Opportunities to reduce the radiation exposure during computed tomography to assess the changes in the lungs in patients with COVID-19: use of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Several COVID-19 patients are subjected to multiple imaging examinations during hospitalization, the cumulative effect of which can significantly increase the total dose of radiation received. The effective radiation dose can be reduced by lowering the current and voltage of the X-ray tube, but this reduces image quality. One possible solution is to use adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction technology on the «raw» CT data. Recently, data on the efficacy of low-dose CT (LDCT) in the diagnosis of COVID-19 have appeared in the literature.

AIM: To analyze the quality and diagnostic value of LDCT images of the lungs after applying an iterative processing algorithm and to assess the possibility of reducing the radiation load on the patient when diagnosing COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients from the Infectious Diseases Department of the Moscow State University Hospital participated in the prospective study. CT examinations were performed at the time of patient admission and discharge and were repeated as needed during hospitalization. In the first study, a standard CT protocol with a tube voltage of 120 kV and automatic current modulation in the range of 200–400 mA was used; in repeated CT scans, the LDCT protocol was used with reduced tube voltage parameters (100 or 110 kV) and automatic current modulation in the range of 40–120 mA. To assess the diagnostic value of LDCT in comparison with standard CT, a survey was conducted among doctors from the Department of Radiation Diagnostics at Moscow State University Hospital. The questionnaire included a comparison of the two methods for identifying the following pathological processes: «ground-glass» opacities, compaction of the lung tissue with reticular changes, areas of lung tissue consolidation, and lymphadenopathy.

RESULTS: The study included 151 patients. The average age was 58±14.2 years, with men accounting for 53.6% of the population. During LDCT the radiation load was reduced by 2.96 times on average, CTDI by 2.6 times, DLP by 3.1 times, the current on the tube by 1.83 times, and the voltage on the tube by 1.2 times. The results indicate that the effectiveness of detecting the main signs of viral pneumonia and assessing the dynamics of the patient’s condition does not differ significantly from CT performed according to the standard protocol.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of a comparison of standard and low-dose CT show that there is no significant loss of diagnostic information and image quality as the radiation load is reduced. Thus, chest LDCT can be used to successfully diagnose COVID-19 in routine practice.

About the authors

Daria A. Filatova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: dariafilatova.msu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0894-1994
SPIN-code: 2665-5973

Medical Research and Educational Center

Russian Federation, 1a Shkolnaya street, 143430 Nakhabino, Moscow region

Valentin E. Sinitsin

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: vsini@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5649-2193
SPIN-code: 8449-6590

MD, PhD, Professor, Medical Research and Educational Center

Russian Federation, Moscow

Elena A. Mershina

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: elena_mershina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1266-4926
SPIN-code: 6897-9641

MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Medical Research and Educational Center

Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Patient, 78 years old: standard computed tomography at admission was performed with a radiation load of 2.5 mSv (a), low-dose computed tomography - 1.0 mSv (b).

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3. Fig. 2. Patient, 72 years old: standard computed tomography at admission was performed with radiation exposure of 2.1 mSv (a), low-dose computed tomography - 0.87 mSv (b).

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4. Fig. 3. Patient, 60 years old: standard computed tomography at admission was performed with a radiation load of 3.3 mSv (a), low-dose computed tomography - 1.1 mSv (b).

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5. Fig. 4. Patient, 46 years old: standard computed tomography at admission was performed with a radiation dose of 5.6 mSv (a), low-dose computed tomography - 1.7 mSv (b).

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6. Fig. 5. Patient, 40 years old: standard computed tomography at admission was performed with radiation exposure of 6.8 mSv (a), low-dose computed tomography - 2.0 mSv (b).

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7. Fig. 6. Patient, 56 years old: standard computed tomography at admission was performed with a radiation load of 1.6 mSv (a), low-dose computed tomography - 0.87 mSv (b).

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Copyright (c) 2021 Filatova D.A., Sinitsin V.E., Mershina E.A.

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

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