Volume 3, Nº 2 (2023)

Purpose: to assess the commitment of medical students to a healthy lifestyle during a new coronavirus infection. Tasks. Identification of threaths to health and identification of motivational factors for maintaining a healthy lifestyle Materials and methods. The study was conducted among first-year students of a medical university in 2018 and 2022 years, 926 first-year students were selected, including 412 people in 2018 (130 men and 282 women), in 2022–514 people (121 men and 393 women). Results. The study showed an increase in the proportion of medical students who consider health a priority value (from 59.1% to 71.7%) and are confident that they lead a healthy lifestyle (from 58.9% to 70.5%), a decrease in the specific weight who do not have physical activity (from 15.7 to 4.5%) and smokers (from 13.0% to 6.4). An increase in the number of students controlling the consumption of sugar, fruits and vegetables was recorded. The pandemic did not affect the opinion of students about the main factors affecting health: in the first ranking place, almost half of the students have systematic lack of sleep. On the second – overload associated with the educational process, on the third – the presence of bad habits. Conclusion. The study showed that the pandemic had a mixed effect on the adherence to a healthy lifestyle. Along with the growth of adherence, the opinion of students about the main factors affecting health has not changed. As in the pre-Covid period, students demonstrate opposite opinions about the influence of such factors as the presence of bad habits, passive smoking, an uncomfortable psychological microclimate in the group, overweight, hereditary predisposition. A significant part of the students indicate that the leading motivational factor influencing the implementation of health preservation is a regular and systematic study of the theoretical foundations of a healthy lifestyle.

The mental health protection of the population is an urgent direction of public policy in the field of health care, given the increase in the prevalence of mental disorders among the population. Topical are the issues of increasing the efficiency of dispensary observation of patients with mental illness in the light of the approval of the Procedure for dispensary observation of a person suffering from a chronic and protracted mental disorder with severe persistent or often exacerbated painful manifestations, approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia dated June 30, 2022 No. 453n. After all, it is within the framework of dynamic dispensary observation that it is possible to implement the necessary volume of complex medical, rehabilitation and medical and social assistance to patients with mental illness

Introduction. With 20% of the African population, low routine immunization coverage, and a wild poliovirus reservoir, Nigeria contributes significantly to the overall regional burden of vaccine-preventable diseases. Since the introduction of the EPI in 1974 (which later became the National Programme on Immunization), Nigeria’s immunization program has suffered declining coverage. Poor quality affects service utilization, even where the services are provided free, just as immunization services are. Quality assessment will give an indication of the degree of satisfaction of clients with services as well as provide a framework for review of program priorities, strategies, and componentsPurpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the quality of immunisation services provided to children in primary health centres in Oron, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the immunisation services, assess the level of compliance with national and international standards for immunisation, and make recommendations for improvement where necessary. Additionally, the study seeks to contribute to the body of knowledge on the quality of childhood immunisation services in Nigeria, particularly in the context of primary health centres. Ultimately, the findings of this study may help to improve the delivery of immunisation services in the region and ensure that more children are vaccinated and protected against vaccine-preventable diseases. Materials and methods. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of the quality of immunization services in Primary Health Centers in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. This study utilized some variables as indicators which included physical environment, resource availability, client satisfaction etc. formed into a questionnaire. The study involved 402 caregivers and 156 healthcare providers in 12 Primary Health Centers. The study utilized six instruments namely the Client questionnaire, Facility staff questionnaire, Facility Checklist, Personal Observation, Focus Group Discussion Guide, and Client Flow Chart.Outcomes. The results showed that the quality of immunization services was poor. The caregivers were dissatisfied with the reception by the providers. They were also not satisfied with the waiting time which they complained of as being too long. The attitude of the health care providers was also a cause of dissatisfaction.Discussion. This study found that the Community Health Extension Workers constituted the majority (39,4%) of the immunization service providers. Of the 152 healthcare providers that participated in the study, 92 (60,9%) had attended in-service training on immunization within the previous two years while 59 (39,1%) had not. A comparison of staff categories with attendance at in-service training showed a statistically significant difference (p=0.0072),suggesting that whether one attended in-service training or not depended on the category of staff he/she belongs to. One hundred and twelve (73,3%) of staff knew the correct vaccine storage temperature while 40 (26,7%) did not know. Healthcare providers who do not know the correct vaccine storage temperature may administer vaccines whose potency has been compromised. One-hundred and forty-nine (98,0%) healthcare providers were aware that clients have certain rights collectively referred to as clients’ rights. It is only by knowing the rights of clients that providers would be expected to respect these rights. The clients’ right to which most providers indicated strong agreement that clients are entitled to, was the right to information as indicated by 105 (70,2%) providers while the right to which most providers indicated disagreement was the right to choice of where and when to access services. Fifty-two (34,0%) health care providers felt clients were not entitled to this right.Conclusion. In conclusion, the study conducted a thorough quality assessment of childhood immunisation services in primary health centres in Oron, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The findings reveal both strengths and weaknesses in the delivery of immunisation services to children in the region. While there were areas of average performance, such as experienced and trained healthcare workers, there were also areas of concern, such as inadequate cold chain storage and insufficient record-keeping practices.The study recommends that steps be taken to improve the quality of immunisation services in the region, including strengthening the cold chain system, ensuring adequate record-keeping practices, and implementing regular training and supervision of healthcare workers. These measures are crucial to ensuring that more children are vaccinated and protected against vaccine-preventable diseases.Overall, the findings of this study contribute to the body of knowledge on the quality of childhood immunisation services in Nigeria and underscore the importance of continued efforts to improve the delivery of immunisation services to children. It is hoped that the recommendations put forth in this study will inform policy decisions and ultimately lead to better health outcomes for children in Oron, Akwa Ibom State, and beyond

Purpose: The aim is to study the awareness of the population about the correct use of antibacterial drugs and identify the sources of this information.Methods. A questionnaire method was used in the study with developed questionnaire consisting of six blocks and 41 questions. Statistical data analysis was carried out using the programs Statistica for Windows version 10.0 and R-studio.Results. There were 2,725 participants in the survey. Only 23.6% of respondents (n = 642) said they had received information on the risks of using antimicrobial drugs properly in the previous 12 months, while a vast majority (75.2%, n = 1,566) indicated that they would have wanted to. Antibiotic resistance (20.4%, n = 555), rational drug use (30.9%, n = 840), and indications for using antibacterial drugs (35.9%, n = 980) were the most sought-after topics for further research. Doctors (59.4%, n = 1619), medicine instructions (45.5%, n = 1239), the Internet (22.7%, n = 619) and personal (previous) experience using antibiotics (21.0%, n = 572) were the main sources of knowledge about antibacterial drugs, which were most frequently used by residents. Using the results, portraits of the population were developed based on the main source of knowledge on antibiotics.Conclusion. It is necessary to regularly educate the population about correct antibiotic usage and antibiotic resistance, keeping in mind their primary interests and the information’s sources.

Introduction. Hepatitis B is one of the urgent problems of modern medicine and is included in the list of socially significant diseases [1, 3, 4]. According to WHO, about 4 million cases of acute hepatitis B are detected annually in the world, which can turn into a chronic form with the subsequent development of adverse outcomes, and also requires significant financial costs. In 2016, the 69th session of the World Health Assembly approved a strategy to combat viral hepatitis until 2030. In the Orenburg region, preventive measures carried out within the framework of the National Priority Project in the field of healthcare (section Vaccination prevention) for many years have significantly reduced the number of primary infections with viral hepatitis B.Target. To show the effectiveness of preventive immunization against hepatitis B and to assess the dependence of the incidence rate on the coverage of the population with hepatitis B vaccination on the example of the Orenburg region. Materials and methods. Data from the Federal statistical observation forms No. 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases”, No. 6 “Information on the contingents of children and adults vaccinated against infectious diseases” in the Orenburg region for 2016–2020.Results. The coverage of vaccination against viral hepatitis B in the Orenburg region was analyzed, during the analyzed period, the coverage of vaccination increased significantly, as a result of which there is a tendency to decrease the incidence of acute viral hepatitis by 3,4 times.Conclusion. This article shows the effectiveness of preventive immunization against viral hepatitis B and evaluates the dependence of the incidence rate on the coverage of the population with vaccination against viral hepatitis B for the period from 2016 to 2020 on the example of the Orenburg region.