Vol 4, No 3 (2025)

one of the priority issues of the economic development of the Russian Federation is the need to boost production in the country's heavy industry. This need is conditioned by the need to provide the domestic economy with the means of production, in conditions of restrictions on the import of foreign equipment and technologies. The shortage of means of production in the sectors of the domestic economy may lead to a degradation of the country's economic development in the near future. Accordingly, the sustainable functioning of the heavy industry sector is a strategic task of our state. The purpose of the study is to identify the problems of the functioning of heavy industry in Russia. To solve this problem, a significant amount of financial investments, staffing, as well as increased innovation activity in the heavy industry sector are required. Therefore, the Government of the country has developed a wide range of measures to support enterprises operating in the field of industrial production. The article analyzes the functioning of the heavy industry of the Russian Federation, and defines the prospects for its further development. Within the framework of the presented statistical study, the results describing the current state and growth of the industry were obtained, thanks to which solutions for leveling problems were identified, such as: information support, development of import substitution policy, activation of innovation activity in the country's heavy industry.

during the study, it was found that the Digital Economy creates a new paradigm for public administration, requiring a fundamental revision of traditional approaches to organizing government processes. Modern tools for digital transformation can improve the efficiency, transparency and accessibility of public services. In connection with the above, the author of this article attempted a scientific analysis and critical understanding of modern tools for transforming public administration in the context of the digital economy.

the article is devoted to the place and role of planning in the Russian legal system. The author determines the expediency of integrating the category of "planning" from the economic space into a special legal field, including taking into account the use of the positive experience of the USSR planning system. The article describes the category of "planning" through the prism of its organic connection with law. The author poses and answers the question of whether the planned tasks are normative in nature. It is noted that planned norms are a type of legal norms that are generally binding, but with their own characteristics. In conclusion, the author focuses on the need to use a planned start in the legal field.

in the context of increasing environmental challenges and the deterioration of the state of the environment, the improvement of governmental regulatory instruments becomes an urgent task. The aim of the study is to develop and evaluate measures to enhance the effectiveness of legislative, regulatory, and managerial mechanisms aimed at protecting the environment and ensuring environmental safety. Methodology. The study employed methods of comparative analysis, a systems approach, and modeling, which allowed for the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing regulatory instruments. The experience of both foreign and domestic practices was evaluated, legislative initiatives and regulatory documents were analyzed, and statistical data on the environmental situation were examined. Results. The results obtained indicate the necessity of integrating environmental policy into the overall system of state management with the incorporation of multidisciplinary approaches. The study revealed that in order to enhance regulatory effectiveness it is necessary not only to improve the normative legal framework but also to actively employ market and economic instruments that encourage environmentally responsible behavior by enterprises and the public. It is noted that the transition to the principle of sustainable development and the formation of mechanisms for public oversight are key factors in achieving the set goals. Discussion. The data obtained confirm that a comprehensive approach to improving governmental regulatory instruments ensures synergy between various sectors of the economy and increases the adaptability of environmental policy in the context of dynamic socio-economic changes. The authors discuss the need to strengthen interaction between central and regional authorities, as well as the importance of involving experts and civil society in the process of formulating and implementing environmental strategies. Conclusion. In conclusion, it is emphasized that enhancing governmental regulatory instruments in the field of environmental protection is an integral part of the country’s strategy to ensure environmental safety. The proposed measures and recommendations can be used to develop new legislative initiatives aimed at creating favorable conditions for sustainable development and improving the quality of life for citizens. Further research in this direction will allow for a more precise assessment of the effectiveness of the proposed instruments and their long-term impact on the environmental situation.

the energy sector is an important element of the functioning of the economy of the Russian Federation. The economy of the Russian Federation is faced with the task of activating production processes in the heavy industry. The indicated need is due to the need to provide the domestic economy with means of production and industrial goods, in the context of the departure of foreign companies from the market of the Russian Federation. However, the development of the heavy industry is inextricably linked with the possibilities of providing production processes with electricity. Accordingly, for the development of heavy industry, it is also necessary to build a system of providing electricity to industrial enterprises. The process of developing the energy industry is acutely on the agenda, since today the industry is experiencing shocks associated with a decline in the technological structure and obsolescence of fixed assets. The deficit of means of production in the sectors of the domestic economy, in the near future, can lead to the degradation of the country's economic development. The author of this article analyzed the state of the energy sector of the Russian Federation today. The main dynamics of the development of the industry are determined, the role of the state in supporting and developing the country's energy industry is considered. The article examines the current problems of the country's energy sector and proposes directions for solving the identified problems. The emphasis is placed on the work of fixed assets, the main risks that hinder the development of the industry today are identified. Based on the results of the study, proposals are formed that allow leveling current problems and promoting the development of the energy industry.

the purpose of the article was to consider the prospects for improving the legal regulation of the notary's participation in the implementation of his activities in the registration of inheritance rights. Inheritance rights currently play an important role. Citizens are increasingly registering inheritance in connection with the expansion of property rights of citizens. The increase in the number of inheritance cases is associated, among other things, with the special military operation conducted by the Russian Federation in Ukraine. Persons participating in the special military operation are increasingly registering their inheritance rights. Nevertheless, it was the special military operation that revealed some problems in the registration of inheritance. The work used both general scientific methods of scientific knowledge, such as observation, analysis, description, generalization and comparison, and special methods, characteristic specifically for legal science. The conclusions outline the main vectors of development of the powers of the notary in the studied area and propose various options for their improvement. The obtained results of the study can be used by scientists and practitioners, teachers, postgraduates and students of law schools, and also be of interest to anyone interested in the problems of inheritance and the activities of a notary in Russia.

the article examines current problems of qualification and responsibility for digital crimes in Russian legislation in the context of the widespread development of information technology. It is emphasized that the rapid development of technology creates significant difficulties for the qualification of such acts and bringing the perpetrators to justice, which is confirmed by international statistics on the growth of cybercrime. The legal regulation of digital crime at the international and national levels is considered, including international agreements within the UN and the CIS, as well as the norms of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, in particular Articles 159.6 and 272 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The problems of qualification of fraud in the field of computer information are analyzed in detail, including in phishing attacks, where there is uncertainty in the distinction between the elements of general fraud and fraud in the field of computer information. An example from judicial practice is given illustrating this problem. The article identifies the problems of qualification, such as the difficulty of establishing a causal relationship between the actions of the perpetrator and the consequences that have occurred, especially in the presence of multiple factors, as well as the difficulties that arise when qualifying crimes committed using new technologies that require constant updating of legislation. Special attention is paid to the problem of qualifying cross-border crimes and the need for international cooperation in this area. As additional measures, it is proposed to strengthen educational work, revise judicial practice with an emphasis on the actual harm from digital crimes and create a specialized national agency to combat digital crime.

object: the study aims to examine the evolution of regulation concerning investment-linked and unit-linked life insurance in Russia, assess the effectiveness of the Bank of Russia's measures to mitigate systemic risks, and forecast market development. Methods: In the course of the research, general scientific methods of cognition, including system analysis, as well as private scientific methods were used: comparative legal, formal logical, statistical. Findings: The introduction of the new product enhanced the transparency of insurance offerings through cooling-off periods and standardized documentation. However, risks persist, including the lack of investment guarantees. Further development of the product requires addressing regulatory gaps, introducing tax incentives, and reducing dependence on macroeconomic instability. Conclusions: As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop recommendations for improving legal regulation in this area.

this article is devoted to the study of cyber threats as one of the global threats that affect economic security in the context of universal digitalization. The acceleration of the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has a significant impact on various spheres of human activity, providing new opportunities for economic and social development, but at the same time, the number of threats to economic security associated with the use of ICTs is growing. This work provides statistics on the increase in the number of reported cases of cybercrime. The work examines types of cyber threats, such as the leakage of confidential information, hacking of accounts on social networks and other forms of unauthorized interference in information systems. The article examines the existing difficulties and current challenges in ensuring the protection of critical infrastructure and commercial structures. This article also includes recommendations on strengthening economic security in the field of digitalization. The article provides real-life examples of well-known cyber attacks of the early 21st century, emphasizing the importance of cybersecurity issues. The research results can be used to develop practical measures to increase the resilience of the economy to cyber threats and ensure its stable development in the context of digitalization.

this scientific work is devoted to the analysis of the international legal regulation of the fight against piracy and armed robbery at sea. These acts pose a threat to maritime safety, trade, and the State and society in general, so it is necessary to highlight such topics and combat them through legislative regulation. The purpose of the work is to identify what constitutes piracy and armed robbery at sea, and what means are used to suppress them. The research solves the following tasks: it examines the definition and signs of piracy, analyzes the regulatory framework that establishes responsibility for the commission of the above-mentioned criminal acts, examines the activities of organizations and states to develop methods to combat armed robbery at sea, examines the activities of pirates in our days. Special attention is paid to the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, its provisions and articles are analyzed. In addition, regional agreements of various countries are also being considered, as well as the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The authors also give examples of pirate attacks in modern realities, in particular, they describe the attack on a Russian tanker and the measures that were taken to eliminate violators of law and order. The study showed that piracy and armed robbery at sea is a large–scale problem that requires joint efforts by all States, as well as the expansion of the regulatory framework that would be able to effectively combat criminal acts.