Volume 3, Nº 3 (2023)

Tobacco is an important risk factor for malignant neoplasms (MN). The article provides an analysis of the incidence of MN for 2011–2021 in the Russian Federation among men and women with different levels of tobacco smoking. Materials and methods. The analysis includes the incidence of cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lung (TBLC), laryngeal cancer (LC) (tobacco is a high risk factor), liver cancer (a low risk). Time series of standardized indicators of morbidity per 100 thousand population for 2011–2021 were analyzed. with the calculation of linear trend models. The influence of the smoking prevalence on the morbidity dynamics was assessed by comparing the morbidity trends in periods characterized by an increase and decrease in smoking among men and women, taking into account the 5-year latent period of the development of MN (2011–2017, 2018–2021). Results. In 1990–2013, the prevalence of smoking steadily decreased among men and significantly increased among women. After the adoption in 2013 of Federal Anti-Tobacco Law, smoking among women, as well as among men, began to steadily decline. In 2011–2017, there was a decrease in the incidence of TBLC, LC among men and an increase among women. In 2018–2021 there was the same downward trend among men and women. The incidence of liver cancer among men and women increased during 2011–2021. Conclusion. The incidence of TBLC, LC is significantly associated with the smoking prevalence. A decrease in the smoking prevalence among the population may lead to a decrease in the incidence of tobacco-related MN.

Purpose. To analyze the indicators of hospitalization and outpatient visits of patients aged 18 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in federal districts (FD) and regions of the Russian Federation from the perspective of the World Health Organization concept of ambulatory care sensitive conditions. Materials and methods. The analysis included data from the annual forms of federal statistics (forms No. 12 and No. 14), on the number of hospitalizations and the outpatient visits of patients aged 18 years and older diagnosed of type 2 diabetes (ICD10: E11) in 2022. Results. We analyzed the data of the federal statistics (forms No. 12 and No. 14) of the Federal District and the regions of the Russian Federation in 2022. It was found that in the North Caucasus Federal District, an increased level of adult hospitalization is associated with an increased ratio of the number of hospitalizations to the number of outpatient visits to the primary health care (PHC) facilities. At the same time, in FDs with adult outpatient visits is higher than the Russian average and adult hospitalization is higher than the Russian average (Ural, Central and Volga FDs). And vice versa, in FDs with adult outpatient visits is lower than the Russian average and adult hospitalization is lower than the Russian average (Southern, Far Eastern, Siberian and North-Western FDs). When analyzing the ratio of the number of hospitalizations to the number of outpatient visits to PHC facilities among the adult population, the highest indicator was recorded in the North Caucasus FD, while the heterogeneity of the indicator within the FD was one of the highest among the other FDs. The lowest indicator of the number of hospitalizations to the number of cases of treatment in PHC facilities among the adult population with type 2 DM was recorded in the Northwestern FD, while the heterogeneity of the indicator within the FD was the lowest among the other FGs. There was a high variability of the ratio both for all subjects of the Russian Federation and FDs. The ratio values ranged from 2,55 in the Novgorod Region to 31,39 in the Chechen Republic. Conclusion. Accounting for diseases that can be treated on an outpatient basis can become one of the tools for assessing the quality of medical care to the adult population in PHC facilities. However, before including this indicator as a criterion for assessing the quality of medical services, a deeper understanding of the reasons influencing its change is required. 

The authors used databases Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, MedLine, RSCI for a systematic periodicals review on surgical safety issues published from 2000 to 2022. The literature review has shown that organization of interaction and communication, quality of completion of the checklist, assessment of the clinical effectiveness of the checklist, possibility of adapting the checklist to the conditions of a particular surgical department, increased compliance of healthcare professionals with the use of the surgical safety checklist, possibility of patient participation in completing the checklist appear to be the basic issues requiring a critical look and a prospective discussion. The introduction of individual components of quality control and medical care safety is known to be a rather long and staged process, during which systematic approaches, starting points and control points are repeatedly reviewed. The high level of specialists training and concentration, the need for clear communications within the surgical team, strict follow the preventive rules can serve as the initial guidelines requiring constant training control. The process principle of quality service management and the incorporation of new technologies for optimization filling and digitalization of the checklist will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of surgical safety.

Introduction. The article examines the important role of art and culture in ensuring public health. In particular, this method of informing the population seems to be the most digestible and memorable. In other words, a multidisciplinary approach can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health care organization methods in terms of raising public awareness.Target: raising public awareness of aspects of primary and secondary prevention (exemplified by ophthalmic pathology) through the collaboration of health organization with art and culture.Methods. In the course of the work, methods of theoretical generalization, analysis of scientific literature, photographing, adapted image editing, compilation and distribution of sanitary pools, conducting a conversation with the population, and questionnaires were applied.Results. Within the framework of the project «Jubilee Sanbulleti. 320 St. Petersburg «developed original sanitation, combining not only hygiene and prevention, but also aspects of culture and art. A high role in public health of approaches such as collaboration (collaboration) and interdisciplinary is noted.Conclusion. The fundamental approaches of this project make it possible to integrate the foundations of primary and secondary prevention into almost all aspects of our activities, and such implementation is carried out evenly, without obsession. This property of the project correlates with the basic principles of modern health care – preventive and participative.