Vol 6, No 2 (2025)

V. P. Goran accepts the following thesis: Parmenides and Zeno agreed with the statement “the being is one”, but they gave different interpretations to the term “being” in it. I show that this thesis is compatible with an interpretation of Parmenides that is free from the controversial declaration of falsehood of propositions of the form “a is not b” (the latter interpretation is developed in detail by A. Mourelatos). I also demonstrate that this thesis has advantages over the interpretations of N. B. Booth, F. Solmsen, according to which Zeno opposed Parmenides by trying to prove that there is no such object as “the one being”. This alleged Zeno’s proof is based on the assumption “every being is something extended”.

The paper considers two solutions to the problem of the subject specificity of philosophy, which at first glance seem to be poorly compatible with each other. A. N. Chanyshev defines philosophy as a systemically rationalized worldview, and V. P. Goran defines philosophy as a metaworldview reflexive theory. As a result of the conducted research, it turns out that there is more in common between the position of A. N. Chanyshev and the position of V. P. Goran than could have been initially assumed. Both approaches fit into a single line of thought, defining the prospect of further study of the subject and the specifics of philosophy.

The article provides the most complete “List of Russian translations of Aristotle’s works” to date, compiled in a systematic form, based on the online version previously compiled by E. V. Orlov. The “List” provided in the article includes translations of both individual treatises by Aristotle and fragments from them, starting from the second half of the 18th century and up to the present day. In addition, it presents the structure of Aristotle’s surviving legacy, which includes texts according to Becker’s pagination, as well as other works that do not have Becker’s numbering. This clearly demonstrates the state of affairs in Russian translation studies, indicating gaps in ancient works that have not been translated into Russian. The “List” below brings together the entire volume of information available to the authors of the article. In particular, the bibliography of individual translations was clarified, information was added about surviving fragments from Aristotle’s works that were not listed in the latest Internet version of E. V. Orlov’s “List”, and data about Russian translations of recent years was also included.

The article treats coexistence of philosophical schools at the pivotal turning points within the history of philosophy. V. P. Goran in his methodology, views such turning points as an integral part of the periodization of the history of philosophy, which implies determination of the historical-philosophical process within his framework. Dealing with historical-philosophical material, apart from Hegelian or Marxist discourse, allows for other interpretations, such as viewing different philosophical trends as philosophical traditions in conflict, with its outcome far from being predetermined. It is thus demonstrated that dependence of historical-philosophical reconstruction on philosophical stance of an historian of philosophy, enables representations of alternative scenarios characterizing pivotal turning points in the history of philosophy, which is not without its relevance in continuing “turns” of the modern age.

The subject of this article is the impact of virtual communication on the process of formation and transformation of the identity of Internet users. The methodological basis of the article is the approach developed by symbolic interactionists (presented in the works of Ch. Cooley, J. Mead and I. Hoffman) and applied by the author to analyze the modern situation taking into account the changed conditions and ways of communication. Personal identity, according to this approach, has a socio-communicative nature and is formed in the process of interactions, i.e. meaningful communicative actions of individuals aimed at the realization of certain goals. Similarities and differences between traditional communication in small groups and digital communication in communities in terms of the principles of information exchange are revealed. The similarities consist in the dialogical nature of communication, the presence of feedback and similar forms of communication. The differences consist in the characteristics of feedback (its indirectness and uncertainty), in the uncertainty of group boundaries (potential boundlessness of groups under the illusion of their boundedness) and hence the characteristics of the participants in the interaction.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the formation and development of bioethics in Latin America, where traditional Western principles face unique (regionally determined) socio-economic and socio-cultural realities. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of bioethics in Latin America, focusing on issues of social justice, protection of vulnerable groups and criticism of neocolonialism. The author applies historical, philosophical and comparative methods, analyzing the works of key thinkers (Florencia Luna, Ruth Macklin, Enrique Dussel) and the influence of factors such as liberation philosophy, Catholic ethics and social inequality. The study shows that in the process of bioethics formation in Latin America, universal principles (autonomy, benevolence, non-harm and justice) are integrated with the local context, which leads to the formation of approaches aimed at overcoming structural violence and marginalization. The concept of the Luna's "multi-layered vulnerability" reveals the complex impact of economic, gender, and cultural factors on access to medicine. At the same time, discussions about reproductive rights and the protection of indigenous peoples demonstrate a conflict between global standards and local traditions. The article's conclusions emphasize that bioethics research in Latin America makes a significant contribution to global discourse by offering a model that combines ethical principles with active social policy. This is especially true in the context of pandemics, environmental crises and increasing inequality.

The article discusses two key concepts of modern sociology: identity and habitus. To be fair, we should note that the latter is considerably inferior in the frequency of research application. It is practically never used in publicist practice. One of the reasons is a certain conceptual complexity. The principal novelty of this article is that in addition to describing the mechanism of acquiring identity, the paper shows the relationship between habitus and identity, its key role in preserving and maintaining identity.