.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-1040-9530
Russian Federation, Ufa
Aisylu N. Bagautdinova
Bashkir State Medical University
Email: auculy125.ab@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-1760-4130
Russian Federation, Ufa
Milyausha M. Zinatullina
Bashkir State Medical University
Email: zinatullinamilyaushamiassarovna@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-8557-2098
Russian Federation, Ufa
NIkita A. Gorbunov
The First Sechenov Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)
Email: makerso@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0004-3289-1140
Russian Federation, Moscow
Elvina T. Zainetdinova
Bashkir State Medical University
Email: ezajnetdinova@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-4273-7097
Russian Federation, Ufa
Diana I. Bukharmetova
Bashkir State Medical University
Email: kamaeva.diana@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-7545-3615
Russian Federation, Ufa
Daniil Yu. Leonov
Saint-Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
Email: leonovdaniil95@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-1682-8975
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg
Aibike G. Pirmagomedova
The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov
Email: dont_a@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0006-2229-5067
Russian Federation, Moscow
Anna E. Chernyshova
Bashkir State Medical University
Email: chernyshann.99@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-7149-4510
Russian Federation, Ufa
Maria P. Markhanos
Professor V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University
Email: markhanosm@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-2964-1973
Russian Federation, Krasnoyarsk
Anna G. Abgaryan
Academician I.P. Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University
Email: annaabg1999@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0009-8681-0138
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg
Arina S. Arustamyan
Rostov State Medical University
Email: irina-arus@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-7859-6419
Russian Federation, Rostov-on-Don
Konstantin S. Chavro
Kazan State Medical University
Email: ks.chavro00@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-3441-6011
Russian Federation, Kazan
Farzonakhon Mirzojonova
National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute)
Email: nani_v@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-7255-4192
Russian Federation, Moscow
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