Solid runoff assessment of Moscow territory

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Abstract

Over half of the existing river valleys and gullies on the territory of Moscow (within the Moscow Ring Road) for the XVIII–XX centuries were buried because of land development. Along with this, a network of storm-water drains (underground pipes) was built with an average density of 6.9 km/km2. Now the impermeable surfaces (roofs of buildings, sidewalks, roads etc.) cover 50% of total Moscow territory. Surface runoff, including soil, suspended and dissolve loads now enters remaining streams and ponds through storm-water network. It has been estimated, that on average the annual solid runoff from the surface area of 880 km2 is about 160–250 m3/km2 (or 2.6–4 ton/ha per year). About 100 m3/km2 of sediment per year is being washed off from flat surfaces (e.g. fluvial terraces) with amplitudes of less than 6–7 m. The reason of increase sedimentation and dissolved substances in runoff is a poor maintained storm-water network, extensive urban development, and intensification of aeolian transit from construction sites. The total quantity of particulate matter (suspended or bedload) coming from the storm-water drains lead to an explosive increase in sediment runoff exceeding the transporting capacity of the preserved rivers. The potential of the Moskva River to remove the increased runoff of sediments and pollutants has now been completely exhausted.

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About the authors

V. A. Nekhodtsev

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Weizmann Institute of Science

Author for correspondence.
Email: nekhodtsev.v@gmail.com

Faculty of Geography

Russian Federation, Moscow; Rehovot, Israel

G. D. Emdin

ITMO University

Email: nekhodtsev.v@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Sand and clay on the roadway during light rain is an indicator of active solid runoff from the urban area. Photo by V. A. Nekhodtsev.

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3. Fig. 2. Techno-alluvial deposits in the Kalitnikovskii Creek drain in 2011: dismantling of the concrete dam (a); techno- alluvial deposits 265 m above the dam at the point of narrowing of the collector (б); after dam dismantling the stream began to rapidly cut into sediments (в, г). Photos by S. A. Kornev and V. A. Nekhodtsev.

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4. Fig. 3. Scheme for calculating the volume of techno-alluvial deposits in the collector of Kalitnikovskii Creek: a cross section of a partially filled pipe (a); a subhorizontal section of the pipe with 2.13 m diameter (б); a section of a slightly inclined pipe with 1.5 m diameter (в). Compiled by the authors.

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5. Fig. 4. The scheme of the catchment of the fragment of the Kalitnikovskii Creek. 1 — the main pipe with 1.5–2.4 m diameter; 2 — a section of the pipe with accumulated techno-alluvial deposits; 3 — small storm drains tributaries; 4 — the boundary of the drainage basin; 5 — a fragment of the original scheme of the storm drains network SUE “Mosvodostok” indicating the distances between the hatches and the drainage gratings (above; in meters) and the diameter of the pipes (bottom; in millimeters). Compiled by V.A. Nekhodtsev.

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