Global cooling events of the Late Holocene preserved in the coastal sediments in the southern Far East of Russia

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Abstract

Multy-proxy studies of the lagoon terrace in the head of the Amur Bay made it possible to identify sharp short-term cooling events during ~4450, 2870–2510, 1740–1200, and 680–380 yr BP, and compared them with cold events in other regions around the world. The reconstructions are based on results of diatom, botanical, and palynological analyzes. The Becon age model is based on radiocarbon dating and tephrostratigraphy. Tephra B-Tm from the caldera-forming Baitoushan volcano eruption was found in the section of the peat mire. The section selected to serve as a natural archive has its own specifics. In contrast to the mountainous areas and river basins, where the climate became dry 3320–3050 years ago due to a sharp decrease in the intensity of the summer monsoon, coastal lacustrine-swamp sequences had been developing in constantly waterlogged conditions. This made it possible to identify short-term dry events that well correlate with the global climatic rhythm caused by decrease in solar radiation. The decrease in moisture was closely related to the influence of the ocean: the intensity of tropical cyclogenesis, which is controlled by the activity of El Niño. The shallowing of the lagoon during the decline of low-amplitude transgression, intensified by the weakening of the summer monsoon, led to a change in terrigenous sedimentation to organogenic at about 3460 years ago. The cooling during 2870–2510 years ago had the most complex structure with sharp changes in moisture. Change in the course of swamp-forming processes around 1740 years ago associated with the activation of floods, which caused periodic flooding of the peat mire in the vast wetland near the Razdolnaya River mouth, led to the disappearance of the trees and the development of a grass swamp. In general, regional conditions were dry until the Medieval Warm Period. The landscapes responded to cooling by decreasing the role of broad-leaved trees in the forest vegetation of the low mountains, and increase of plants prefering less water-saturated habitats in the coastal plant communities. Of the cold events, the exception is the Little Ice Age, which was wet and characterized by frequent floods. The meridional transfer of moist air masses from the ocean to the continent became more active during that time.

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About the authors

N. G. Razjigaeva

Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: nadyar@tigdvo.ru
Russian Federation, Vladivostok

L. A. Ganzey

Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS

Email: nadyar@tigdvo.ru
Russian Federation, Vladivostok

T. A. Grebennikova

Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS

Email: nadyar@tigdvo.ru
Russian Federation, Vladivostok

L. M. Mokhova

Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS

Email: nadyar@tigdvo.ru
Russian Federation, Vladivostok

V. V. Chakov

Institute of Water and Environmental Problems FEB RAS

Email: nadyar@tigdvo.ru
Russian Federation, Khabarovsk

T. A. Kopoteva

Institute of Water and Environmental Problems FEB RAS

Email: nadyar@tigdvo.ru
Russian Federation, Khabarovsk

M. A. Klimin

Institute of Water and Environmental Problems FEB RAS

Email: nadyar@tigdvo.ru
Russian Federation, Khabarovsk

G. V. Simonova

Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS

Email: nadyar@tigdvo.ru
Russian Federation, Tomsk

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2. Fig. 1 . Study area. (a) – Japan Sea region; (б) – Primorye and position of study area and sections to be compared: 1 – Shufan Plateau, 2 – Starorechenskoe fortress, 3 – Boisman Bay, 4 – Cherepakha Lake, 5 – Steklyanukha River, Shkotovka River Basin, 6 – Shkotovskoe Plateau, 7 – Milogradovka River, 8 – Kit Bay, 9 – Langou I Bay, 10 – Oprichnik Bay, 11 – Solontsovskie lakes; (в, г) – position of the reference section 120.

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3. Fig. 2 . Age-depth model, accumulation rates of lacustrine-swamp sediments on Amur Bay coast and volcanic glass from B-Tm tephra layer. 1 – peat, 2 – silt, 3 – peaty silt, 4 – volcanic ash.

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4. Fig. 3 . Distribution of diatoms from lagoon terrace section 120 on Amur Bay coast. Habitats: 1 – planktonic and temperate-planktonic, 2 – benthic, 3 – epiphytes; salinity: 1 – halophobous, 2 – indifferent, 3 – halophilous, 4 – marine, 5 – No data; рН: 1 – acidophylous, 2 – circumneutral, 3 – alkaliphilous, 4 – No. data.

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5. Fig. 4 . Botanical composition and peat characteristics, section 120, Amur Bay coast. Peat types:1 – woody, 2 – herbaceous-woody, 3 – woody-herbaceous, 4 – herbaceous, 5 – herbaceous-shrub, 6 – complex, 7 – peaty-mineral horizon, 8 – silt, 9 – volcanic ash. Botanical composition: 1 – wood, 2 – shrub, 3 – herb, 4 – sphagnum mosses, 5 – brown mosses, 6 – charcoal. Graphs on the right: the degree of decomposition and mineral content of peat.

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6. Fig. 5 . Pollen diagram for peat section 120 on Amur Bay coast.

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7. Fig. 6 . The dynamics of solar activity based on the measurement of 10 Be in polar ice, according to (Steinhilber et al., 2009) and changes in biotic components on Amur Bay coast in the late Holocene. Percentages on the curves correspond to fig. 3–5 . Grey bands indicate global cold events (Wanner et al., 2011). (1) – solar activity (Steinhilber et al., 2009); (2) – concentration of diatom frustules (mln/g); (3) – arctoboreal diatoms (%); (4) – soil diatoms (%); (5) – tree remains (%); (6) – pollen Abies + Picea (%); (7) – pollen of broadleaved trees (%); (8) – Cyperaceae pollen (%); (9) – Artemisia pollen (%).

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