Chronology of Khvalynian Stage of the Caspian Sea according to radiocarbon dating

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Abstract

The paper analyzes 234 radiocarbon dates of the Khvalynian deposits obtained by researchers over more than 50 years of studying the Caspian region. Most of the dates were obtained from shell material, including endemic species of mollusks of the genus Didacna that lived in the early and late Khvalynian basins of the Caspian Sea. The radiocarbon coverage of the Khvalynian stage is in the range of 46–8.3 cal. ka BP. The most ancient dates were obtained from the Khvalynian deposits of the Caspian Sea. The largest number of dates falls within the interval of 17–12.5 cal. ka BP. The development of the early Khvalynian transgression began 40–35 cal. ka BP. During 25–18 cal. ka BP the coastline of the early Khvalynian basin reached levels above 0–5 m asl, and the level of 20–22 m asl developed in the range of 17–13.5 cal. ka BP. After 12.5 cal. ka BP the sea level was falling probably leading to the development of Enotaevkian regression. The Upper Khvalynian deposits dated between 11–8.5 cal. ka BP probably correspond to the development of the late Khvalynian transgression. The age interval for the development of the maximum phase (45–48 m asl) of the Early Khvalynian transgression has not been determined according to the currently available data.

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R. R. Makshaev

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography

Author for correspondence.
Email: radikm1986@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. T. Tkach

Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geology

Email: radikm1986@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the location of sampling for radiocarbon analysis. The location of samples for which no coordinates have been established are not shown in this diagram.

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3. Fig. 2. The structure of the studied sections in the Northern Caspian Sea.

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4. Fig. 3. Construction of wells from the water area of the Northern Caspian Sea.

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5. Fig. 4. Radiocarbon dates of Khvalynian deposits. Number of dates: (a) – common for the Caspian region, (б) – for the Caspian Sea area, (в) – for the Northern Caspian Sea, (г) – for the Eastern Caspian Region, (д) – for the Western Caspian Sea.

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6. Fig. 5. Hypsometric position of 182 radiocarbon dates and reconstruction of the course of development of the Khvalynian stage (blue dotted line). Gray indicates the estuary conditions for the accumulation of precipitation at the early Khvalynian stage. Vertical bands indicate the time intervals of the main climatic events of the North of Europe (Cohen, Gibbard, 2019). Horizontal bands indicate the time intervals of marine isotopic stages (Cohen, Gibbard, 2019).

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7. CHRONOLOGY OF KHVALYNIAN STAGE OF THE CASPIAN SEA ACCORDING TO RADIOCARBON DATING
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