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Volume 524, Nº 1 (2025)
- Ano: 2025
- ##issue.datePublished##: 15.10.2025
- Artigos: 15
- URL: https://journals.rcsi.science/2686-7397/issue/view/24186
Articles
FATTY ACID CONTENT OF JUVENILE PINK SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA DURING ITS SMOLTLIFICATION FROM THE RIVER INDERA TO THE WHITE SEA
Resumo
The changes in the fatty acid composition of pink salmon smolts during the migration process (from start to finish) in the Indera River and as part of an experiment at the locations where cages were installed (river, estuary, White Sea), taking into account differences in water temperature and salinity were studied. Changes in the quantitative composition of fatty acids were found in pink salmon smolts in the middle of their downstream migration and in the experimental group of smolts kept in cages in the sea for 72 hours (higher content of total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and lower polyunsaturated fatty acids). The qualitative composition of the dominant fatty acids in pink salmon smolts is the same for all studied groups (16:0, 18:1(n-9) and 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3)) and is similar to that at earlier stages of pink salmon development. In the framework of experimental works, variations in the content of 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3) were established, which confirm the important role of these PUFAs in the processes of adaptation of pink salmon smolts to the transition from a freshwater river ecosystem to living in the sea.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):493-501
493-501
REST AND SLEEP IN THE HIPPOPOTAMUS (HIPPOPOTAMUS AMPHIBIOUS)
Resumo
Rest and sleep states of an adult pair of hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibius) and their two-month-old calf are described in a zoo (Tampa, USA). During the day, the animals spent an equal time on land and in water; at night, they spent on average 76% of their time in water. Rest occupied 48-53% of the 24-hour period (11.4–12.8 h). On land, the animals rested in a lying position (18% of rest in the calf); in water – lying, sitting, or standing on the bottom with nostrils, eyes, and ears above the surface (80% in the female), or submerged and lying on the bottom (29% in the calf). All displayed eye jerks and twitches resembling REM sleep. On land, 98% of breathing pauses lasted <30 sec. In water, they ranged from 4 to 145 sec, with most lasting <1 min. The male's eyes were closed more often (up to 72%), the female's partially open (84%). Slow wave sleep in the hippopotamus is likely bilaterally symmetrical, as in terrestrial mammals. The female's sleep was more fragmented, less deep, and vigilant due to calf care.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):502-508
502-508
A ONE-TRIAL MOUSE MODEL OF TRAUMA-INDUCED LONG-TERM MEMORY
Resumo
The formation and maintenance of memory throughout life remains one of the central unsolved problems in neuroscience. Although many experimental models have been developed to study memory, there is currently a lack of paradigms that would allow for reliably investigating the mechanisms underlying highly stable memory over timescales comparable to the lifespan. In this study, we examined the ability of mice to form highly stable long-term memory using a contextual fear conditioning paradigm, an adapted model of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with varying intensities of aversive stimulation. We developed a one-trial learning model in which mice reliably formed long-term associative memories that persisted for at least six months, demonstrating a promising tool for investigating mechanisms of memory retention across the lifespan.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):509-513
509-513
HOLOTHUROIDEA HAVE SPONGY BODIES HOMOLOGOUS TO SPONGY BODIES OF ECHINOIDEA AND TIEDEMANN’S BODIES OF ASTEROIDEA
Resumo
In the holothuroid Chiridota laevis (O. Fabricius, 1780), we have found the organs that can be considered as homologues of the spongy bodies of sea urchins and the Tiedemann’s bodies of sea stars. The spongy bodies of C. laevis are located in the interradii and are formed by outgrowths of coelomic canals that connect the water ring with the coelomic cavities of the tentacles. Haemocoelic lacunae are adjacent to the coelomic outgrowths. The spongy bodies of sea urchins and the Tiedemann’s bodies of sea stars are also located in the interradii and indicate the position of the reduced tentacles. We suggest that the spongy bodies of echinoderms function as excretory organs (additional kidneys). Since the water-vascular system of most holothuroids does not open outwards, the spongy bodies of holothuroids are much smaller than those of other echinoderms and can be considered as rudimentary organs.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):514-518
514-518
INTEGRATIVE ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS OF SEEDS OF VARIOUS VARIETIES OF FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM
Resumo
For the first time, an integrative analysis of the morphological, structural, and biochemical characteristics of buckwheat seeds of several varieties growing in contrasting conditions of the monsoon climate of Primorsky region and the temperate continental climate of the Central region of Russia has been carried out, which allows us to provide important practical recommendations for the application of a new seed assessment method. Minor differences in their color and weight indicators of varieties, as well as the weight and structure of fruit shells (FS) were revealed. In all varieties, the amount of total protein in the seeds (SD) was almost equal, and the protein composition differed only due to minor components. For SD, there were fairly similar indicators in terms of the total phenolic compounds (TPC), phenylpropanoids (PhP), flavans (FL) and proanthocyanidins (PA) content, which in most cases were lower than those for FS, with the exception of the new generation of the Desire variety. The significant accumulation of PA (polyphenol oligomers with high antioxidant activity) in buckwheat seeds, which we noted, can be used for their subsequent application in various sectors of the national economy.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):519–524
519–524
STUDY OF CYTOTOXICITY OF FULLERENOL C60(OH)22-24 IN RELATION TO HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD MONOCYTES
Resumo
We studied the effect of fullerenol C60(OH)22–24 on the viability of human peripheral blood monocytes and its adhesion/internalization by these cells. Nanoparticles at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 2.5, 5, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL were incubated with human blood mononuclear cells for 24, 48, and 72 hours (5% CO2 at 37°C). We subsequently determined monocyte viability and fullerenol fluorescence intensity in the monocyte gate using flow cytometry. Nanoparticles were adsorbed/internalized by cells proportionally to their concentration and incubation time. Fullerenol С60(ОН)22–24 at 200 μg/mL reduced monocyte viability by an average of 17%, 30%, and 28% after 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. Cell survival inversely correlated with nanoparticle uptake intensity. Concentrations ≤100 μg/mL did not exhibit cytotoxicity even after prolonged exposure, supporting its biomedical applicability.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):525-530
525-530
NEW DATA ON THE CAMEL (CAMELUS CF. KNOBLOCHI NEHRING, 1901) FROM THE MIDDLE PLEISTOCENE (CHIBANIAN) OF WESTERN TRANSBAIKALIA (RUSSIA)
Resumo
This paper is devoted to the morphological features of the humerus and forearm of a Middle Pleistocene (Chibanian) camel, previously not found in Western Transbaikalia. Against the background of all previous finds in Central Asia, represented mainly by hand and foot bones, fossils from the Selenga middle mountains (Ust-Kiran locality, Chikoy River valley) provide a rare opportunity to most fully outline the morphosculpture of the long tubular bones of the forelimb. Their morphological features indicate that they belonged to the camel Camelus cf. knoblochi, and their sizes indicate that it was significantly larger than the Pliocene and modern forms. It occupied various biotopes in the middle mountains, where foothill trains directed towards river valleys and intermountain depressions were widespread.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):531-536
531-536
THE FIRST FINDING OF YELLOW-NECKED MOUSE (APODEMUS FLAVICOLLIS, MURIDAE, RODENTIA) ON THE WESTERN SLOPE OF THE MIDDLE URALS (STARIK ROCK SHELTER, LATE HOLOCENE)
Resumo
Bone remains of the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis) were identified from Holocene deposits at the Starik rock shelter (Serga River, Olenyi Ruchyi Nature Park, Middle Urals). The specimens, collected during 2008 excavations, are housed in the museum collection of the Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The stratigraphic context dates to 200–300 years BP. Dental morphometrics match both modern and Holocene A. flavicollis populations from the Urals. This specimen represents the first documented occurrence of the species in the Middle Ural Mountains, providing important evidence for understanding its historical distribution at the eastern range margin.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):537-540
537-540
MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GONADS OF THE KALKAN-FLOUNDER SCOPHTHALMUS MAEOTICUS TOROSUS (SCOPHTHALMIDAE) DURING MATURATION AND SPAWNING IN THE SEA OF AZOV
Resumo
The morphophysiological parameters of the oocytes of the Azov flounder were characterized during maturation and spawning in the Sea of Azov, as well as the analysis of the composition of fatty acids in the gonads based on samples from their three divisions in each studied fish: head (cranial), middle and caudal. The dynamics of morphophysiological characteristics and composition of fatty acids in flounder caviar during the spawning period has been established. It was found that physiologically significant oleic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids were dominant in the caviar of the studied fish species. At the same time, multidirectional trends in the content of these acids were established: the content of docosahexaenoic acid was higher in individuals at the beginning of spawning than in those at the peak of spawning, where oleic acid prevailed.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):541-549
541-549
DIFFERENTIAL METHYLATION OF THE GENES PAX8 AND GATA4 ALTERS THEIR EXPRESSION IN THE HEART DURING HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY
Resumo
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common hereditary heart disease with a prevalence ranging from 1:500 to 1:200 individuals. The development and clinical presentation of HCM do not always conform to the traditional view of its monogenic inheritance pattern. One key to addressing this issue may lie in identifying epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression, particularly DNA methylation, involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and modifying its course. Utilizing previously obtained whole-genome data, we identified four extended genomic regions with reduced methylation levels in the myocardium of patients with HCM. These include region chr2:113993204-113994075 located within the transcribed area of the PAX8 gene, as well as three other regions – chr6:31148369-31148577, chr8:11565217-11567212, and chr8:22132791-22133357 – that are associated with promoters of genes PSORS1C3, GATA4, and PIWIL2, respectively. We were able to demonstrate altered expression of PAX8 and GATA4 genes containing one each of these four mentioned regions. Our findings will expand the currently very limited understanding of the unique features of epigenetic regulation in this condition.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):550-557
550-557
A SYNGENIC MOUSE MODEL OF BREAST CANCER EXPRESSING HUMAN ERBB2 AND NANOLUC LUCIFERASE GENES
Resumo
Syngenetic models are widely used in experimental oncology both for modeling tumor diseases and for testing anticancer drugs. However, when testing targeted drugs aimed at human tumor-associated antigens, the presence of target antigens in the animal's body is important. In this work, a syngenetic cell line with stable expression of two genes — ERBB2 gene encoding human epidermal growth factor type 2 HER2, and NaoLuc luciferase gene — was created based on human murine mammary gland carcinoma. Optical bioimaging methods have proven that the created cell line is characterized by stable expression of ERBB2 and NanoLuc in vitro and in vivo, retains the aggressiveness growth of the original 4T1 cell line in animals, and forms spontaneous metastases that are detected in the animal's body by intravital biovisualization methods.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):558-563
558-563
TREX-2 MRNA EXPORT COMPLEX INTERACTS WITH HLB COMPONENT FLASH AND IS RECRUITED TO PROCESSED HISTONE MRNAS
Resumo
Disruption of the normal expression of histone genes lead to the development of various pathologies. One of the key stages of gene expression is the export of mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The TREX-2 protein complex regulates the export of the majority of poly(A)-containing mRNAs. Previously, we demonstrated that TREX-2 is also associated with histone mRNA particles and participates in the nuclear export of histone mRNAs, which lack poly(A)-tails. In this study we investigated the interaction of TREX-2 proteins with the histone mRNA processing machinery. It was shown that TREX-2 interacts with the FLASH protein, a key protein of the specialized histone mRNA processing machinery and a component of the histone locus body (HLB). The TREX-2 complex is recruited through its interaction with FLASH to processed histone mRNAs.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):564-569
564-569
MLE/DHX9 HELICASE ACTIVITY IS REQUIRED TO REGULATE THE EXPRESSION OF A NUMBER OF TISSUE-SPECIFIC GENES ON CHROMOSOME 4 IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Resumo
DHX9 helicase and its ortholog MLE in D. melanogaster participate in different stages of gene expression. Both helicases are important for the formation and functioning of the nervous system in humans and D. melanogaster, respectively. However, the role of helicase activity of DHX9 and MLE in the regulation of gene expression has been poorly studied, and the existing data are quite contradictory. This work is devoted to the study of the role of helicase activity of MLE in the regulation of gene expression in D. melanogaster. On chromosome 4 of D. melanogaster, in locus 102F, a site of intense MLE binding was found. It was shown that MLE is a co-activator of expression of the Dyrk3, Toy, Sox102F, Shaven and Fuss genes located in this locus. For this, the helicase activity of MLE is required. Genes whose expression depends on MLE are expressed at a high level in the nervous system of D. melanogaster and are necessary for its proper development. The obtained data contribute to the study of potentially evolutionarily conserved functions of MLE.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):570–575
570–575
EFFECT OF FEMTOSECOND LASER IRRADIATION ON COGNITIVE ABILITIES IN MICE
Resumo
The effect of low-intensity femtosecond laser radiation (200 fs, 525 nm, 5 mW) on cognitive abilities of mice at late stages after exposure was studied. Open field and Barnes maze tests were performed 5 months after a single irradiation to assess general activity, anxiety level, and spatial learning ability. Irradiated animals retained normal motor skills, did not show anxiety, and demonstrated stable long-term memory when performing spatial learning tasks. Irradiated mice showed no changes in the model of locomotor and psychoemotional behavior or disturbances in spatial learning and memory, while they better preserved the memory trace on the 9th day after training compared to control animals. The obtained results indicate the potential of photobiomodulation with femtosecond pulses as a promising non-drug method for the prevention and correction of cognitive impairment, including those caused by radiation therapy.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):576–581
576–581
FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF THE EUROPEAN PEARL MUSSEL MARGARITIFERA MARGARITIFERA FROM DIFFERENT RIVERS OF THE WHITE SEA BASIN
Resumo
The fatty acid (FA) composition of the mantle, foot (muscle) and hepatopancreas of the European pearl mussel Margaritifera margaritifera from the Kem River (estuary), the Ukhta River, and the Vozhma River (Republic of Karelia, Russia) was studied for the first time. All tissues of the pearl mussel from the studied rivers were found to have a higher content of saturated and polyunsaturated FAs compared to monounsaturated ones, which may be due to the post-spawning period. In the hepatopancreas of the pearl mussel was shown a predominance of polyunsaturated FAs due to the FAs of n-3 family, as well as a higher value of FA – 16:1(n-7), 18:1(n-7), 18:3(n-3), 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3) and a lower amount – 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:1(n-11) and 20:4(n-6) FAs compared to the foot and mantle. An important distinctive feature of M. margaritifera is the high amount of 20:1(n-11) FA. Mollusks from the estuary of the river Kem were distinguished by a higher content of 18:0, 20:5(n-3) FA in all the studied tissues and a lower content of 18:1(n-7), 18:2(n-6), 22:6(n-3) FA. The obtained data are important for monitoring work to assess the state of pearl mussel populations in different rivers of the European North, including using physiological and biochemical indicators.
Doklady Earth Sciences. 2025;524(1):582-590
582-590