Vol 3, No 1 (2023)
PUBLIC HEALTH THEORY
Social and legal and medical aspects of transsexualism (gender incongruence)
Abstract
Currently, some of the most widely discussed, both in medical circles and in society as a whole, are issues related to the Transsexualism phenomenon. This interest is due to a sharp increase in the number of persons applying for gender reassignment, the exclusion of this pathology from the class of mental disorders and disorders of behavior in the International Classification of Diseases of the 11th revision, difficulties in differential diagnosis with other mental diseases, a number of ethical problems and imperfection of the organizational and legal aspects of care for such patients. The purpose of this article is to summarize information concerning the health, social and legal aspects of transsexualism (gender incongruence). Materials and methods. This review analyzed more than 60 foreign and domestic sources, included in the review the most influential works in the field of sexology, psychiatry, regulations related to the regulation of the gender change process, official materials of the World Health Organization and the American Psychiatric Association, as well as Standards of medical care compiled by the World Professional Association on Transgender Health. As a result of the review, the place of transsexualism is shown in the new International Classification of Diseases, the relationship with mental disorders, modern data on prevalence, therapeutic approaches and regulatory aspects of gender change are presented. The need to continue research in this area on large samples of people with disorders of sexual identification (gender incongruence), optimization of diagnostic and therapeutic care, this category of persons, as well as the development of uniform standards for diagnosis, therapy and the provision of socio-rehabilitation measures is indicated.
Public health. 2023;3(1):4-17
4-17
Breastfeeding in russia: problems and prospects
Abstract
Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life provides many short and long term health benefits. A woman’s awareness of the concept of breastfeeding as a unique biological phenomenon that has not only nutritional, but also psychological significance, which has a powerful positive effect on the neuropsychic development of the child, is an important condition for the development of breastfeeding dominance. Premature weaning or refusal to breastfeed increases the risk of developing many socially significant diseases for both mother and child.The ability to optimize the micronutrient status of a pregnant and then lactating woman by taking specialized vitamin-mineral complexes (VMCs) that correspond to the physiological needs of women in this physiological state dictates the need, on the one hand, to develop new clinical recommendations for women’s nutrition during this period, on the other hand – creation of educational (educational) programs of healthy nutrition using mass media. It is also necessary to expedite the adoption of a law on mandatory salt iodization. Admission, IUD for lactating women, is a reliable way not only to eliminate multiple micronutrient deficiencies in the diet and improve the supply of the body of a nursing woman, but also to optimize the vitamin composition of breast milk and the provision of a child exclusively breastfed.Some problems that arise during breastfeeding have been identified, including the lack of awareness of women about the benefits of breastfeeding for the health of the child and mother, the insufficient use of IUDs to improve the micronutrient status of both women and infants, and the lack of educational programs explaining the benefits of breastfeeding. Only the joint work of medical and public organizations to eliminate these problems will make it possible to maximize the benefits of breastfeeding.
Public health. 2023;3(1):18-32
18-32
MEDICAL CARE
Organization of a three-level system of emergency, including emergency specialized, medical care in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
Abstract
Introduction. The article presents an analysis of the problem, justification of the concept and formulates the basic principles of the functioning of a three-level system for organizing the provision of emergency specialized medical care in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and also demonstrates the experience of using computer modeling to create it on the example of three constituent entities of the country. Target. Determination of possible ways to optimize the three-level system in the regions through virtual experiments.Methods. A retrospective analysis of data on the current activities of the region was carried out, on the basis of which, with the help of computer simulation, a model of a three-level system was created and experiments aimed at its optimization were carried out. Results. On the basis of data on emergency patients admitted to various hospitals, a simulation model was created, a number of experiments were carried out aimed at determining the optimal redistribution of the flow of patients in need of emergency care in hospitals of the 3rd level, including in emergency situations of a biological and social nature at example of the COVID‑19 pandemic. The effectiveness of the proposed system was demonstrated, in the model it was possible to ensure the timely hospitalization of all patients in the subject to the place of providing them with comprehensive medical care. Conclusion. For the organization of a three-level system of emergency care, including specialized medical care, it is advisable to conduct organizational experiments using simulation modeling, which allows you to correctly plan the redistribution of patient flows, identify possible errors in the virtual model.
Public health. 2023;3(1):33-41
33-41
BIOETHICS OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Ethical problems in the development of artificial intelligence technologies in healthcare
Abstract
The development and implementation of software based on artificial intelligence (AI) technologies is one of the main directions of the digital transformation in healthcare. The global market for AI systems in medicine as well as research in this area are the main industry drivers. At the same time there is a growing concern in the medical professional community about the safety and effectiveness of AI-based software when it is put into practice. Responsibility issues come to the fore when discussing the pace of development of the AI industry. The aim of the work was to analyze the existing ethical problems of AI implementation in healthcare and to formulate priorities for overcoming them.
Public health. 2023;3(1):42-50
42-50
REGIONAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Competence of HLS: new practices of formation (experience of the regional network medical and social project)
Abstract
Introduction. The article proposes a new strategy for preserving and strengthening public health through the formation of healthy lifestyle competencies in the youth environment. The object of the study was the student youth, as the most promising socio-demographic group of the population. The subject of the study was the mechanisms of social construction of conscious attitudes of young people to lead a healthy lifestyle. A new approach has been proposed and justified, contributing to the expansion and consolidation of knowledge about the impact of medical and social determinants of health on quality and life expectancy.Target. To identify and substantiate new effective practices for reducing risk factors for youth health, using existing scientific and practical knowledge and experienceMethods. In the course of the work, methods of theoretical generalization, content analysis, secondary analysis of empirical data, quantitative research method were applied. The scientific sources were domestic and foreign monographs, articles, results of dissertation research, methodological materials, university websites.Results. An original author’s project has been developed aimed at creating a network of social partners and contributing to improving the level of youth literacy in health issues.Conclusion. The participatory approach in strengthening and preserving public health is an effective method of forming knowledge about the culture of health and consolidating the competencies of healthy lifestyle.
Public health. 2023;3(1):51-60
51-60
INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC HEALTH
Review of the need for the reforming medical education, Republic of Armenia
Abstract
Medical education is a fundamental link in the formation of qualified medical personnel. At different periods of development of the health care system, the system of education of health workers was also revised and improved. The article describes the stages of formation and development of the system of postgraduate education of medical workers in Armenia. To assess the current situation and the necessity to update the current system of postgraduate medical education, we conducted a survey in which participated the clinical residents, employees, and heads of departments, medical workers, leading specialists and representatives of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Armenia.
Public health. 2023;3(1):60-67
60-67
CONGRATULATIONS
Hristo Periklovich Takhchidi is 70
Public health. 2023;3(1):68-68
68-68
Igor Veniaminovich Maev is 60
Public health. 2023;3(1):69-69
69-69
70-70