The Role of the USA in the Preparation and Holding of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe

Cover Page

Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription Access

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the role of the United States during the preparation and holding of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). The study was based on an analysis of American diplomatic documents published in the series “Foreign Relations of the United States”. The reaction of Washington to the proposal of the Warsaw Pact countries to hold a pan-European conference is considered. The US tactics at the multilateral preliminary consultations in Helsinki are analyzed. The contribution of American politicians to the successful completion of the CSCE is examined. It is concluded that despite external passivity, the United States played a significant role in the implementation of the CSCE, acting as a mediator between the Soviet Union and the countries of Western Europe. Due to American diplomats, a number of compromises were found that ensured the signing of the final CSCE documents.

About the authors

O. G. Lekarenko

National Research Tomsk State University (TSU)

Email: olekarenko@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2421-5869
ResearcherId: N-8252-2014
Doctor of Sciences (History), Associate Professor Tomsk, Russian Federation

References

  1. Добрынин А.Ф. 1996. Сугубо доверительно. Посол в Вашингтоне при шести президентах США (1962-1986 гг.). М.: Автор. 688 с.
  2. Кашлев Ю.Б. 2005. Хельсинкский процесс 1975–2005. Свет и тени глазами участника. М.: Издательство «Известия». 392 с.
  3. От Хельсинки до Будапешта: История СБСЕ/ОБСЕ в документах 1973-1994 гг. В 3-х томах. Т. 1. 1996. М.: Наука. 384 с.
  4. Foreign Relations of the United States. 1969-1976. Vol. 39. European Security. 2007. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1131 p.
  5. Kissinger, H. 1979. The White House Years. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson and Joseph. 1521 p.
  6. Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions. Declaration adopted by Foreign Ministers and Representatives of Countries participating in the NATO Defence Program, 24-25 June 1968. Available at: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_26739.htm?selectedLocale=en (accessed 11.05.2023)
  7. Адамишин А.Л. 2005. Заключительный акт: занавес опускается? Россия в глобальной политике. № 4. Available at: https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/zaklyuchitelnyjakt-zanaves-opuskaetsya/ (accessed 28.09.2022).
  8. Гриневский О.А. 2004. Перелом. От Брежнева к Горбачёву. М.: ОЛМА-ПРЕСС. 624 с.
  9. Загорский А.В. 2005. Хельсинкский процесс. Переговоры в рамках Совещания по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе 1972–1991. М.: Права человека. 448 с.
  10. Кашлев Ю.Б. Общеевропейский процесс: вчера, сегодня, завтра. М.: Международные отношения, 1990. 181 с.
  11. Обеспечение международной безопасности в условиях холодной войны: поиски согласованных подходов / Под. ред. Н.И. Егоровой. 2017. М.: Издательство «Весь мир». 320 с.
  12. Осипов Е.А. 2017. Французская концепция разрядки (1965–1975). Обеспечение международной безопасности в условиях холодной войны: поиски согласованных подходов / Под ред. Н.И. Егоровой. М.: Издательство «Весь мир». С. 40–73.
  13. Печатнов В.О., Маныкин А.С. 2012. История внешней политики США. М.: Международные отношения. 672 с.
  14. Рахманинов Ю.Н. 1985. Совещание по безопасности и сотрудничеству в Европе. Европа ХХ века: проблемы мира и безопасности. Отв. ред. А.О. Чубарьян. М.: Международные отношения. С. 167–181.
  15. Синдеев А.А. 2023. А.А. Громыко и политика безопасности: настройка на Хельсинки. Современная Европа. № 4. С. 183–194.
  16. США и общеевропейский процесс / Отв. ред. Ю.П. Давыдов.1989. М.: Наука. 158 с.
  17. Adamishin, A.L. 2005. Zakliuchitelnyi act: zanaves opuskaetcia? [Final act: does the curtain fall?] (In Russ.) Russia in Global Affairs. № 4. Available at: https://globalaffairs.ru/articles/zaklyuchitelnyj-akt-zanaves-opuskaetsya/ (accessed 28.09.2022).
  18. Grinevsky, O.A. 2004. Perelom. Ot Brezhneva k Gorbachevu [Fracture. From Brezhnev to Gorbachev] (In Russ.). Moscow: OLMA-PRESS. 624 p.
  19. Hanhimaki, J.M. 2003. ‘They Can Write it in Swahili’: Kissinger, the Soviets, and the Helsinki Accords, 1973-1975. Journal of Transatlantic Studies. No. 1. P. 37-58.
  20. Hanhimaki, J.M. 2010. Détente in Europe, 1962-1975. The Cambridge History of the Cold War. Vol. 2. Crises and Détente / Ed. by M.P. Leffler and O.A. Westad. New York: Cambridge University Press. P. 198-218.
  21. Kashlev, Yu.B. Obchsheevropeiskii protsess: vchera, segodnia, zavtra [Pan-European process: yesterday, today, tomorrow] (In Russ.). Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, 1990. 181 p.
  22. Mockli, D. 2009. European Foreign Policy during the Cold War: Heath, Brandt, Pompidou and the Dream of Political Europe. London: I.B. Tauris. 476 p.
  23. Morgan, M.C. 2008. The United States and the Making of the Helsinki Final Act. Nixon in the World: American Foreign Relations, 1969-1977 / Ed. by F. Logevall and A. Preston. Oxford: Oxford University Press. P. 164-171.
  24. Obespechenie mezhdunarodnoi bezopasnosti v usloviiakh kholodnoi voiny: poiski soglasovannykh podkhodov [Ensuring international security in the context of the Cold War: the search for coordinated approaches] (In Russ.) / Ed. By N.I. Egorova. 2017. Moscow: Izdatelstvo “Ves mir”. 320 p
  25. Osipov, E.A. 2017. Frantsuzskaia kontseptsiia razriadki (1965-1975) [French concept of détente (1965-1975)] (In Russ.) / Ed. by N.I. Egorova. Moscow: Izdatelstvo “Ves mir”. P. 40-73.
  26. Pechatnov, V.O., Manykin, A.S. 2012. Istoriia vneshnei politiki SShA [History of U.S. foreign policy] (In Russ.) Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia. 672 p.
  27. Rahmaninov, Yu.N. 1985. Soveshchanie po bezopasnosti i sotrudnichestvu v Evrope [Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe] (In Russ.). Evropa ХХ veka: problemy mira i bezopasnosti / Ed. by A.O. Chubarian. Moscow: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia. P. 167-181.
  28. Readman, K.S. 2006. National Interests and the Power of ‘Language’: West German Diplomacy on the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1972-1975. Journal of Strategic Studies. Vol. 29, No. 6. P. 1077-1120.
  29. Romano, A. 2009. A Single European Voice Can Speak Louder to the World: The EPC and the CSCE Experience. The Road to a United Europe: Interpretations of the Process of European Integration / Ed. by M. Rasmussen and A.-Ch. L. Knudsen. Brussels: P.I.E. Peter Lang. P. 257- 270.
  30. Sindeev, A.A. 2023. A.A. Gromyko i politika bezopasnosti: nastroika na Helsinki [A.A. Gromyko and security policy: setting up for Helsinki] (In Russ.). Contemporary Europe. No. 4. P. 183-194.
  31. SShA i obshcheevropeiskii protsess [USA and the pan-European process] (In Russ.) / Ed. by Yu.P. Davydov.1989. Moscow: Nauka. 158 p.
  32. The Strained Alliance: U.S. – European Relations from Nixon to Carter / Ed. by M. Schulz, T.A. Schwartz. 2010. Washington D.C.: German Historical Institute. 383 p.
  33. Zagorsky, A.V. 2005. Helsinkskii protsess. Peregovory v ramkakh Soveshchaniia po bezopasnosti i sotrudnichestvu v Evrope 1972-1991. [Helsinki process. Negotiations within the framework of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe 1972-1991] (In Russ.). Moscow: Prava cheloveka. 448 p.

Copyright (c) 2024 Russian Academy of Sciences

This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies